江蘇江陰綠道步行橋及景觀設(shè)計(jì) | BAU建筑城市設(shè)計(jì)

一枝獨(dú)秀

^{one of many} 

建設(shè)江陰綠道恰逢中國大力倡導(dǎo)健康、可持續(xù)性交通與城市悠閑之大好時(shí)機(jī)。如此大規(guī)模的城市基建工程，堪稱一種機(jī)遇，或者，更確切地講，純屬一種責(zé)任，在城市中打造蘊(yùn)含寓意的空間。借此機(jī)遇，江陰已然躋身成為一座創(chuàng)新、奮進(jìn)、宜居之城。

^{The Jiangyin Greenway belongs to a growing movement in China towards healthy, sustainable transportation and urban enjoyment. Infrastructure of this scale has an opportunity, or more correctly a responsibility, to create meaningful places in the city. It is also seen as an opportunity for Jiangyin to assert itself as a creative, progressive and livable city.}

鑒此，項(xiàng)目將分為風(fēng)格迥異的四個(gè)部分。每一處景點(diǎn)均與所處位置之精髓高度契合。目前，環(huán)路北段已經(jīng)修建完畢，通往船塢公園，正好映射出所承載的造船與港口歷史。環(huán)路東段與長江相連接。長江正是江陰所在地，所以，東段將突出展示長江的重要性。

^{Consequently, it will consist of four clearly identifiable segments, each with a unique response to the spirit of the place in which it is located. The north segment of the loop has already been built and passes through the docklands parks. It responds to the history of shipbuilding and its port function. This project, the eastern segment of the loop, leads to the Yangtze River, the river to which Jiangyin owes its existence. Consequently, this segment will respond to the significance of the Yangtze River.}

不僅僅是步道

^{more than a path} 

該項(xiàng)目絕非架空步道那么簡單，而是旨在營造更美麗的城市空間，將隨意分布且毫無關(guān)聯(lián)的景點(diǎn)串聯(lián)起來，融入現(xiàn)代美學(xué)之精華；解決民生問題；提升當(dāng)?shù)匦蜗螅淮蛟煸娨夥諊?；注重成本效益，開發(fā)社交場所。

^{This project is more than just an elevated walkway, it seeks to generate better urban spaces, order previously random and disconnected decision making, engage with the best of contemporary aesthetics; solve problems, extend local iconography, be poetic, be cost effective, and open up social opportunities.} 

長江歷史

^{the river story} 

長江是一處舉世矚目的自然風(fēng)景。正如多數(shù)自然風(fēng)景一樣，人們身處喧囂的城市，日復(fù)一日，美景總是在不經(jīng)易間被忽略。作為城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施又一新作，將再次向公眾展現(xiàn)長江氣勢磅礴的特殊風(fēng)貌。綠色步道已成為長江及支流沿岸眾多城市的常見開發(fā)模式，沿著綠道縱向修建多個(gè)廣場與露臺(tái)。景點(diǎn)放置游客信息板，展示長江輝煌的歷史。

^{The Yangtze River is a remarkable natural phenomenon. Like many natural phenomena, the hustle and bustle of everyday life of the city can mean this remarkable piece of landscape can often be taken for granted. This new piece of urban infrastructure is a great opportunity to remind the public of the extraordinary aspects of this mighty river. The greenway path has become a scaled model of the Yangtze River with the cities and tributaries along it length becoming plazas and balconies along the greenway. At these locations visitor information boards place these events in to the larger river story.}

無縫對接

^Stitching 

項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)場高速公路全程架空。出乎意料地，得益于英明的工程決策，高速公路并未成為城市的屏障。但是，項(xiàng)目所處公園卻無法將城市有機(jī)串聯(lián)起來。事實(shí)上，長條形公園更加注重南北向連接。故而，大大地阻礙了東西向的暢通。 

^{The freeway is lifted off the ground for it entire length of the site. Contrary to what one would think, and thanks to this enlightened engineering decision, the freeway is not a barrier in the city. However, the park in which it sits is not as helpful in keeping the city well connected. In fact this linear park with its emphasis on a major north-south connection becomes a frustrating barrier to east-west circulation.}

針對理想線路與路徑進(jìn)行細(xì)致入微的分析，重現(xiàn)公園活力，使其更具安全性。城市隨之變得更加高效靈動(dòng)。另外，連接通道確保綠道與公園其它區(qū)域、比鄰街道以及人行步道網(wǎng)絡(luò)的暢通連接。

^{A careful analysis of desire lines and shortcuts can rejuvenate the park with activity, make the park safer, and make the city more efficient. The stitching paths also ensure that the green way is connected to the rest of the park and to the adjacent streets and pedestrian circulation networks.}

精巧驚艷的設(shè)計(jì)

^{responsive AND surprising}

總體來講，步道對既有道路及大量成熟植物進(jìn)行了貼心與精妙的處理。項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)清晰明白地闡述了步道特點(diǎn)：透明實(shí)心欄桿在保護(hù)隱私的同時(shí)，亦為游客打造出美妙迤邐的景致。高速公路隔音墻為人行步道營造出舒適感；兩旁栽種的喬木提供了遮蔭與獨(dú)立空間；開闊景點(diǎn)配置坐椅，可俯瞰湖光山色與運(yùn)河風(fēng)光；地標(biāo)性大橋采用桁架設(shè)計(jì)，頗具雕塑式造型感；街道交匯處的階梯，將已有人行步道與綠道有機(jī)連接為一體。別具一格的附屬設(shè)施，為比鄰城市項(xiàng)目增色不少。

^{The path provided in the brief was a thoughtful and gentle response to the existing paths and the substantial well established planting material. The design of this project is a clear and legible response to this path, with: solid and transparent balustrades providing privacy or views; sound walls near the freeway for the comfort of the pedestrians; arbors to provide shade and enclosure; widenings with seating at locations overlooking lakes and canals; landmark bridges with sculptural trusses framing views for pedestrians; stairs located at street intersections to link existing pedestrian paths to the new greenway; and surprising additional programs that make the adjacent city programs work even better.}

規(guī)劃與建造

^{place making AND programming}

據(jù)說，好地方必定是承載著回憶的空間。然而，片段式記憶卻無法稱之為美妙的回憶。沿著綠道閑庭信步，總能串聯(lián)起各種各樣的大事件；圓形劇場可供表演與休閑；抬高的廣場配備永久性音晌設(shè)備，以供大眾娛樂休憩；運(yùn)動(dòng)場配置球場、滑梯以及柔緩坡道，適合各年齡階段的人們在此游玩嬉戲；不勝枚舉。通過各種處理，打造出一個(gè)讓人流連忘返的好去處。

^{It is said that place is space with memories attached. And that memories can’t be attached without articulation. Consequently the journey along this greenway is articulated with a number of variously scaled events; an amphitheatre for performances or relaxing on; a raised plaza with permanent sound instruments for all to play; an exercise playground with nets, slides and a gentle climbing ramp for all ages, to name a few – all providing the clarity and legibility to become memorable places.}

潛力無限

^{full of potential}

另外，在重要地段，設(shè)計(jì)增添了一些附屬設(shè)施。圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)詮釋了如何因地制宜地利用比鄰的既有道路與人行步道系統(tǒng)及新建綠道的地理優(yōu)勢。附屬設(shè)施有助于完善景點(diǎn)裝備，使重要地段更具活力，綠道更加安全與人性化。此外，商業(yè)項(xiàng)目的租賃使用有利于降低綠道運(yùn)營成本。擬建項(xiàng)目包括：兼具銷售與修理功能的自行車驛站；咖啡吧－酒吧－餐館；商店；健身館，等等。

^{This design also locates key places for optional programs and the building envelopes of these options describe how best to take advantage of their location adjacent to both the existing road and pedestrian system, and the new greenway. These optional programs can assist in making place and also generate more activity in key locations making the greenway a safer place to be. Rent from these commercial programs could also contribute to the running costs of the greenway. Potential programs include : bicycle hub for repair and sales; café-bar-restaurants; market; and gym sports shop.} 

整合所有組成構(gòu)件

^{an integrated kit of parts} 

打造大型建筑與空間有兩個(gè)基本方法—加法式，對細(xì)節(jié)作添加處理?；蛘撸瑴p法式，針對大型建筑作細(xì)化處理。附屬工程常常有助于提升美感，核心在于糅合各種不同元素的理念。由此營造出一個(gè)非整合式效果。反之，減法式流程則可獲得一個(gè)整合式方案。每一個(gè)元素都是對建筑進(jìn)行減法處理的結(jié)果，建筑自身即是一個(gè)減法元素。該項(xiàng)目采用減法式流程建造。

^{There are two fundamental ways to generate large-scale forms and spaces – by adding small things together or by starting with a large thing and extracting pieces from it. The addition process often leads to an aesthetic of accretion, which has at its core the idea of the articulation of different elements. This can lead to a non-integrated result. The subtraction process leads to an integrated approach, because every element is either the result of the subtraction of something or it is itself the subtracted element. It is the subtraction process that this project explores.}

項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)基于對所有組成構(gòu)件的全盤考慮，并整合為一體，將無序變?yōu)橛行?。不僅賦予項(xiàng)目多樣性，同時(shí)保留建筑的簡單結(jié)構(gòu)，利于成本控制。

^{The design of this project is based on a kit of parts, but parts of an integrated whole not an assemblage of disparate elements. This kit of parts allows diversity but retains construction simplicity and cost control.} 

結(jié)構(gòu)

^Structure 

綠道全程采用鋼架與預(yù)制件建造，從而降低對公園生態(tài)的影晌。

^{The entire greenway is built in steel and utilizes pre-fabricated to reduce the impact on the park.}

綠道露臺(tái)

^{greenway deck} 

采用全鋼結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)以及彩色瀝青混凝土鋪裝；綠道作預(yù)制處理，具有維修費(fèi)用低，耐磨等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

^{A steel structure with a coloured bituminous concrete screed gives the greenway both the potential for prefabrication and a durable low-maintenance, long-wearing surface.}

間隔立柱

^{column spacing} 

支撐綠道的立柱高度為16米，位于區(qū)域中心，對人類活動(dòng)無任何頭高限制（例如匝道下方，等等）。針對有頭高限制的區(qū)域，間隔立柱高度將增至32米，使人們在架空步道下方的社交活動(dòng)更加靈活自如。

^{Columns supporting the greenway are at 16 metre centres in areas where there is no head height for human activity (under ramps, etc.). When there is head height the column spacing has been increased to 32 metres, to make the space under the elevated more flexible for community activities.}

薄膜、桁架與吊籃

^{membranes, trusses and cradles} 

橋梁跨度大小各有不同，可超過綠道的32米有效跨度。為了解決此問題，橋梁采用三種基本結(jié)構(gòu)：可穿孔薄膜、桁架及懸空系統(tǒng)。

^{Bridge spans vary and can exceed the efficient 32m span of the greenway. To deal with this issue, the bridges explore three structural principles: perforated membranes, trusses, and suspension systems.}

薄膜備選方案有兩個(gè)：其一，質(zhì)量大的地方采用中間跨接法，恰似一個(gè)弧形拱門；其二，增加支撐體質(zhì)量，起到抗拉伸結(jié)構(gòu)的作用。桁架系統(tǒng)中常見的華倫式桁架改為一連串傾斜的過濾膜；懸空方案采用支撐式動(dòng)態(tài)吊籃。綜合應(yīng)用多個(gè)方案，將每座橋梁都打造成為城市中獨(dú)特靚麗的地標(biāo)式建筑。

^{There are two membrane options: one where the greater mass sits mid-span and acts as an arch; the second option has mass at the supports and acts as a tensile structure. The truss system turns the familiar Warren truss into a series of inclined membranes, and the suspension option explores a propped cradle dynamic. These options provide variety of combinations to assist in making each bridge a unique landmark in the city.}

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