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濟寧文化中心一期景觀設(shè)計 | LDG蘭斯凱普

經(jīng)典案例 2020-09-23 來源：gooood

項目名稱：

濟寧文化中心一期景觀設(shè)計
項目地點：

濟寧市太白湖新區(qū)
項目規(guī)模：

17公頃（一期）
設(shè)計公司：

LDG蘭斯凱普
委托方：

濟寧市城投文化旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)有限公司/濟寧市城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃局
建成時間：

2019年5月
圖片來源：

LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華

前言

^Foreword

濟寧文化中心包括群藝館、圖書館、博物館、美術(shù)館以及配套的商業(yè)綜合體。項目從構(gòu)想之初就不同凡響，建筑設(shè)計競賽邀約了包括磯崎新（Arata Isozaki，2019普利茲克獎得主）、馬里奧·博塔(Mario Botta)、西澤立衛(wèi)(Nishizawa Ryue, 2010普利茲克獎得主)、何鏡堂院士等世界一流大師和知名的建筑設(shè)計單位參與。這是一個難度極大的挑戰(zhàn)，濟寧文化中心集“文娛、藝術(shù)、展覽、收藏、創(chuàng)作、商業(yè)”等多元功能為一體，各個建筑單體既需要在世界級建筑大師們的創(chuàng)作之下呈現(xiàn)“唯一性”的特色，又需要相互融合，和諧共生。景觀的參與和實踐正是遵循“有機縫合”這一基本原則，來塑造“整體、共情、協(xié)調(diào)”的外部公共環(huán)境，把多樣化的城市文化公共建筑，通過景觀環(huán)境的創(chuàng)新思維有機地融合為整體，共同構(gòu)建了文化中心這一綜合體，建筑與景觀的相得益彰造就了濟寧市新的文化地標和“城市名片”。

^{Jining Cultural Center includes a group of art exhibition halls, libraries, museums, art galleries and supporting commercial complexes. The project has been extraordinary from the beginning of its conception. The architectural design competition invited Arata Isozaki (Pritzker Prize winner in 2019), Mario Botta, and Nishizawa Ryue (Lizker Prize winner in 2020), academician He Jingtang and other world-class masters and well-known architectural design units participated. This is an extremely difficult challenge. Jining Cultural Center integrates multiple functions such as “recreation, art, exhibition, collection, creation, and commerce”. Each building unit needs to be presented under the creation of world-class architects. The characteristics of “uniqueness” need to be integrated and coexist in harmony. The participation and practice of landscape is to follow the basic principle of “organic stitching” to shape the external public environment of “integrity, empathy, and coordination”, and organically integrate diverse urban cultural public buildings through innovative thinking of landscape environment For the whole, the cultural center is constructed together, and the complementarity of architecture and landscape has created a new cultural landmark and “city name card” in Jining.}

^{▲文化中心整體鳥瞰，overall aerial view of the cultural center ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

區(qū)位

^Location

項目基地位于濟寧市太白湖新區(qū)核心位置，西側(cè)緊鄰太白湖，南側(cè)遠眺北湖生態(tài)旅游區(qū)，周邊自然資源十分優(yōu)越。項目用地緊靠圣賢路與運河路，區(qū)域內(nèi)城市路網(wǎng)交通系統(tǒng)發(fā)達。從區(qū)位上看，5公里都市圈內(nèi)有濟寧行政中心、市民公園、體育中心、城市展覽館、兒童公園等市級重要項目，文化中心的建設(shè)無疑是整體提升城市公共文化水平和城市品牌競爭力的又一個重大舉措。

^{The project base is located in the core location of Taibai Lake New District, Jining City. It is adjacent to Taibai Lake on the west side and overlooks the Beihu Ecological Tourist Zone on the south side. The surrounding natural resources are very superior. The project land is close to Shengxian Road and Canal Road, and the urban road network transportation system in the area is developed. In terms of location, there are important municipal projects such as Jining Administration Center, Civic Park, Sports Center, Urban Exhibition Hall, Children’s Park, etc. within the 5km metropolitan area. The construction of a cultural center is undoubtedly another major measure to improve the overall level of urban public culture and the competitiveness of urban brands.}

^{▲鳥瞰，項目緊鄰太白湖，aerial view of the building close to Taibai Lake?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

^{▲頂視圖，top view ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

景觀與建筑

^{Landscape and Architecture}

高地公園與綠谷

^{Highland Park and Green Valley}

濟寧文化中心一期包含4個獨立場館，場館建筑布局呈南北向“一字”排開，整體風格端莊大方，又展現(xiàn)“和而不同”的設(shè)計理念。在場館建筑帶的東西兩側(cè)以及建筑單體之間是建筑外部環(huán)境，主要由高地公園和綠谷兩部分組成。高地公園位于場館建筑東側(cè)，是一個高6米，南北長約690米，面積達33000平方米的超大平臺，下部為停車庫及配套服務(wù)建筑，它將一期單體建筑和二期商業(yè)建筑群有機地粘合起來，可以講高地公園是建筑之間的一個“共情”空間。綠谷位于場館建筑的西側(cè)，緊靠運河路，大部分人流可以從綠谷進入各個文化建筑。綠谷現(xiàn)狀標高比城市道路略低1米左右，且與太白湖生態(tài)風景區(qū)僅有“一路之隔”，從區(qū)位及視線上來看，文化中心西立面是展現(xiàn)城市形象的重要“窗口”。

^{The first phase of Jining Cultural Center contains 4 independent venues. The layout of the venues is arranged in a north-south direction. The overall style is dignified and generous, and it also shows the design concept of “harmony but different “. The exterior environment of the building is located on the east and west sides of the buildings of the venue and between the building units, which is mainly composed of highland park and green valley. Highland Park is located on the east side of the stadium building. It is a large platform with a height of 6 meters, a length of about 690 meters from north to south, and an area of 33,000 square meters. The lower part is a parking garage and supporting service buildings. It will be a single building in the first phase and a commercial building in the second phase. The groups are organically bonded together, and it can be said that the highland park is a “empathy” space between the buildings. Green Valley is located on the west side of the stadium building, close to Canal Road, and most people can enter various cultural buildings from Green Valley. The current elevation of Green Valley is about 1 meter lower than that of urban roads, and it is only “one road cross” from the Taibai Lake Ecological Scenic Area. From the location and line of sight, the west facade of the Cultural Center is an important “window” to show the image of the city.}

^{▲高地公園鳥瞰，aerial view of the Highland Park ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

在景觀構(gòu)思之初，由于場地特征、功能結(jié)構(gòu)、交通方式、豎向高度的不同，高地公園和綠谷被賦予了不同的設(shè)計策略。文化建筑的主入口被設(shè)置于高地之上，未來高地公園必將是文化建筑和商業(yè)建筑游客的交匯“客廳”，人流的聚合和流動需要較大規(guī)模的場地設(shè)計。同時又由于高地公園依存于地庫建筑之上，植物栽植需要和建筑結(jié)構(gòu)模數(shù)相吻合，因此高地公園被設(shè)計為整體的規(guī)則式景觀。而綠谷則有所不同，它不拘泥于建筑，豎向上突出洼地的綠谷感受，可以充分利用西側(cè)人行道和東側(cè)高地公園的豎向高差，通過地形的整體營造來強調(diào)空間的自由流動、變化以及自然的風致野趣。規(guī)則的高地公園為游客提供了大量隨處可停留的林蔭休憩空間，而綠谷則通過自由組織的空間形態(tài)，分層次地將龐大復(fù)雜的豎向、交通、出入口等全部整合在一起。

^{At the beginning of the landscape conception, highland parks and green valleys were given different design strategies due to differences in site characteristics, functional structure, transportation methods, and vertical heights. The main entrance of the cultural building is set on the high ground. In the future, the highland park will surely be the “l(fā)iving room” for visitors from cultural buildings and commercial buildings. The aggregation and flow of people requires a large-scale site design. At the same time, because the highland park depends on the basement building, the planting needs to be consistent with the building structure modulus, so the highland park is designed as an overall regular landscape. The Green Valley is different. It is not limited to architecture. It vertically protrudes the green valley feeling of the depression. It can make full use of the vertical height difference between the sidewalk on the west side and the highland park on the east side, and through the overall construction of the terrain, the free flow, change and natural style of the space are emphasized. The regular highland park provides visitors with a large number of tree-lined recreational spaces that can stay anywhere, while the green valley integrates the huge and complex vertical, traffic, entrances and exits in a layered manner through a freely organized spatial form.}

^{▲高地公園設(shè)計比較規(guī)整，Highland Park is designed relatively regular ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

^{▲弧線形的綠谷，Green Valley in curved shape ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

高地公園理性的模數(shù)空間和綠谷的自由形態(tài)形成了較強烈的對比，從設(shè)計的效果來看，無論理性還是自由缺一不可，都是建筑個體特征及其群體關(guān)系最佳演變的結(jié)果，也都是建筑自身功能需求造就的結(jié)果。在高地和綠谷之間，也即是理性和自由之間的過渡空間則大膽地“涂抹”綠坡，用自由的大體塊“梭形”坡地的滲透介入來模糊兩者的差異，自然景觀成為了建筑最好的背景，將原本單調(diào)、生硬的建筑邊界揉搓得生動柔和。文化場館既保持著內(nèi)在的結(jié)構(gòu)秩序，又呈現(xiàn)出高地與綠谷、景觀與建筑有機縫合，和諧共生的空間關(guān)系。

^{The rational modular space of the Highland Park and the free form of Green Valley form a strong contrast. From the perspective of the design effect, both rationality and freedom are indispensable, and they are the result of the best evolution of the individual characteristics of the building and its group relationship. It is also the result of the functional requirements of the building itself. Between the highland and the green valley, that is, the transitional space between rationality and freedom, boldly “paint” the green slope, and use the infiltration of a free mass of “shuttle-shaped” slope land to blur the difference between the two, the natural landscape has become the best background for architecture, rubbing the original monotonous and blunt architectural boundaries into vivid and soft. The cultural venues not only maintain the internal structural order, but also present a harmonious and coexisting spatial relationship between highland and green valley, as well as the landscape and architecture.}

^{▲高地公園的鋪裝與綠植有機融合，organic integration of modular fine paving and greening in highland parks ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

景觀角色

^{Landscape role}

在文化中心的景觀設(shè)計中，始終需要面對的問題就是如何看待這些獨特的文化建筑，以及如何處理建筑和景觀的關(guān)系。在E.K.邁耶的一篇隨筆中，他對景觀建筑學中普遍存在而又有害的二元性思維模式做了一個有啟發(fā)性的批評。邁耶認為：“景觀建筑學是一個混合行為，不能把二元性的兩方面作為對立的情況來簡單的描述”。他認為建筑和景觀、文化和自然這些二元的形式是過時的看法，它們在本世紀已經(jīng)最大限度地影響了人們對景觀建筑學的興趣以及對其重要性的認識。文化中心的景觀角色首先定位于對建筑主體地位的認同，其次得益于邁耶對景觀“混合行為”的論述。景觀要避免突顯自我，絕不是通過咄咄逼人的景觀元素，創(chuàng)造一個獨立于建筑的“震撼”效果，這種“震撼”本質(zhì)上就是一種二元性的效果。

^{In the landscape design of the cultural center, the problem that always needs to be faced is how to treat these unique cultural buildings and how to deal with the relationship between architecture and landscape. In an essay by E.K. Meyer, he made an enlightening criticism of the ubiquitous and harmful dualistic thinking mode in landscape architecture. Meyer believes, “Landscape architecture is a mixed behavior, and the two aspects of duality cannot be simply described as opposing situations.” He believes that the dual forms of architecture and landscape, culture and nature are outdated views, and they have greatly influenced people’s interest in landscape architecture and the recognition of its importance in this century. The landscape role of the cultural center is first positioned in the recognition of the main status of the building, and secondly, it benefits from Meyer’s discussion of the “mixed behavior” of the landscape. The landscape should avoid protruding oneself, by no means use aggressive landscape elements to create a “shock” effect independent of the architecture. This “shock” is essentially a duality effect.}

^{▲高地公園中隨處可坐的“共情”空間，the “empathy” rest space where you can sit anywhere in Highland Park ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

文化中心景觀試圖嘗試介入“輕柔”的，且具有生命力的自然景觀來化解基地及建筑彼此間的“矛盾”，通過綠化、坡地、樹陣、臺地等樸素的景觀元素來整合區(qū)域內(nèi)的場地與豎向，使得龐大的人工建筑環(huán)境通過自然元素的滲透和融合得以消解。這種介入方式看起來有點“平淡”，但經(jīng)過精細的細節(jié)處理，產(chǎn)生了一種開放空間尺度層次相宜，動靜功能組合相得益彰，自然和人工交替可持續(xù)的景觀環(huán)境，似乎高標準的創(chuàng)造了景觀與建筑 “和諧共生”的理想場所。

^{The cultural center landscape attempts to intervene in the “soft” and vital natural landscape to resolve the “contradictions” between the base and the building, and integrate the site and the area in the area through simple landscape elements such as greening, slopes, tree arrays, and terraces. By doing this, the huge artificial building environment can be eliminated through the penetration and integration of natural elements. This kind of intervention seems a bit “plain”, but after fine detail processing, an open space is produced with a suitable scale and level. The dynamic and static function combination complements each other. The natural and artificial alternate sustainable landscape environment seems to create an ideal place for “harmonious symbiosis” of landscape and architecture with high standards.}

^{▲充滿生機的綠化景觀，vibrant green landscape ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

北入口與南入口

^{North entrance and south entrance}

由于濟寧市主城區(qū)位于文化中心基地的北面，北入口不僅承接著大量的人流，也是展現(xiàn)文化中心景觀的門戶。景觀布局中將北入口設(shè)置于運河路與圣賢路的交匯處，人流沿運河路往南或從圣賢路往東都能夠便捷的進入文化中心。從北入口往高地公園設(shè)置了一組“L”型大臺階，這個大臺階可以視作北入口往東的延續(xù)，從西面拾級而上的大臺階合理地解決了高地公園北軸“拐頭”的收頭問題。同時大臺階北部坡度較大，將“折型”的無障礙坡道和窄邊臺階、綠化、消防通道等結(jié)合起來，不僅豐富了交通流線，也滿足駐足而坐的休閑功能，豎向高差也得到了合理過渡。為避免大臺階和平臺過于“生硬”，景觀在大臺階中下部還置入了一塊規(guī)則的大草坪以及文化中心的LOGO標識弧墻，這極大地增強了視覺導向，豐富了空間體驗。

^{Since the main city of Jining is located to the north of the cultural center base, the north entrance not only carries a large number of people, but is also a gateway to the cultural center landscape. In the landscape layout, the north entrance is set at the intersection of Yunhe Road and Shengxian Road. People can easily enter the cultural center along the Yunhe Road to the south or east from Shengxian Road. A set of “L”-shaped large steps are set up from the north entrance to the highland park. This large step can be regarded as a continuation of the north entrance to the east. The large steps up from the west can reasonably solve the problem of the north axis of the highland park. “The ending question. At the same time, the northern slope of the large steps is relatively large. The “fold-shaped” barrier-free ramp and narrow side steps, greening, and fire-fighting channels are combined, which not only enriches the traffic flow, but also satisfies the leisure function of stopping and sitting. The difference also got a reasonable transition. In order to avoid the large steps and platforms from being too “stiff”, a regular large lawn and the LOGO arc wall of the cultural center are placed in the middle and lower parts of the large steps, which greatly enhances the visual orientation and enriches the spatial experience.}

^{▲承接大量人流的北入口廣場與大臺階，the north entrance plaza and large steps that carry a large number of people ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

^{▲入口大臺階與弧形LOGO墻，Large steps at the north entrance and curved LOGO wall ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

^{▲弧形LOGO墻細部，detail of the curved LOGO wall ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

南入口是連接高地公園和南面美術(shù)館、雕塑公園的重要節(jié)點，主要由大臺階、景觀步行橋、消防坡道組成。游客可通過臺階便捷地從高地公園進入美術(shù)館或雕塑公園，也可以從景觀步行橋緩緩進入，步行橋橋面離地較高，是欣賞雕塑公園美景和美術(shù)館荷狀起伏屋頂?shù)淖罴选坝^景平臺”。

^{The south entrance is an important node connecting the Highland Park with the South Art Museum and Sculpture Park. It is mainly composed of large steps, landscape pedestrian bridges, and fire ramps. Visitors can easily enter the art gallery or sculpture park from the highland park through the steps, or slowly enter from the landscape pedestrian bridge. The pedestrian bridge is higher than the ground, which is the best way to enjoy the beautiful scenery of the sculpture park and the lotus-shaped roof of the museum “Viewing platform”.}

^{▲連接博物館的南入口處高地公園，Highland Park connecting to the museum at the south entrance ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

臺地上的中軸

^{Bottom axis on the platform}

由于高地公園的面積較大，東、西兩翼商業(yè)建筑和文化場館并列布置，這些建筑在高地上均設(shè)有人行主要或多重的出入口，因此高地公園是人流如織的交匯客廳。景觀從交通可達性以及建筑功能的角度出發(fā)，沿南北向設(shè)置了一條11.2米寬的景觀中軸，和中軸垂直的是種植模數(shù)統(tǒng)一的行列式綠化帶。主導方向的中軸串聯(lián)起各個建筑前的主入口廣場，而垂直方向的行列式綠化帶則可以將人流滲透到高地的角角落落，這樣不僅合理地解決了人流動線問題，同時也兼顧到消防通道和消防登高面的設(shè)置。中軸兩側(cè)種植有雙排林蔭法桐，結(jié)合兩側(cè)的櫸樹樹陣，軸線更顯“儀式感”。禮儀的中軸、凸顯建筑的入口廣場、各自成組的雨洪花園，這些高地上各成一景的空間劃分十分明確、理性，但功能和形態(tài)又是豐富和緊湊的，同時“曠”的廣場與“奧”的雨洪花園，也順理成章地形成了高地景觀 “開、合”的空間序列。

^{Due to the large area of the Highland Park, the east and west wings of the commercial buildings and cultural venues are arranged side by side. These buildings have main or multiple entrances and exits on the highlands. Therefore, the Highland Park is a living room where people flow like weaving. From the perspective of traffic accessibility and architectural functions, the landscape has a central axis of 11.2 meters wide along the north-south direction, and perpendicular to the central axis is a row-like green belt with uniform planting modules. The central axis of the dominant direction connects the main entrance plaza in front of each building in series, and the vertical row of green belts can penetrate the flow of people to the corners of the high ground, which not only reasonably solves the problem of the flow of people, but also takes into account The setting of fire escape and fire climbing surface. On both sides of the central axis are planted double rows of tree-shaded paulownia, combined with the beech tree array on both sides, the axis is more “ritual”. The central axis of etiquette, the entrance square that highlights the building, and the rainwater gardens in groups. The space divisions on these high grounds are very clear and rational, but the functions and forms are rich and compact, and at the same time “open” squares. The rainwater garden with ” plentiful” also naturally formed a spatial sequence of “opening and closing” of the highland landscape.}

^{▲連接不同場館的景觀軸線，landscape axis connecting different pavilions ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

擴展的人行道

^{Extended sidewalk}

基地西側(cè)運河路是南北向城市主干道，沿著這條主干道可以畫卷般呈現(xiàn)氣勢如虹的場館建筑及其景觀環(huán)境。景觀設(shè)計注意到一般標準設(shè)置的人行道只能解決單一的人行交通功能，不能為市民提供觀賞“畫卷”的駐足場所。因此運河路人行道被拓展至綠谷的邊緣，以開敞、視線通透的硬質(zhì)景觀為主，打開了從運河路沿線欣賞文化中心西面風景的寬闊視野。同時人行道的“邊緣”借助流線型的臺階和豎向設(shè)計，將綠谷的洼地特征進一步表現(xiàn)的淋漓盡致。

^{The Canal Road on the west side of the site is the main road to the north-south city. Along this main road, you can show the imposing stadium buildings and landscape environment like a rainbow. The landscape design noticed that the sidewalk set by the general standard can only solve a single pedestrian traffic function, and cannot provide a place for citizens to stop and watch the “picture scroll”. Therefore, the sidewalk of the Canal Road is extended to the edge of the Green Valley, which is dominated by an open and transparent hard landscape, which opens up a broad view of the west side of the cultural center from along the Canal Road. At the same time, the “edge” of the sidewalk uses streamlined steps and vertical design to further express the characteristics of the depression of the Green Valley.}

^{▲人行道邊緣流線型的臺階設(shè)計表現(xiàn)洼地特征，curved steps on the edge of the pedestrian enhancing the characteristics of the green valley ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

^{▲人行道邊供人休息的硬質(zhì)座椅，seatings at the sides of the pedestrian for people to rest ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

場館入口及交通

^{Venue entrance and traffic}

濟寧文化中心場館建筑都具備主次入口，以及多用途、多豎向的支入口，這是公共建筑普遍的特點。景觀不僅關(guān)注于協(xié)調(diào)好建筑各個入口的銜接處理，也注重游客活動行為的開展。因此在主要出入口處都布置了較大面積的廣場或場地來疏散大人流，并通過適當?shù)脑炀皝韯?chuàng)造有活力的多功能城市“前場”空間。而小入口則注重空間的歸屬感，提供安靜、休閑、舒適的“后場”氛圍?；貎?nèi)實現(xiàn)人車分流，地面主要以步行交通為主，所有車輛均通過高地公園南北車行入口進入停車庫。游客可以從停車庫直接進入場館，又或者通過下沉花園或庭院進入高地和綠谷。

^{The venue buildings of Jining Cultural Center have primary and secondary entrances, as well as multi-purpose and multi-vertical branch entrances, which are common features of public buildings. The landscape not only focuses on coordinating the connection processing of the various entrances of the building, but also focuses on the development of tourist activities. Therefore, large squares or venues are arranged at the main entrances and exits to evacuate the flow of large crowds, and appropriate landscaping is used to create a vibrant multifunctional urban “front court” space. The small entrance focuses on the sense of belonging of the space, providing a quiet, casual and comfortable “backcourt” atmosphere. Pedestrians and vehicles are separated in the base. The ground is mainly pedestrian traffic. All vehicles enter the parking garage through the entrance of the north-south carriageway of the Highland Park. Visitors can enter the venue directly from the parking garage, or enter the high ground and green valley through the sunken garden or courtyard.}

^{▲場地內(nèi)人車分流，the pedestrian and vehicle are separated in the site ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

沿圣賢路和運河路設(shè)置了少量室外機動車停車場，并配備了出租車候車區(qū)和自行車停車區(qū)。基地內(nèi)不設(shè)置標準的機動車道，為了滿足建筑消防、管理等需求，景觀進行了非標的車行道設(shè)計，通過自由形態(tài)的組織，將車行道和消防登高面等要求巧妙地演繹在園路、廣場、硬質(zhì)場地中，最終形成一體化的景觀效果。同時借助非標的車道體系，綠谷開辟了VIP車行流線，從運河路可以快捷的到達各個場館建筑主入口，并在入口處靈活配備了VIP臨時停車位。

^{A small number of outdoor motor vehicle parking lots are set up along Shengxian Road and Canal Road, as well as taxi waiting areas and bicycle parking areas. There is no standard motor vehicle lane in the base. In order to meet the needs of building fire protection and management, non-standard roadway design is carried out in the landscape. Through free-form organization, the requirements of the roadway and fire climbing surface are ingeniously interpreted in the park road. , Squares, and hard grounds, eventually forming an integrated landscape effect. At the same time, with the help of a non-standard lane system, Green Valley has opened up a VIP vehicle flow line, which can quickly reach the main entrance of each stadium building from the Canal Road, and is flexibly equipped with VIP temporary parking spaces at the entrance.}

^{▲消防坡道，fire fighting slope ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

海綿城市

^{Sponge city}

本項目響應(yīng)國家海綿城市建設(shè)的要求，結(jié)合濟寧市的降雨量、景觀條件等因素，通過雨洪花園、自然的坡地、下沉綠地、柔性透水瀝青、生態(tài)樹池、植草溝等海綿城市工程型措施，對雨水進行滲透、收集（含分流）、過濾、儲存、釋放（使用），來構(gòu)建海綿城市-低影響開發(fā)雨水系統(tǒng)。通過自然和人工等方式，以盡量控制場地內(nèi)全年降水（75%以上）不外排為設(shè)計原則。

^{This project responds to the requirements of the national sponge city construction, combined with factors such as rainfall and landscape conditions in Jining City, through rainwater gardens, natural slopes, sinking green spaces, flexible permeable asphalt, ecological tree ponds, planting ditch and other sponge city engineering types Measures to infiltrate, collect (including diversion), filter, store, and release (use) rainwater to build a sponge city-low-impact development rainwater system. Through natural and artificial methods, the design principle is to control the annual precipitation (over 75%) in the site as far as possible.}

^{▲綠谷圖書館主入口處的水池，pool at the main entrance of the Green Valley Library ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

自然坡地

^{Natural slope}

高地公園與綠谷之間豎向有6米高差，利用這個高差形成的自然坡地是雨水和地表徑流對土壤滲透的最佳場所，大面積可滲透的生態(tài)自然坡地將景觀和生態(tài)、環(huán)保完美地結(jié)合起來。自然坡地主要分布在場館建筑的南北“間隙”中，這樣一方面區(qū)隔了各個獨立的場館，為場館分別建立了自然“緩沖區(qū)”；另一方面綠坡和建筑交錯，就仿佛一幅“青山郭外斜”的山水城市畫卷。坡地地形大部分采取土丘自然放坡，在個別坡地較陡處通過隱形植草格固坡。由于土坡體積較大，在土丘的基礎(chǔ)部分采用了局部空腔結(jié)構(gòu)和分層土壤夯實技術(shù)?？涨唤Y(jié)構(gòu)緊靠場館建筑邊界布置，內(nèi)部空間較大，不僅可以進行空間再利用，將影響美觀的配套管理用房、設(shè)備用房（如水處理、地源熱泵）等置入其中，同時也消除了覆土荷載側(cè)推力對場館建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。

^{There is a vertical height difference of 6 meters between the Highland Park and the Green Valley. The natural slope formed by this height difference is the best place for rainwater and surface runoff to infiltrate the soil. The large area of permeable ecological natural slope will improve the landscape, ecology and environmental protection. Perfectly combined. Natural slopes are mainly distributed in the “gap” between the north and the south of the stadium building. On the one hand, the independent stadiums are separated and a natural “buffer” is established for the stadiums; The landscape and city picture of “Qingshan Guo oblique”. Most of the sloping terrain adopts natural sloping of mounds, and invisible grasses are used to stabilize the slopes at the steeper parts of individual slopes. Due to the large volume of the soil slope, a local cavity structure and layered soil compaction technology are used in the foundation part of the soil mound. The cavity structure is arranged close to the building boundary of the stadium, and the internal space is large. It can not only reuse the space, but also put in the aesthetic-affecting supporting management rooms and equipment rooms (such as water treatment, ground source heat pump), etc. The influence of the lateral thrust of the covering soil load on the building structure of the stadium.}

^{▲自然坡地局部鳥瞰，aerial view of partial of the natural slopes ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

^{▲自然坡地在場館之間建立緩沖區(qū)，natural slopes creating buffer area between pavilions ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

^{▲自然坡地上的望湖臺，Wanghu terrace on the slope ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

雨洪花園

^{Rainwater Garden}

高地公園景觀面積為33000平方米，共設(shè)有五處雨洪花園（面積約16300平方米），用于收集來自廣場、場地、屋頂?shù)挠晁?。雨洪花園通過生態(tài)工程的技術(shù)手段，全面實施了海綿城市“滲、滯、蓄、凈、用、排”的六字方針。

^{The highland park has a landscape area of 33,000 square meters, and there are five rainwater gardens (about 16,300 square meters) for collecting rainwater from the square, site, and roof. Yuhong Garden has fully implemented the six-character policy of “seepage, retention, storage, purification, use, and drainage” of the sponge city through the technical means of ecological engineering.}

^{▲雨洪公園，rainwater gardens ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

廣闊的高地公園進行了全方位的雨水排水分區(qū)，大面積場地通過多段豎向放坡，在縱向坡底用隱形排水溝將地表雨水導入雨洪花園中。雨洪花園作為雨水滯留入滲區(qū)，土壤構(gòu)造中設(shè)置有過濾涵養(yǎng)砂石層和上下雙層盲管，上層盲管用于在土壤中釋放收集來的地表水，下層盲管用于搜集經(jīng)過沙濾層過濾后多余的雨水。同時在雨洪花園設(shè)置了8個地下蓄水模塊（可蓄水417立方米），用于儲存雨洪花園過濾后的多余雨水，以供后期的綠化澆灌使用。

^{The expansive highland park has carried out a full range of rainwater drainage zoning. A large area of the site is placed through multiple vertical slopes, and invisible drainage ditches at the bottom of the longitudinal slope are used to direct surface rainwater into the rainwater garden. The rainwater garden is used as a rainwater retention and infiltration zone. The soil structure is equipped with a filtering and conserving sand and gravel layer and upper and lower double blind pipes. The upper blind pipe is used to release the collected surface water in the soil, and the lower blind pipe is used to collect the sand filter layer. Excess rainwater after filtering. At the same time, 8 underground water storage modules (which can store 417 cubic meters of water) are set up in the rainwater garden to store the excess rainwater filtered by the rainwater garden for later green watering.}

^{▲雨洪花園局部，part of the rainwater garden ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

為保證植被的良好生長。整個雨洪花園建筑結(jié)構(gòu)降板1.5至2米，以滿足大喬木種植覆土厚度的要求。為保證雨洪花園良好的滲水性，雨洪花園區(qū)域的地表場地結(jié)構(gòu)板統(tǒng)一通過2.8米模數(shù)間距的立柱落在負2米的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)梁板上。這樣雨洪花園內(nèi)的土壤是相通的，不僅便于植物根系生長，也使得雨洪花園通過整體性來保證城市海綿的實用性。為保證雨洪花園硬質(zhì)鋪裝的透水性，結(jié)構(gòu)板根據(jù)鋪裝模數(shù)縱向留縫5厘米，對應(yīng)石材鋪裝縱向留縫1厘米，這樣進一步解決了硬質(zhì)場地上雨水下滲的問題。

^{To ensure the good growth of vegetation. The entire Yuhong Garden building structure drops 1.5 to 2 meters in order to meet the requirements of the thickness of soil covering for large trees. In order to ensure the good water permeability of the Yuhong Garden, the ground surface structural slabs in the Yuhong Garden area are uniformly dropped on the building structural beams of minus 2 meters through the columns with a modular spacing of 2.8 meters. In this way, the soil in the rainwater garden is connected, which not only facilitates the growth of plant roots, but also enables the rainwater garden to ensure the practicability of urban sponges through integrity. In order to ensure the water permeability of the hard pavement of the rainwater garden, the structural panel has 5 cm longitudinal seams according to the paving modulus, and 1 cm longitudinal seams corresponding to the stone pavement, which further solves the problem of rainwater seepage on the hard ground.}

^{▲雨洪公園中茂盛的植物，lush plants in the rainwater garden ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

生態(tài)植草溝

^{Ecological planting ditch}

綠谷作為洼地是文化中心地勢最低的地方，場地鋪裝全部采用柔性的透水瀝青，高低起伏的整體塑形路面更有利于排水和滲水。同時在最低洼處布置了一條600米長，2米寬，0.5米深的植草溝，用以匯集全綠谷的雨水。植草溝可蓄水600 立方米，溝內(nèi)雨水飽和后，可通過溢水井排入市政雨水管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)，以達到“慢排緩釋”的目的。植草溝種植了多樣性的濕生植物，豐富了景觀層次和效果。

^{As a depression, Green Valley is the lowest place in the cultural center. The pavement of the site is all made of flexible permeable asphalt. The undulating overall shape of the road is more conducive to drainage and water seepage. At the same time, a 600-meter-long, 2-meter-wide, and 0.5-meter-deep grass ditch was arranged at the lowest depression to collect rainwater from the entire green valley. The planting ditch can store 600 cubic meters of water. After the rainwater in the ditch is saturated, it can be discharged into the municipal rainwater pipe network system through the overflow well to achieve the purpose of “slow discharge and slow release”. Zhicaogou is planted with diverse wet plants, which enriches the landscape level and effect.}

^{▲綠谷低處設(shè)置生態(tài)植草溝匯集雨水，ecological planting ditch at the lower side of the green valley collecting rainwater ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

生態(tài)樹池

^{Ecological tree pond}

生態(tài)樹池是對傳統(tǒng)樹池的填料進行改造，使之具有蓄存雨水、污染物去除等功能的設(shè)施。本項目樹池均采用生態(tài)綠化種植樹池，鼓勵雨水滲透，也相應(yīng)降低了投資成本。

^{The ecological tree pond is a facility that transforms the filler of the traditional tree pond so that it can store rainwater and remove pollutants. The tree ponds of this project adopt ecological greening planting tree ponds to encourage rainwater infiltration and correspondingly reduce investment costs.}

^{▲生態(tài)樹池，ecological tree pond ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

景觀用水

^{Water for landscape using}

本項目綠化采用自動噴灌和滴灌相組合的澆灌系統(tǒng)，以減少人工維護和用水量，并且水源均采用收集的雨水（當雨水不足時，可切換城市中水系統(tǒng)）。由于景觀水景對水質(zhì)要求較高，因此在坡地下空腔結(jié)構(gòu)中設(shè)置了水處理用房，用設(shè)備進行物理處理。這樣不僅水質(zhì)能得到保證，水資源也可以重復(fù)利用。

^{The greening of this project adopts a watering system that combines automatic sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation to reduce manual maintenance and water consumption, and the water source uses collected rainwater (when rainwater is insufficient, the urban reclaimed water system can be switched). As the landscape waterscape requires high water quality, a water treatment room is set up in the slope underground cavity structure, and equipment is used for physical treatment. In this way, not only water quality can be guaranteed, but water resources can also be reused.}

^{▲景觀水池和河道，landscape pools and rivers ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

^{▲水景細部，closer view of the waterscape ?LDG/熊世寶、肖滔、何深華}

結(jié)語

^Conclusion

濟寧文化中心一期景觀在深刻解讀規(guī)劃結(jié)構(gòu)、建筑特點的基礎(chǔ)之上，實施了各具特色的高地公園、綠谷的景觀塑造，并通過整體的豎向設(shè)計，全面完整地重構(gòu)了建筑的在地關(guān)系。同時用海綿城市的理念，將生態(tài)工程技術(shù)融入到景觀設(shè)計當中，使得該項目無論對空間結(jié)構(gòu)、交通體系、環(huán)境氛圍、生態(tài)持續(xù)等景觀自身理念的多元兼顧，還是在景觀和這些“唯一性”的世界級建筑之間的空間融合等方面都取得了合諧共生，有機縫合的整體關(guān)系。

^{On the basis of a profound interpretation of the planning structure and architectural characteristics, the landscape of Jining Cultural Center Phase I implemented the landscape modeling of distinctive highland parks and green valleys, and through the overall vertical design, the building was completely reconstructed. Local relations. At the same time, the concept of sponge city is used to integrate ecological engineering technology into the landscape design, so that the project will not only take into account the diversity of the landscape itself such as spatial structure, transportation system, environmental atmosphere, and ecological sustainability, but also in the landscape and these “uniqueness”. The space fusion between the world-class buildings in China has achieved an overall relationship of “harmonious symbiosis, organically stitching”.}