美國“文化交匯口”將波特蘭日本花園改造為文化交流場所 | Walker Macy

“波特蘭日本花園是擁有50多年歷史的著名景觀勝地。在經(jīng)歷了一次擴(kuò)建之后，花園內(nèi)的新舊元素被完美地融合在一起。景觀設(shè)計(jì)師并未簡單地選擇保護(hù)的策略，而是將日本的傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)與現(xiàn)代材料進(jìn)行了結(jié)合。繼承了家傳技藝的石匠利用當(dāng)?shù)氐幕◢弾r為花園打造出城堡般的墻壁。重新規(guī)劃的入口和到達(dá)路徑沿著蜿蜒的林間小路沿著坡地上升了90英尺的高度，最終抵達(dá)由隈研吾設(shè)計(jì)的一系列亭閣。這些亭閣的屋頂均種有綠植，并搭配以雨水滯留和再循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，保證了新花園能夠一直延續(xù)到未來?！?/p>

– 2020年評審委員會(huì)

^{“Within the Portland Japanese Garden—already a celebrated set of landscapes more than five decades old—an expansion blends together new and old seamlessly. Yet instead of simply adopting a preservation strategy, the landscape architects employed traditional Japanese techniques with contemporary materials; stonemasons with a long lineage produced the garden’s castle-like walls using local granite. A freshly choreographed entry and arrival sequence gently ascends 90 feet of grade along an accessible wooded switchback pathway to arrive at a sublime set of pavilions designed by Kengo Kuma; these feature planted rooftops alongside stormwater retention and recirculation systems that promise to sustain the new gardens well into the future.”}

^{– 2020 Awards Jury}

項(xiàng)目概述

^{PROJECT STATEMENT}

文化交匯口是一個(gè)積極鼓勵(lì)跨文化交流與實(shí)踐學(xué)習(xí)的場所。雖然波特蘭日本花園已經(jīng)是一個(gè)足夠著名的地標(biāo)，且被認(rèn)為是日本以外最正宗的日式庭園之一，此次的擴(kuò)建工作仍然在很大程度上相異于傳統(tǒng)日本花園的設(shè)計(jì)。文化交匯口創(chuàng)造了一種將生態(tài)原則、高性能可持續(xù)技術(shù)與現(xiàn)代日式設(shè)計(jì)美學(xué)相融合的環(huán)境，為廣受社會(huì)認(rèn)可的世界級教育項(xiàng)目提供了背景。文化交匯口通過其優(yōu)雅而現(xiàn)代的空間恢復(fù)了曾經(jīng)受到?jīng)_擊的、地質(zhì)復(fù)雜的景觀，為日本文化和技藝的學(xué)習(xí)營造出一個(gè)沉浸式的互動(dòng)環(huán)境。

^{The Cultural Crossing project is a place of inspired intercultural exchange and dynamic hands-on learning. While the project is an expansion of the existing Portland Japanese Garden, already a celebrated landmark known as one of the most authentic Japanese gardens outside of Japan, it diverges significantly from traditional Japanese garden design. Cultural Crossing creates a setting in which ecological principles and high-performance sustainable techniques blend with the aesthetics of modern Japanese design, and become the backdrop for a socially dynamic, world-class educational program. The elegant, contemporary spaces of the Cultural Crossing also restored the impacted, geologically complex landscapes of the site, and transformed the space into an immersive and interactive environment to learn about Japanese culture and craft.}

^{▲文化交匯口項(xiàng)目涵蓋了3.4公頃的新空間，包括一個(gè)新的入口亭閣、池塘和重新規(guī)劃的、通往中央廣場的入口路徑。廣場周圍分布著三座新建筑，以及一系列花園空間、露臺(tái)和步道。Cultural Crossing: Cultural Crossing includes 3.4 acres of new spaces, including a new entry pavilion, pond, and redeveloped entry path that ascends to a central plaza flanked by three new buildings, numerous garden spaces, terraces, and paths.}

項(xiàng)目說明

^{PROJECT NARRATIVE}

位置和場地范圍

“文化交匯口”鑲嵌在華盛頓公園內(nèi)的一處綠樹成蔭的坡地上。該公園包含眾多旅游景點(diǎn)，并且有著重要的歷史意義?！拔幕粎R口”項(xiàng)目占地3.4英畝，包括一個(gè)新的入口亭閣、池塘以及重新規(guī)劃的到達(dá)路徑。其中，到達(dá)路徑一路上生至中央廣場，廣場周圍坐落著三座新建筑，提供了多樣化的室內(nèi)和室外空間，作為教學(xué)、集會(huì)和演講的場所。場地跨越了90英尺高的垂直距離，令“文化交匯口”成為華盛頓公園森林頂端的、環(huán)境幽靜的藝術(shù)和文化體驗(yàn)場所。具有視覺沖擊力的景觀設(shè)計(jì)被融入到針對復(fù)雜場地條件而提出的解決方案當(dāng)中，同時(shí)結(jié)合了地質(zhì)、雨水和可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)方面的功能。

重構(gòu)日本花園

在我們不斷擴(kuò)張的全球化世界里，“文化交匯口”以一種前所未有的方式重新定義了傳統(tǒng)日式園林的作用：除了提供沉思式的花園體驗(yàn)之外，還扮演著一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的教育、闡釋和多元文化的中心。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一大膽的提議，景觀設(shè)計(jì)師將當(dāng)代日本設(shè)計(jì)、西方的場地開發(fā)模式以及對環(huán)境高度敏感的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建造方法進(jìn)行了融合。在該項(xiàng)目中，花園本身對于保護(hù)日本園藝傳統(tǒng)所起到的作用甚至超過了博物館建筑，因其融合了現(xiàn)代的設(shè)計(jì)理念與環(huán)境敏感的開發(fā)方式，同時(shí)還為游客提供了學(xué)習(xí)日本藝術(shù)與文化的機(jī)會(huì)。項(xiàng)目還強(qiáng)調(diào)了無障礙設(shè)計(jì)，在改善游客體驗(yàn)的同時(shí)，展示了以公平方式實(shí)現(xiàn)文化交流的重要性。重新定義游客體驗(yàn)

重新營造游客體驗(yàn)

改造的首要內(nèi)容是建立明確的到達(dá)次序。在原來，游客需要穿越停車場、馬路和服務(wù)庭院進(jìn)入場地。在重新設(shè)計(jì)之后，客人們從旅程的一開始便能夠收獲到豐富的體驗(yàn)，并隨著空間的序列逐步深入場地。在山腳下，新建立的Tanabe歡迎中心（Tanabe Welcome Center）提供了更加正式和吸引人的入口。游客們可以經(jīng)由人行道穿越森林峽谷和跌落式的雨水花園，最終到達(dá)頂部的文化村（Cultural Village）。

文化交流與教育場所

文化村由三座新建筑和中央的Tateuchi庭院廣場構(gòu)成。這三座建筑分別是漂浮在峽谷之上的Umami茶館、容納了Tanabe畫廊、多功能教室、花園禮品店及Vollum圖書館的村屋（Village House），以及容納了手工坊、工作室和管理人寓所的花園屋（Garden House）。庭院的外緣隨處可見傳統(tǒng)日本庭園的設(shè)計(jì)元素，包括盆栽露臺(tái)、Tsuboniwa花園和石砌圍墻等，使開放空間成為設(shè)計(jì)中的亮點(diǎn)。一系列全新的空間為各種課程、培訓(xùn)和活動(dòng)的舉辦創(chuàng)造了條件。此外，文化村還增設(shè)了包括講座、研討會(huì)和園藝課程在內(nèi)的一系列教學(xué)計(jì)劃。建筑物的設(shè)計(jì)充分尊重了景觀，試圖與自然環(huán)境充分交融。室內(nèi)外空間的緊密連接為游客帶來通透而流暢的沉浸式體驗(yàn)，同時(shí)能夠很好地適應(yīng)各類文化活動(dòng)和課程對場所的不同要求。

傳統(tǒng)安裝方法與當(dāng)代材料相結(jié)合

雖然空間的設(shè)計(jì)都具有明顯的現(xiàn)代特征，項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)還是盡可能地結(jié)合了傳統(tǒng)的施工和安裝方法，以強(qiáng)調(diào)古代記憶與現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)背景的持續(xù)關(guān)聯(lián)。景觀設(shè)計(jì)師、設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)成員和承包商所面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)是，如何將傳統(tǒng)的方法恰當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)化為適合建造的前沿項(xiàng)目。為了維持庭園區(qū)域內(nèi)既有的日本傳統(tǒng)特征，“文化交匯口”選擇了產(chǎn)自本地的材料和植物，其中石頭等材料均是從當(dāng)?shù)刭Y源中經(jīng)由人工挑選。位于廣場西緣的中世紀(jì)城堡圍墻是結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代方法的一個(gè)值得注意的例子：它是由一位日本傳統(tǒng)石匠（第15代傳人）使用當(dāng)?shù)爻鐾恋臇|俄勒岡貝克藍(lán)色花崗巖砌筑而成。

地質(zhì)和環(huán)境影響

環(huán)境管理是該項(xiàng)目的一個(gè)統(tǒng)一主題，而場地本身在環(huán)境和地質(zhì)上的復(fù)雜程度也讓文化交匯點(diǎn)成為了創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)及場地開發(fā)方式的典范。由綠色屋頂、雨水收集和本土花園構(gòu)成的系統(tǒng)將各個(gè)空間連接在一起，最大程度地降低了地質(zhì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、提高了水質(zhì)，同時(shí)讓游客們意識(shí)到自身在保護(hù)自然環(huán)境方面所肩負(fù)的責(zé)任和作用。

一部分平臺(tái)、花園和建筑物被建造在曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過滑坡的地點(diǎn)，其布局旨在盡可能地減少地層移動(dòng)帶來的影響，并防止滑坡速度的增加。團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)了一個(gè)全面的雨水收集系統(tǒng)，以限制可能加速滑坡的雨水滲透，同時(shí)利用收集到的水創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)額外的雨水花園展示區(qū)，作為貫穿場地的季節(jié)性特色景觀。

文化交匯口被華盛頓公園廣闊的自然環(huán)境所包圍，在一個(gè)多世紀(jì)的人類介入過程中，公園的環(huán)境受到了開發(fā)和物種侵入帶來的嚴(yán)重影響。在開發(fā)之前，茂密的森林為西山的陡坡提供了穩(wěn)固的支撐；在經(jīng)過砍伐和開發(fā)后，項(xiàng)目所在場地已經(jīng)被化為城市的環(huán)境保護(hù)區(qū)之一。設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)將開發(fā)重點(diǎn)放在了曾經(jīng)受到干擾的區(qū)域，包括原先的維護(hù)及運(yùn)營設(shè)施所在的位置。景觀設(shè)計(jì)師清除了場地中的入侵物種，栽種了新的植物以恢復(fù)森林生態(tài)，同時(shí)保留了場地中較為重要的樹木。嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)谋尘翱辈旃ぷ骱蛯Νh(huán)境敏感原則的重視最終讓一系列空間得以與太平洋西北道格拉斯冷杉林無縫地相融。

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)還尋找機(jī)會(huì)探索和測試新型環(huán)?？沙掷m(xù)技術(shù)和材料。村屋和花園屋安裝的綠色屋頂系統(tǒng)在美國還屬首例。該系統(tǒng)是與一家日本公司合作開發(fā)，采用了由織物染色設(shè)施廢料制成的鋪磚。這種鋪磚具有優(yōu)秀的透水性和保水性，可以為種滿景天屬植物的屋頂提供理想的基底，同時(shí)保持與整體項(xiàng)目相適應(yīng)的超薄外觀。綠色屋頂同時(shí)也從視覺上直觀地展現(xiàn)了項(xiàng)目中大范圍使用的雨水處理系統(tǒng)。雨水輸送和處理的過程被開放地呈現(xiàn)在整個(gè)擴(kuò)建區(qū)域當(dāng)中，以一種具有驚人美感的方式減少了水污染帶來的負(fù)面影響，同時(shí)還能最大程度地降低滑坡區(qū)域的水分滲入。

合作

文化交匯口的多文化、跨學(xué)科設(shè)計(jì)及活動(dòng)的舉辦和運(yùn)營團(tuán)隊(duì)本身就具備了國際性和跨學(xué)科的特征。景觀設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)由庭園主管和景觀設(shè)計(jì)公司組成，合作者包括當(dāng)?shù)氐慕ㄖ熞约叭毡窘ㄖ焾F(tuán)隊(duì)、庭園工作人員以及公共機(jī)構(gòu)相關(guān)人員等。來自波特蘭和東京的成員共同參與了項(xiàng)目。在整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)過程中，當(dāng)?shù)鼐坝^設(shè)計(jì)公司與庭園主管建立了穩(wěn)固的合作關(guān)系，使傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和技術(shù)能夠充分適應(yīng)于當(dāng)?shù)氐脑O(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范以及最優(yōu)的可持續(xù)實(shí)踐方法。

為客戶和其他設(shè)計(jì)者帶來的價(jià)值

將傳統(tǒng)日本庭園改造為文化互動(dòng)與實(shí)踐型學(xué)習(xí)的場所，無疑需要具備前瞻性的眼光；同時(shí)，高度敏感的場地也需要一個(gè)在環(huán)境層面上足夠先進(jìn)的解決方案。對于波特蘭日本花園而言，文化交匯口項(xiàng)目有效地增加了機(jī)構(gòu)的訪問量，并再次證明了其作為國際公認(rèn)的文化中心所保有的領(lǐng)先地位及榮譽(yù)。對于設(shè)計(jì)師而言，文化交匯口項(xiàng)目提供了一個(gè)以設(shè)計(jì)為導(dǎo)向、以場所為基礎(chǔ)的將日本設(shè)計(jì)融入當(dāng)代環(huán)境的范例。綜合性的水處理和巖土工程設(shè)計(jì)使設(shè)施足以維持一整代人的使用，展現(xiàn)了環(huán)境創(chuàng)新在一個(gè)氣候和社會(huì)都發(fā)生著重大變化的時(shí)代所發(fā)揮的作用。

^{▲場地平面圖：在經(jīng)過重新設(shè)計(jì)之后，游客們從旅程的一開始便能夠收獲到豐富的體驗(yàn)，并隨著空間的序列逐步深入場地。Site Plan: The design transformation creates a rich continuous visitor experience from the initial arrival, consistently articulated through every element of the sequence.}

^{▲到達(dá)路徑：“文化交匯口”鑲嵌在波特蘭西山華盛頓公園內(nèi)的一處綠樹成蔭的坡地上。Arrival Sequence: Cultural Crossing is nestled into forested slopes of historic Washington Park in Portland’s west hills.}

^{▲解決地質(zhì)條件帶來的挑戰(zhàn)：一部分平臺(tái)、花園和建筑物被建造在曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過滑坡的地點(diǎn)?；炷涟迳箱佋O(shè)了一層沙子，并留出了足夠?qū)挼纳炜s縫隙，使鋪裝可以隨著地面而彎曲。Working with Geological Challenges: Partially located on a historic landslide, the terraces, gardens, and buildings are organized to work with the slide. Pavers are sand set on a concrete slab with large expansion joints, so that paving can flex as the ground shifts.}

^{▲綜合雨水處理系統(tǒng)：完整而美觀的雨水管理系統(tǒng)旨在限制可能加速滑坡的雨水滲透，游客在森林中攀升的過程中將穿越不同類型的雨水花園和景觀。Integrated Stormwater System: The complete system of beautiful stormwater management elements designed to limit infiltration that may hasten the slide, accompanies visitors as they ascend through the forest, traversing the varied stormwater gardens and features.}

^{▲Tanabe游客中心：游客們會(huì)首先進(jìn)入游客中心處的雨水花園。Tanabe Welcome Center: Visitors are first introduced to the stormwater treatment gardens at the Tanabe Welcome Center.}

^{▲Tanabe雨水花園：在深入路徑的過程中，游客會(huì)遇見一系列相互聯(lián)系的可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)元素，包括雨水處理景觀、種植著本地植物的花園和綠色屋頂?shù)?。它們將不同空間連接在一起，同時(shí)提醒著他們對于環(huán)境的責(zé)任。Tanada Stormwater Garden: When visitors ascend the path, they encounter a combination of linked approaches to sustainable design including stormwater features, native gardens, and green roofs that tie the spaces together and remind visitors of our responsibility to our environment.}

^{▲以景觀為重點(diǎn): 建筑物的設(shè)計(jì)充分尊重了花園環(huán)境，與周圍的自然景觀融為一體。Landscape is the Focus: The architectural design of the buildings is deferential to the garden – blending into the natural surroundings.}

^{▲測試綠色屋頂材料：屋頂花園采用了由織物染色設(shè)施廢料制成的鋪磚，在美國還屬首例。Testing a Green Roofing Material: Tiles made from the waste of fabric dyeing facilities developed by a Japanese company was used here as a green roof for the first time in the United States.}

^{▲文化村：文化村由三座新建筑和中央的Tateuchi庭院廣場組成。Cultural Village: The Cultural Village is formed by three new buildings arranged around the Tateuchi Courtyard plaza.}

^{▲技藝：雖然空間的設(shè)計(jì)都具有明顯的現(xiàn)代特征，項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)還是盡可能地結(jié)合了傳統(tǒng)的施工和安裝方法，以強(qiáng)調(diào)古代記憶與現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)背景的持續(xù)關(guān)聯(lián)。Craftsmanship: While the design of the spaces is distinctly contemporary, wherever possible, traditional execution methods were integrated, demonstrating the continued relevance of ancient techniques in a modern design context.}

^{▲城堡圍墻：位于廣場西緣的中世紀(jì)城堡圍墻是由一位日本傳統(tǒng)石匠（第15代傳人）使用當(dāng)?shù)爻鐾恋臇|俄勒岡貝克藍(lán)色花崗巖砌筑而成。Castle Wall: The authentic medieval castle wall located on the west edge of the plaza was built by a 15th-generation Japanese stonemason using Eastern Oregon Baker Blue granite.}

^{▲國際公認(rèn)的文化中心：對于波特蘭日本花園而言，文化交匯口項(xiàng)目有效地增加了機(jī)構(gòu)的訪問量，并再次證明了其作為國際公認(rèn)的文化中心所保有的領(lǐng)先地位及榮譽(yù)。An Internationally-Recognized Cultural Center: For the Portland Japanese Garden, Cultural Crossing increased visitation and reaffirmed the institution’s leadership and distinction as an internationally-recognized cultural center.}

^{▲國際文化交流場所：文化交匯口項(xiàng)目將波特蘭的日本庭園變成了一個(gè)文化交流的場所。A Place of Intercultural Exchange: Cultural Crossing transforms Portland Japanese Garden into a place of cultural dialogue.}

^{▲教學(xué)計(jì)劃：新的空間將提供一系列新的講座、研討會(huì)和園藝課程。Educational Offerings: The new space allowed for an increase in educational offerings including lectures, workshops, and a new professional course.}

^{▲傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代的融合：文化交匯口項(xiàng)目提供了一個(gè)以設(shè)計(jì)為導(dǎo)向、以場所為基礎(chǔ)的將日本設(shè)計(jì)融入當(dāng)代環(huán)境的范例。Blending Traditional and Contemporary: Cultural Crossing provides a design-forward, place-based model for contextualizing Japanese design in a contemporary setting.}

PROJECT NARRATIVE

LOCATION AND SCOPE

^{Cultural Crossing is nestled into forested slopes of Washington Park, a significant historic public park that contains a variety of major visitor venues, in Portland’s west hills. The 3.4 acre development includes a new entry pavilion, pond, and redeveloped entry path that ascends to a central plaza flanked by three new buildings, numerous garden spaces, terraces, and paths. These new spaces, both indoor and outdoor, are programmed for education, gatherings, and interpretation. The site traverses 90 feet of grade, making Cultural Crossing an elevated, secluded setting for arts and cultural experiences perched within Washington Park’s forest. The visually striking landscape design is embedded with solutions to the site’s complex environmental conditions—incorporating geotechnical, stormwater, and sustainable design functions.}

RE-ENVISIONING THE JAPANESE GARDEN

^{In our increasingly expanding, global world, Cultural Crossing re-envisions the role of the traditional Japanese garden in a manner not found at any other: it serves as a strong educational, interpretive, and multicultural hub alongside traditional, contemplative garden experiences. To fulfill this bold initiative, the Landscape Architects combined contemporary Japanese design, Western site development methodologies, and a highly context-sensitive approach to sustainable infrastructure and resiliency. By approaching the garden as something greater than a museum that preserves Japanese gardening traditions, the project blends together modern design ideals, environmentally sensitive development, and opportunities for visitors to learn the arts and culture of Japan. Accessibility was also addressed, improving the experience for all visitors and demonstrating the importance of an equitable approach to cultural exchange.}

REDEFINING THE VISITOR EXPERIENCE

^{The renovation begins by clarifying the arrival sequence. Previously, visitors approached the site by passing through parking lots, roadways, and service yards. The transformation creates a rich continuous visitor experience from the initial arrival that is consistently articulated through every element of the sequence. The Tanabe Welcome Center, a more formal and inviting new entry, welcomes visitors at the base of the hill. A pedestrian path ascends through the forested ravine, traversing cascading stormwater gardens, culminating in the Cultural Village above.}

A PLACE OF INTERCULTURAL EXCHANGE AND EDUCATION

^{The Cultural Village is formed by three new buildings arranged around the Tateuchi Courtyard plaza: the Umami Café, a tea shop that hovers above the ravine; the Village House, that contains the Tanabe Gallery, a multi-purpose classroom, the Garden Gift Shop, and the Vollum Library; and the Garden House, where the garden’s workshop, studio, and curator’s suite are located, as well as additional horticultural education and exhibition areas. Contemporary approaches to traditional Japanese garden elements, including a Bonsai terrace, Tsuboniwa garden, and castle wall enrich the Tateuchi Courtyard’s edges, making the open space a focal point of the design. This new series of spaces creates opportunities to host more classes, training, and events. The Village also increases the number of educational offerings including lectures, workshops, and a new professional gardener education program. The architectural design of the buildings is deferential to the landscape, attempting to blend the structures into the natural surroundings. Strong indoor-outdoor relationships create a feeling of permeability and interconnectedness immersing visitors in the garden context, with spaces that are adaptable for indoor-outdoor cultural events and classes.}

COMBINING TRADITIONAL INSTALLATION METHODS AND CONTEMPORARY MATERIALS

^{While the design of the spaces is distinctly contemporary, traditional methods of execution were integrated wherever possible to demonstrate the sustained relevance of ancient techniques in a modern design context. A central challenge for the Landscape Architects, design team members, and contractors was to appropriately translate traditional methodologies into a buildable, cutting edge project. In keeping with Japanese tradition in the existing garden areas, Cultural Crossing utilizes local and regional materials and plants; stone and other materials were hand-selected from local sources. A notable example of the team’s twist on an historic/modern approach is the authentic medieval castle wall located on the west edge of the plaza, which was built by a 15th-generation Japanese stonemason using locally sourced Eastern Oregon Baker Blue granite.}

GEOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

^{Environmental stewardship is a unifying theme of the project, and the site’s environmental and geological complexity make Cultural Crossing a paradigm for innovative design and site development approaches. A combination of systems including green roofs, stormwater features, and native gardens tie the spaces together, minimize geotechnical risks, enhance water quality, and remind visitors of our role and responsibility in our natural environment.}

^{Partially located on a historic landslide, the arrangement of the terraces, gardens and buildings is organized to minimize the impacts of earth movement and to safeguard against hastening the slide. A comprehensive and innovative stormwater collection system was developed to collect water, limit infiltration that might hasten the slide, and use the resulting water to create an exceptional display of stormwater gardens as seasonal features throughout the site.}

^{Washington Park, the large, mostly natural park which surrounds the Cultural Crossing site on all sides, has been highly impacted by development and invasive species over more than a century of human use. Prior to development, this rich forest stabilized the steep slopes of the west hills; the project site was subsequently impacted by logging and buildings, but is now designated as one of the city’s environmental conservation zones, the design team focused development in areas of previous disturbance, including the location of the former maintenance and operations facilities. The Landscape Architects’ design removed invasive species, replanted areas to restore the forest ecology, and preserved significant trees. The rigorous background work and focus on environmentally-sensitive principles resulted in spaces that are seamlessly nestled within the surrounding Pacific Northwestern Douglas Fir forest.}

^{The design team also looked for opportunities to explore and test new environmentally sustainable techniques and materials. Notably, the green roof system installed on the Village House and Garden House is the first of its kind in the United States. The system was developed in collaboration with a company in Japan that developed a tile made from the waste left by fabric dying facilities. The ceramic tile has excellent water permeability and retention to provide a foundation for a sedum green roof, while maintaining an ultra-thin profile that fits within the overall project design. The green roof is also one of the visual acknowledgements of the project’s extensive stormwater treatment system. The conveyance and treatment of stormwater is openly expressed throughout the entire expansion area in a way that is strikingly beautiful, while lessening the negative impacts of water pollution and simultaneously, minimizing water infiltration in the area of the landslide.}

COLLABORATION

^{The multicultural, interdisciplinary design and activities of the Cultural Crossing were delivered by a team that was itself international and interdisciplinary. The Landscape Architects, consisting of the Garden Curator and a landscape architecture firm, collaborated with a team of local and Japanese architects; Garden staff; and public agency stakeholders. The collaboration included team members in both Portland and Tokyo. Throughout the design process, the local landscape architecture firm and the Garden Curator worked together to adapt traditional designs and techniques to local requirements and sustainable best practices.}

VALUE TO THE CLIENT AND OTHER DESIGNERS

^{Transforming a traditional Japanese garden into a venue for cultural interaction and hands-on learning demanded a high level of vision; the highly sensitive site required an environmentally progressive approach. For the Portland Japanese Garden, Cultural Crossing increased visitation and reaffirmed the institution’s leadership and distinction as an internationally-recognized cultural center. For designers, the Cultural Crossing provides a design-forward, place-based model for contextualizing Japanese design in a contemporary setting. The integrated water and geotechnical design, which will sustain the facility for a generation, underscores the role that environmental innovation plays in times of significant climate and social change.}

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