地址:北京市海淀區(qū)中關(guān)村北大街100號(北樓)北京大學(xué)建筑與景觀設(shè)計學(xué)院一層 Email:info@landscape.cn
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概要:
以綜合生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)為目標(biāo),引入梯田濕地景觀解決場地高差,將原有的硬化河道進(jìn)行曲化和生態(tài)化設(shè)計,并在水中植入樹島,讓水流慢下來,同時增加生物與水體的接觸面,凈化城市地表徑流,并使河流的自凈能力得以加強(qiáng);在植被設(shè)計中,引入農(nóng)業(yè)景觀和一年生花卉輪作,將四季時令和農(nóng)事活力引入城市,為都市帶來變化和驚喜;棧道穿梭于豐富的鄉(xiāng)土植被和田園景觀之中,將人的活動浸入自然和充滿鄉(xiāng)愁的田園;以耐候鋼為材料的風(fēng)雨亭,漂浮于濕地和梯田之上,給自然為主題的生態(tài)廊道打上了當(dāng)代城市生活與藝術(shù)的烙印。
Project Statement:
The Sponge Greenway was built upon a typical post-industrial site with degraded ecological function that was slated to become part of a new urbanized district. The holistic, ecosystem services-oriented project introduced terraced wetlands to slow the flow of urban runoff and remove pollutants. The original channelized river was transformed into a meandering, ecologically functional waterway dotted with tree-covered islands to increase the interface between organisms and the water bodies, in order to boost the river’s natural purification capacity. Crops and flowers are rotated to create a sense of seasonal surprise and agricultural vitality within the growing city. The project’s boardwalks are designed to bring visitors closer to the natural landscape. Pavilions made of corten steel float on the wetlands and terraces, lending a touch of contemporary style to the ecological corridor. This project demonstrated that an engineered landscape, as a kind of ecological infrastructure, can heal the degraded ecological system while providing social and cultural services to the neighboring communities.
1.場地現(xiàn)狀與挑戰(zhàn)
寧波市東部新城生態(tài)走廊(中山路—鐵路)位于寧波市東部新城總體規(guī)劃生態(tài)廊道南段,南北長1286米,東西最寬處434米,總占地面積為37.4公頃。建成區(qū)段為中山路至百丈東路之間,南北長470東西寬最寬處470米,共12.2公頃。位于北緯29°51′14″,東經(jīng)121°37′14″?;厮闹墉h(huán)繞城市規(guī)劃道路,北側(cè)以中山路為界,南側(cè)以鐵路為界,西側(cè)為福慶路,東側(cè)為規(guī)劃道路。設(shè)計之初,基地及周邊為農(nóng)田斑塊、村莊與工廠,地勢平坦,河網(wǎng)縱橫,水體受生活及工業(yè)污染嚴(yán)重,河渠局部裁彎取直和硬化。鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)留下的廠房、水泥鋪裝及堆料分布于場地之中,生活和工業(yè)垃圾填滿河道,為典型的江南地區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合部的棕地。
1. Site and Challenges
The Ningbo Eastern New Town Ecological Corridor (Zhongshan Road-Railway) is 1286 meters long from north to south and 434 meters wide from east to west, with a total area of 37.4 hectares. The completed section is between Zhongshan Road and Baizhang East Road, with a north-south length of 470 meters and an east-west width of 470 meters, totaling 12.2 hectares in size.
Located at 29°51′14″N, 121°37′14″E, the site is bounded by Zhongshan Road on the north, railroad tracks on the south, Fuqing Road on the west, and a planned road on the east side. Before being designed, the site and surrounding areas were fragmented farmland with villages and factories that were scheduled for relocation. The terrain was quite flat and the water network was seriously polluted by industry and domestic sewage. The river had been partially straightened and channelized. Factory buildings, together with cement paving and stacking materials left by the rural enterprises, were scattered throughout the site. Domestic and industrial waste filled the river channels. This site was a typical brownfield in the rural-urban fringe of the southern region of China.
2. 設(shè)計目標(biāo)與策略
這是一個后工業(yè)景觀的生態(tài)重建項目。作為寧波東部新城生態(tài)廊道的一部分,本項目的設(shè)計旨在構(gòu)建生態(tài)廊道的連續(xù)性和完整性,以綜合生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)為導(dǎo)向,將景觀作為系統(tǒng)解決城市生態(tài)環(huán)境問題的綜合途徑,修復(fù)水生態(tài)環(huán)境,凈化水體,重建江南河流濕地,營造滿足現(xiàn)代都市生活的城市公共綠地,定義城市新區(qū)風(fēng)貌與特色,為建設(shè)中的城市帶來活力和場所感,增強(qiáng)城市居民的歸屬感和認(rèn)同感;同時,在工程建設(shè)和后期維護(hù)中,以節(jié)約為本。這也是委托方對該項目在生態(tài)性、社會性、文化性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性諸方面的訴求。
為滿足上述四個方面的訴求,設(shè)計采用了以下策略:
2. Objectives and Design Strategies
This is a post-industrial landscape ecological reconstruction project. As part of the larger ecological network in the Ningbo Eastern New Town, this project aims to improve the continuity and integrity of the ecological corridor while fulfilling the needs of the communities surrounding the site. Oriented toward holistic ecosystem services, the landscape is intended to function as a comprehensive ecological infrastructure to systematically solve the existing urban ecological and environmental problems. The project was intended to restore the hydrologic environment, clean local water bodies and rebuild riparian wetlands, while creating a public green space to meet the needs of local residents and help shape the identity of the new urban district. The project is intended to bring vitality and a sense of place to the growing city, and to enhance citizens’ sense of belonging and community. The project is also intended to achieve long-term savings in construction and maintenance costs.
To meet these objectives, the project adopted the following four strategies:
2.1 保留、利用和再生:廠房、樹木和水系
首先,對場地中的現(xiàn)狀廠房予以保留及利用,保留場地記憶、歷史脈絡(luò),利用廠房網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)加以改造,與綠色種植相穿插,形成獨(dú)特的景觀空間和餐飲及休憩場所,使其成為整個項目的地標(biāo)(這部分尚未建設(shè));原有樹木及水系均得以保留,并融入到新的設(shè)計中。
2.1 Preservation, reuse and regeneration: factory buildings, trees and water systems
First, the current factory buildings in the site are preserved to maintain the site's historical context. The existing trees and water system are also retained and integrated into the new design. In the future [or “in a future phase”], the grid structure of the factory buildings will be transformed and interspersed with green planting to form a unique landscape and place for relaxation, making it the landmark of the entire project.
2.2 基于水生態(tài)過程的地形設(shè)計:梯田、曲岸及島嶼
地形設(shè)計以改善水生態(tài)過程為主要目標(biāo),通過減緩水的流速,截留和凈化水體,充分利用生物吸收水體中的養(yǎng)分。整體廊道在原有河道基礎(chǔ)上,去硬還生,進(jìn)行曲化設(shè)計,并在水中設(shè)立多個島嶼,增加濱水生境的面積;利用城市道路與河面4米的高差,設(shè)計多級梯田,將城市地表徑流經(jīng)梯田截留和過濾后再排入河道。為強(qiáng)化公園的水生態(tài)凈化功能,在場地西側(cè)高處設(shè)計了一條引水渠,由北往南將上游河道的污染水體提升入引水渠,水渠蜿蜒穿梭在林中,將水分配到各個濕地梯田濕地單元之中進(jìn)行過濾凈化,排入河中。
2.2 Terrain design based on hydro-ecological processes: terraces, curved banks and islands
Terrain design aims to improve hydro-ecological processes. It slows the water flow, intercepts contaminants and purifies the water body, and makes full use of plants to absorb nutrients from water bodies. Based on the original path of the river, the corridor is ecologically designed in a curvilinear form. The islands are strategically placed to increase the interface between water and land. With an elevation change of 4 meters between the road and the river’s water level, multi-level terraces are designed to intercept and filter the urban surface runoff before it flows into the river. To strengthen the water purification process, a diversion channel was designed on the west side of the site. Contaminated water from the upper reaches of the river is lifted into the diversion channel, which meanders through the forest, distributing water to each terraced wetland for filtration and purification, before the water is ultimately discharged into the river.
2.3 多樣化的植被:濕地、農(nóng)作與樹林
與上述地形設(shè)計相適應(yīng),植被設(shè)計主要分為三類:一類是濕地植被,水道兩側(cè)和水中廣植低維護(hù)的水生和濕生植被;在臨城市道路一側(cè),分布濃密的樹林,以香樟、銀杏、杜英等闊葉樹為主的喬木林帶,形成公園外圍的綠色邊界,同時,高大的喬木具有通透的視線,溝通城市街道與生態(tài)廊道之間的視覺聯(lián)系。在濕地中分布的島嶼上,密植的水杉和水松樹叢,構(gòu)成生態(tài)廊道中間的綠色體塊,起到分割空間的作用,樹根深入水體吸收水中營養(yǎng),凈化水質(zhì);在濕地與林帶之間的梯田之上,輪作豐產(chǎn)的作物和花卉,如春季的油菜花,夏季的向日葵,秋季的硫華菊。它們將鄉(xiāng)村田野的時令和節(jié)氣帶到城市中來,給久別農(nóng)事的新一代城市居民一些鄉(xiāng)愁,而給遠(yuǎn)離自然不暗農(nóng)事的新生代們一些田園的信息,讓千篇一律的城市帶來驚喜與動感。
2.3 Diverse vegetation: wetlands, crops and woods
The vegetation design is divided into three types: wetland vegetation, annual crops and meadows, and woods. Low-maintenance aquatic plants and wetland plants are widely used on both sides of the riverbank and in the water. On the side closest to the city, arbor belts dominated by broadleaf trees such as Cinnamomum camphora, Ginkgo biloba, and Elaeocarpus decipiens form a green border between the city and the park while creating a semi-transparent visual connection in between.
On the islands, densely planted Metasequoia and Cyprus groves divide space in the middle of the ecological corridor. The roots of the trees penetrate into water body to absorb nutrients and purify the water.
On the terraces between the wetlands and arbor belts, annual crops and flowers are planted in season, including canola in spring, sunflower in summer and chrysanthemums in autumn. The changing plants bring a seasonal rhythm and sense of change to the city, providing the new generation of urban residents with a chance to reconnect with farming and nature. In contrast with other cities built on stereotyped plans, the urban area in Ningbo Eastern New Town has been refreshed by a pleasant vitality.
2.4 浸入式體驗設(shè)施:棧道、亭臺
連續(xù)的步行到和自行車道貫通南北,并與整體生態(tài)廊道相連接;一個懸空的棧道系統(tǒng),連接城市并穿越于濕地、樹叢和梯田之中,為浸入式體驗提供各種機(jī)會;木平臺嵌入濕地和梯田之上,或與樹叢相穿插,或與風(fēng)雨亭相組合,點(diǎn)綴于景觀基底之上。風(fēng)雨亭以耐候鋼為材料,折疊而成,既是亭子,也是藝術(shù)裝置,供人休憩、拍照、集會,成為生態(tài)廊道中的焦點(diǎn)和觀景點(diǎn),使樸素簡潔的濕地和田園景觀陡然精神起來。
2.4 Immersive experiential facilities: boardwalk and pavilions
Continuous footpaths and cycling paths run through the ecological corridor and connect with the city’s broader greenway system. A boardwalk system, connecting the city and going through the wetland, groves and terraces, provides various opportunities for immersive experiences. Several wooden platforms are embedded in the wetlands and terraces, or interspersed with trees. The platforms are also combined with pavilions, embellished on the landscape matrix. The pavilions are made of folded corten steel. They are both art installations and shelters, inviting people to relax and linger. They have become the visual highlight of the ecological corridor.
3. 建成效果:提供綜合生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)
寧波生態(tài)走廊三期(中山路-百丈東路)于2016年建成,其雨澇滯蓄、生態(tài)凈化、韌性防洪等生態(tài)海綿的功能已充分彰顯;除了作為市民日常休憩的好去處外,其季節(jié)性的田園景觀和花季,為城市帶來驚喜,深受市民歡迎。每當(dāng)油菜花、向日葵等開放之際,這里便成為城市居民最受歡迎的休閑地,為城市帶來無限活力。作為整體生態(tài)廊道的重要組成部分, 2019年獲“浙江最美綠道”榮譽(yù)。
3. Accomplishment:Providing holistic ecosystem services
Phase III of the Ningbo Ecological Corridor was completed in 2016.The waterway has been revived with rich native habitats, and functions as a flood-resilient green sponge that can cleanse the contaminated water. The seasonal agricultural landscape and rotating meadows provide a sense of surprise to the city’s citizens. Although local residents intensively use the corridor year-round, the high time is when the canola, sunflowers and other flowers are in blossom. Then, hundreds and thousands of local residents and tourists from afar are attracted to the corridor, bringing a sense of infinite vitality to the city. As an important part of the overall ecological corridor, the park was named “Most Beautiful Greenway in Zhejiang Province" by the Urban and Rural Construction Department of Zhejiang Province in 2019.
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