景觀與批評:可見與不可見的交錯
Landscape and Criticism: The Crossing of Visible and Invisible
作者:慕曉東 Xiaodong MU
摘要
景觀批評之于風(fēng)景園林學(xué)在很大程度上是缺失的,此現(xiàn)狀判斷是本文寫作的初衷。景觀與批評的理論思辨、景觀批評缺失的歷史性分析、設(shè)計批評與闡釋性批評的基本印象、景觀設(shè)計批評的操作,以及批評家應(yīng)該扮演的角色,是本文論述的主要內(nèi)容。本文試圖提供一種認識景觀批評的具體語境,以增進人們對于這個被忽視議題的理解。本文假設(shè)景觀與批評之間的雙向互動,既能夠激發(fā)景觀的文化想象力,又能夠促進景觀空間的社會效應(yīng),還可以對風(fēng)景園林學(xué)科產(chǎn)生一定的積極作用。
關(guān)鍵詞
景觀;批評;歷史;理論;文本寫作;視覺圖像;空間建造
Abstract
With an intention to criticize the poor development of criticism in the discipline of Landscape Architecture, this paper will discuss six aspects of this topic: some theoretical speculations on landscape and criticism, historical investigations on its deficiency, a simulative panel of concrete landscape design criticism, various landscape criticism in different fields, three operations of criticism on landscape design, and the role what critics ought to play in this profession. The paper attempts to build a context that helps enhance professionals’ understanding of landscape criticism, which has been neglected in Landscape Architecture for decades, arguing that the interaction between landscape and criticism might stimulate the cultural imaginations of landscape, increase the social effect by landscape spaces, and partly promote the practical level of Landscape Architecture.
Key words
Landscape; Criticism; History; Theory; Textual Writing; Visual Image; Spatial Construction
生態(tài)系統(tǒng)負面服務(wù)研究與城市問題診斷
Ecosystem Disservice Research into Urban Problem Diagnosis
作者:王志芳,李迪華,楊凌,孟珈民,趙妍 Zhifang WANG, Dihua LI, Ling YANG, Jiamin MENG, Yan ZHAO
摘要
在中國城鎮(zhèn)化率超過50%之后,“城市雙修”成為了城市未來規(guī)劃設(shè)計的核心趨勢。然而,如何確定城市雙修的范圍和重點是一大難題。本文提議結(jié)合生態(tài)系統(tǒng)負面服務(wù)的相關(guān)研究,對城市問題進行診斷與評價。生態(tài)系統(tǒng)負面服務(wù)是與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)相對的概念,主要指生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對人類造成的不適或負面影響。同時,需要診斷分析其產(chǎn)生原因(自然狀態(tài)與人工干預(yù))、發(fā)生狀態(tài)(實際現(xiàn)狀與潛在能力),以及影響程度(相對值與絕對值)。以生態(tài)系統(tǒng)負面服務(wù)框架為基礎(chǔ),可以在城市及地域尺度上對城市雙修或城市更新重點問題做出系統(tǒng)性的梳理和評價,并分類歸納負面清單,進而從提升生態(tài)系統(tǒng)自身生態(tài)功能、降低負面服務(wù)、正負服務(wù)博弈等途徑系統(tǒng)制定城市雙修策略。
關(guān)鍵詞
生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù);生態(tài)系統(tǒng)負面服務(wù);負效益;負面清單;生態(tài)系統(tǒng)社會服務(wù)
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization rate over 50%, the initiative of Ecological Restoration and Urban Regeneration tends to be the focus of future planning and design in China. However, how to identify where and what to be regenerated is challenging. This paper calls for the integration of ecosystem disservice (EDS) research into urban problem diagnosis. Ecosystem disservice is raised up in opposite to ecosystem services, referring to ecosystem’s uncomfortable or negative influences to humans. The investigation of EDS should distinguish causes (natural factors and human intervention), influenced status (actual disservices and latent disservices), and influenced level (relative disservices and absolute disservices). Using EDS as a diagnosing framework, cities could systematically analyze key issues and hotspots, summarize the checklist of disservices, and utilize varied strategies for solutions including enhancing services, mitigating disservices and tradeoff between services and disservices.
Key words
Ecosystem Service; Ecosystem Disservice; Negative Impact; Disservice Checklist; Social Service of Ecosystem
景觀設(shè)計評論寫作
Writing Landscape Design Criticism
作者:朱莉亞·澤尼亞克 Julia CZERNIAK
摘要
在本文中,朱莉婭·澤爾尼克教授分享了景觀設(shè)計評論寫作過程中的經(jīng)驗與總結(jié)。其評論寫作主要從三個層面進行:建立學(xué)科框架,并在這一框架之下評價設(shè)計師的設(shè)計方案或建成項目;通過評論他人的項目,思考整個設(shè)計領(lǐng)域;以及基于限定條件較少的設(shè)計空間撰寫評論。在澤爾尼克教授看來,撰寫評論的目的是傳播有價值的學(xué)科知識。未來,她將通過策展、出版特刊等活動繼續(xù)探索更多景觀設(shè)計評論的可能。
關(guān)鍵詞
景觀設(shè)計評論;寫作;學(xué)科知識;空間設(shè)計
Abstract
In this article, Professor Julia Czerniak shares her opinions and experiences on landscape design criticism. Generally, she writes three types of criticism, including setting up disciplinary frameworks to examine designer’s drawings or built artifacts, writing through design projects to think about design at large, and writing to project design into a space of less constraint. From her point of view, writing criticism is to invoke valuable disciplinary knowledge. Professor Czerniak will further focus on curating an exhibition and publishing a special issue to explore more possibilities in landscape design criticism.
Key words
Landscape Design Criticism; Writing; Disciplinary Knowledge; Spatial Design
以景觀為媒介
Landscape as Medium
作者:瓊·艾弗森·納索爾 Joan Iverson NASSAUER
摘要
本次訪談聚焦于景觀的媒介屬性。受訪人瓊·艾弗森·納索爾認為,景觀感知十分重要,設(shè)計師應(yīng)當讓設(shè)計更為人們所接受,并關(guān)注景觀如何影響人們的日常生活。同時,她強調(diào)景觀可持續(xù)性的核心是維護。對于景觀設(shè)計學(xué)科而言,實踐和研究都非常重要,設(shè)計也能夠成為科學(xué)的一部分。相比其他學(xué)科,景觀設(shè)計學(xué)的核心競爭力在于景觀設(shè)計師懂得如何運用想象力來改變看不見的社會關(guān)系。作為《景觀與城市規(guī)劃》的聯(lián)合主編,納索爾認為媒體應(yīng)當更多地為學(xué)者和從業(yè)者服務(wù),促進更多元的學(xué)術(shù)交流。
關(guān)鍵詞
媒介;受歡迎性;維護;科學(xué);研究;想象力
Abstract
This interview focuses on landscape’s role of being a medium. Joan Iverson Nassauer, the interviewee, believes that landscape architects should make designs plausible and care about how landscape influences people’s everyday life since landscape perception matters. Meanwhile, she underscores that maintenance is key to the sustainability of a landscape project. She further argues that both practice and research are important to the discipline of landscape architecture, and design can be part of science. Landscape architects’ capacity of imagination defines the power and uniqueness of the discipline what allows landscape architecture to change social relationships. As a co-editor-in-chief of Landscape and Urban Planning, Nassauer believes that media need to serve more scholars and practitioners and to encourage a broad communication with diverse communication forms.
Key words
Medium; Plausibility; Maintenance; Science; Research; Imagination
景觀與建筑設(shè)計中的語言
Issue on the Languages in Landscape and Architectural Design
作者:金秋野 Qiuye JIN
摘要
本次訪談圍繞人與自然的關(guān)系、設(shè)計與評論的價值觀等問題展開。受訪者金秋野認為,評論需要具備完整的生命意識,不拘泥于固定的文體表達,是評論者以自身的歷史知識和對時間的理解做出的理性判斷,目的在于表達評論者獨立的價值觀。他指出,真正好的建筑師,其設(shè)計過程是從視覺到視覺的,超越了語言搭建的世界。
關(guān)鍵詞
建筑評論;景觀評論;設(shè)計語言;批判思維
Abstract
This interview centers on the relationship between human and nature, and the philosophy of architectural design and criticism. Qiuye Jin, the interviewee, believes that design criticism needs to reflect a complete life consciousness, which should not rigidly adhere to certain literary forms; a critique expresses the critic’s philosophy and critical thinking based on his / her historical knowledge and own understanding of time. Jin also believes that a good architect can go beyond words, whose design work is visually constructed and conducted, and can speak itself.
Key words
Architectural Criticism; Landscape Criticism; Design Language; Critical Thinking
評社區(qū)營造新局面:探討如何共同生活
Emerging Challenges of Community Empowerment: Exploring a Harmonious Living among Different Community Stakeholders
作者:黃瑞茂 Jui-mao HUANG
摘要
在全球化、城鎮(zhèn)化、金融危機等的影響下,當代人的生活方式不斷轉(zhuǎn)變,在城市愈發(fā)擁擠、持續(xù)擴張的同時,許多鄉(xiāng)村卻面臨著已經(jīng)“空掉”或?qū)⒁翱盏簟钡奈C,這種城鄉(xiāng)移民現(xiàn)象及其帶來的土地性質(zhì)變更使得城鄉(xiāng)之間的界線愈發(fā)模糊。在此種現(xiàn)狀面前,我們試圖借助“社區(qū)營造”手法,并將“社區(qū)”的定義擴充至城鄉(xiāng)、城際尺度,統(tǒng)籌考慮大尺度范圍內(nèi)的生活營造。受訪者黃瑞茂結(jié)合其20余年的社區(qū)營造經(jīng)驗,發(fā)表了其對于認同感、公眾參與、設(shè)計師角色等議題的看法。其提出,隨著時代的發(fā)展,設(shè)計師們關(guān)注的重點已由“這是我們所期望的生活空間嗎”,轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤拔覀冃枰鯓拥纳罘绞健保⑦M而轉(zhuǎn)向“我們要如何共同生活在一起”,形成了社區(qū)營造的新局面。
關(guān)鍵詞
社區(qū)營造;公眾參與;生活方式;都市意識;認同感
Abstract
Contemporary lifestyles are changing due to influences of globalization, urbanization, and financial crisis. While cities are increasingly crowded and continuously expanding, many rural areas face a crisis of labor shortage and changes of land types, blurring the boundaries between urban and rural areas. Under this background, the scope of community empowerment has been expanded to a larger scale, from one certain community to the whole urban-rural integration to deal with urban problems caused by rural-urban migration. The interviewee, Jui-mao Huang, shared his views on identity, public participation, roles of designers, etc. basing on his 20-year experience of community empowerment. He pointed out that over time, designers’ focus has shifted from creating spaces to meet dwellers’ demands to affecting dwellers’ lifestyles with practices of community empowerment, and to realizing a harmonious living for different community stakeholders.
Key words
Community Empowerment; Public Participation; Life Style; Urban Consciousness; Identity
建筑策劃的反思與完善:從前策劃-后評估到全過程咨詢
Reflections and Improvements on Architectural Programming: Programming and Post-Occupancy Evaluation to Whole-Process Consultation
作者:莊惟敏 Weimin ZHUANG
摘要
“建筑策劃”概念誕生于20世紀50年代,并于90年代引入中國,對中國的城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)產(chǎn)生了積極影響。受訪者莊惟敏自博士論文起就一直致力于建筑策劃理論的研究,并先后出版了《建筑策劃導(dǎo)論》《建筑策劃與設(shè)計》等著作。近幾年,其逐漸意識到“策劃-設(shè)計-施工-運營-后評估-策劃”閉環(huán)過程對于建筑創(chuàng)作的重要性。2017年9月,莊惟敏等人出版最新著作《后評估在中國》,也由此構(gòu)建了“前策劃-后評估”的完整研究體系。在對自身的塑造及對學(xué)生的培養(yǎng)中,其一直倡導(dǎo)“全體論”的發(fā)展方向,強調(diào)中國建筑師應(yīng)具備符合國際要求的職業(yè)素質(zhì)及知識儲備。本文梳理了建筑策劃、使用后評估、全體論等理論的發(fā)展歷程,并評述了這些理論在中國的推行現(xiàn)狀及相關(guān)舉措,以形成對早期建筑策劃理論的反思與完善。此外,其還特別指出,雖然評估與評論是兩個不同的概念,但都屬于建筑師應(yīng)掌握的技能范疇。
關(guān)鍵詞
建筑策劃;使用后評估;全體論;全過程咨詢;功能;評論
Abstract
The concept of Architectural Programming was proposed in the 1950s, but has only guided China’s urbanization since the 1990s. The interviewee, Weimin Zhuang, studied architectural programming for his dissertation and has since published Architectural Programming Guide and Architectural Programming and Design. In recent years, he comes to emphasize that architects need to master the closed-loop process of “programming — design — construction — operation — post-occupancy evaluation — programming.” In September 2017, Zhuang and his co-authors published Post-Occupancy Evaluation in China, and formed the research methodology for “Architectural Programming and Post-Occupancy Evaluation.” For years, Zhuang argues for a “holistic approach” in education to both students and himself, and emphasizes the importance of Chinese architects to meet international professional standards. This article explores how the development of architectural programming, post-occupancy evaluation, and holistic approach has been adopted in China, and reveals reflections and suggestions for the improvement of architectural programming. Finally, Zhuang points out that architects are supposed to build the skills in both evaluation and criticism.
Key words
Architectural Programming; Post-Occupancy Evaluation; Holistic Approach; Whole-Process Consultation; Function; Criticism
套路禁錮了創(chuàng)新——當代中國景觀設(shè)計的保守主義
Stereotype Shackles Creativity: The Conservatism in China’s Contemporary Landscape Design
作者:李建偉 Jianwei LI
摘要
本文就當代中國景觀設(shè)計行業(yè)中的“新中式”運動進行了批判,認為中國元素的濫用已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了景觀設(shè)計的同質(zhì)化,并直指其盛行的原因是中國當前設(shè)計領(lǐng)域中普遍存在的狹隘的保守主義。文章繼而就中國文化如何在當代景觀設(shè)計中展現(xiàn)的問題展開討論,分別對景觀文化以及中國文化的層次和維度進行了梳理,并指出設(shè)計師應(yīng)當跳脫出場地尺度的設(shè)計,而要擁有更加宏大的視野、承擔更大的社會責(zé)任。
關(guān)鍵詞
中國元素;中國文化;“新中式”景觀設(shè)計;保守主義;設(shè)計創(chuàng)新;藝術(shù)
Abstract
This paper starts with criticizing the design tide of Neo Chinese-style in China’s contemporary landscape design, where it argues that the indiscriminate use of Chinese elements in landscape design has terribly deadened design uniqueness and diversity, and points out that the popularity of Neo Chinese-style mirrors the narrow conservatism prevalent in China’s contemporary design industry. The article also explores the topic of how to celebrate the Chinese culture in contemporary landscape design by reviewing the levels and dimensions of landscape culture and Chinese culture, with an argument that designers ought to have a broader horizon with a greater social responsibility.
Key words
Chinese-style Element; Chinese Culture; Neo Chinese-style Landscape Design; Conservatism; Design Creativity; Art
孩子們的自然博物館——成都麓湖生態(tài)城云朵樂園
A Natural Museum for Children: Cloud Paradise in Luxelakes Eco-City, Chengdu
作者:張東,唐子穎 Dong ZHANG, Ziying TANG
摘要
云朵樂園位于成都市麓湖生態(tài)城—一處集產(chǎn)業(yè)、商業(yè)、居住功能為一體的新型城市片區(qū)。設(shè)計旨在為生態(tài)城中新入住的居民提供涵蓋公園、游樂場等空間的休閑場地,同時引入自然教育功能,以加強人與自然的聯(lián)系。該項目的一大特色在于設(shè)計與建造過程的相輔相成。此外,設(shè)計基于兒童的行為特征及發(fā)育規(guī)律選擇多樣化的游樂設(shè)施,同時鼓勵良好親子關(guān)系的建立。
《景觀設(shè)計學(xué)》編輯部就云朵樂園項目對該項目負責(zé)人張東和唐子穎進行了采訪。兩位負責(zé)人就主題選擇、設(shè)計理念、設(shè)計與建造的關(guān)系,以及景觀評論之于設(shè)計的影響進行了詳細闡釋。
關(guān)鍵詞
游樂場;互動裝置;自然教育;建造;評論
Abstract
The Cloud Paradise is located at the Luxelakes Eco-City, a new urban community in Chengdu that incorporates industrial, commercial, and residential functions. The design team aimed to provide a new park and playground for the neighborhood by creating a natural environment for people to connect with nature. The project is distinct for its efforts to facilitate construction as part of the design process. The recreational facilities at the park were designed in response to children’s behavioral characteristics and development, and for the purpose of encouraging better parent-child relationships.
The editorial team of Landscape Architecture Frontiers interviewed Dong Zhang and Ziying Tang, designers of the Cloud Paradise to better understand their ideas on issues related to the theme, design concepts, the relationship between design and construction, and the influence of landscape criticism on the design process.
Key words
Playground; Interactive Facilities; Natural Education; Construction; Criticism
彈性的防洪基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施:紐約市東海岸彈性修復(fù)計劃
Resilient Flood Protection Infrastructure: The East Side Coastal Resiliency project of New York City
作者:比雅克·英格斯,杰里米·阿蘭·西格爾,西蒙·大衛(wèi),奧特姆·維斯康提,盧南迪 Bjarke INGELS, Jeremy Alain SIEGEL, Simon DAVID, Autumn VISCONTI, Nandi LU
摘要
為應(yīng)對颶風(fēng)侵襲及海平面上升等問題,BIG建筑事務(wù)所提出了針對曼哈頓主島濱水區(qū)的U型保護系統(tǒng),以為該區(qū)域的未來彈性海岸建設(shè)和城市發(fā)展描繪出嶄新的圖景。作為該大型項目的第一階段任務(wù),東海岸彈性修復(fù)(ESCR)項目旨在探索如何使防洪基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施激發(fā)更多的社會效益。這一變革性的城市轉(zhuǎn)型項目不僅可以滿足當前社區(qū)的特定需求,更能夠根據(jù)城市未來發(fā)展狀況進行調(diào)整和完善。ESCR項目集結(jié)了來自社會各界的力量,通過典型材料的運用和對細節(jié)特征的把控來打造一種多樣化的濱海城市景觀空間。在此過程中,景觀亦充分展現(xiàn)了它作為教育載體的意義。
關(guān)鍵詞
彈性;基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施;防洪;適應(yīng)性;社會效益
Abstract
As a response to the issues of hurricane attack and sea level rise, the BIG U imagines a new future of coastal resiliency and urbanism for Manhattan’s waterfront. The East Side Coastal Resiliency (ESCR) project is the first phase of this huge project, showing how flood protection infrastructure could have more social effects. This radical urban transformation not only responds to the specific needs of communities today, but also remains flexible enough to develop over time, as urban conditions continue to change. ESCR gets designers, communities, and city agencies united, and creates a diversified city coastal landscape with a toolbox of materials and details that are typical of the city’s past. In this process, landscape is the medium that expresses educational aspects.
Key words
Resilience; Infrastructure; Flood Protection; Adaptability; Social Effects
上海大型公共綠地的未來
What is next for Large Public Green Spaces in Shanghai?
作者:張斗 Dou ZHANG
摘要
大量的人口和有限的土地對上海未來的發(fā)展提出了前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)。
填海造陸工程以犧牲棲息地為代價創(chuàng)造了更多的土地。然而這些吹填出來的土地自然條件惡劣,在成陸多年后仍不適宜居住。無論是海岸帶還是新填出的土地都有待長期的恢復(fù)和修復(fù)。
為了控制城市無限蔓延并保護農(nóng)業(yè)用地,對建成區(qū)域進行城市更新在近些年來備受重視。這類項目受到當前需求、歷史保護、現(xiàn)狀基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、用地性質(zhì)、政治等多重因素的影響,需要全面整合設(shè)計才能取得成功。
在公共項目中,公眾參與的缺乏往往導(dǎo)致政治訴求變成決定設(shè)計的主導(dǎo)因素。這可能致使設(shè)計偏離最佳的專業(yè)解決方案。那么,景觀設(shè)計師如何能夠影響決策過程以使其更加合理?
關(guān)鍵詞
海岸保護;自然演替;修復(fù);城市更新;綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施;公眾意識
Abstract
Large population and land shortage bring Shanghai unique challenges on future development.
Ocean landfill has created more lands at the cost of losing habitats. The harsh conditions of the reclaimed land, however, make them still difficult places to live, even many years after being filled in. Long-term restoration and remediation are needed both along the shoreline and in reclaimed land areas.
Urban regeneration of developed areas has gained more attention in recent years, as a way to control urban sprawl and preserve agricultural land. Such projects face complex mixture of current needs, historic preservation, constraints from existing infrastructure, land uses, and political issues. Strong design integration helps to enable the success of these projects.
Lacking public engagement in the decision-making process for public projects often results in political agendas becoming the driving force of the design direction. As this direction can deviate from the best professional solutions, how can landscape architects influence the decision-making process for the better?
Key words
Coastal Protection; Succession; Remediation; Urban Regeneration; Green Infrastructure; Public Awareness
探秘香港西區(qū)公眾貨物裝卸區(qū)
Unfolding the Western District Public Cargo Working Area in Hong Kong
作者:龐宇靈 Benni Yu-ling PONG
摘要
香港西區(qū)公眾貨物裝卸區(qū)(WDPCWA)是一個“非設(shè)計”和“非規(guī)劃”的空間。這個被公眾占用的空間不但吸引了本地和海外媒體的關(guān)注,更深受人們喜愛。相較于主流規(guī)劃和設(shè)計實踐對城市空間的演繹,這種活潑的空間展示了人們對城市空間別樣的理解和美學(xué)價值觀。
本項目旨在通過人類學(xué)研究方法和視覺再現(xiàn)手法,紀錄和定義在WDPCWA發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象,并探究人們對城市空間的感知。針對設(shè)計實踐過程極易忽視人們對空間的抽象感知這一現(xiàn)象,本項目嘗試發(fā)掘一套方法論,以展示這些難以被量化的訊息。
關(guān)鍵詞
公共空間;非設(shè)計空間;設(shè)計人類學(xué);再現(xiàn);香港
Abstract
The Western District Public Cargo Working Area (WDPCWA) in Hong Kong is an appropriated public space that is “undesigned” and “unplanned” in nature. Yet, it is one of the most popular public spaces among the local residents and has received the extensive coverage by both local and overseas media. The vibrant space has represented a different understanding and aesthetic appreciation on the quality of urban space that is not incorporated in the mainstream design and planning practice and pedagogy.
This project aims to record and conceptualize the urban phenomenon happened in the WDPCWA and scrutinize human perception on space through ethnographic methodology and visual representation. It intends to explore a methodology to unveil the perceptually-defined qualitative aspects in urban space which are often overlooked in design practice.
Key words
Public Space; Undesigned Space; Design Anthropology; Representation; Hong Kong
魅影生態(tài):美學(xué)、倫理與生態(tài)
Phantom Ecology: Aesthetics, Ethics, and Ecology
作者:菲恩·伯恩 Fionn BYRNE
摘要
阿薩巴斯卡油砂礦區(qū)位于加拿大亞阿爾伯達省北部,是太空可見的人造景觀之一,目前其施工規(guī)模幾乎可以媲美任何其他人文景觀項目。盡管這一項目巨大的土方工程量很容易讓人誤以為是區(qū)域性城市開發(fā)項目,但其實際目的卻只有一個—石油開采。
然而,在這樣一個石油儲備十分豐富的地區(qū),景觀設(shè)計師鮮少參與到開采、生產(chǎn)、廢物堆積和廢物回收等場地設(shè)計—特別是地形塑造—的過程中。同時,能夠反映人類在這一地區(qū)中的感受經(jīng)歷及對物質(zhì)空間進行塑造的小尺度景觀設(shè)計項目也寥寥無幾。因此,盡管該項目所構(gòu)想的在現(xiàn)有阿薩巴斯卡油砂礦工業(yè)景觀中設(shè)計10座休憩站的方案可能最終難以落地,但其核心在于呼吁人們意識到這些代表著加拿大當代景觀的工業(yè)景觀的存在。
關(guān)鍵詞
油砂;開采;基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施;工業(yè)景觀;修復(fù)
Abstract
Visible from space, the Athabasca bituminous sands region of Northern Alberta, Canada, is currently being engineered at a scale equal to or greater than any other human landscape projects. This massive earth moving operation which at first glance could be confused for a regional urban development, has but one single objective: oil.
Yet we do not see landscape architects engaged in the design and specifically the topographic shaping of these sites of extraction, production, waste, and reclamation. Nor are there many examples of landscape architects contributing smaller scale interventions that acknowledge the human occupation of these sites, their experience and material realities. Thus, ten rest stops are proposed to set in the working industrial landscape of the Athabasca bituminous sands, though they might not be built, to emphasize the importance of remembering that these landscapes already exist, showcasing the contemporary Canadian landscape.
Key words
Oil Sands; Extraction; Infrastructure; Industrial Landscape; Restoration