西安市長(zhǎng)安區(qū)皂河濱水廊道規(guī)劃 | 中國(guó)電建集團(tuán)西北勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司

經(jīng)典案例 2020-10-29 來(lái)源：gooood

項(xiàng)目名稱：

西安市長(zhǎng)安區(qū)皂河濱水廊道規(guī)劃
項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：

陜西省西安市長(zhǎng)安區(qū)
項(xiàng)目規(guī)模：

12.7ha
設(shè)計(jì)公司：

中國(guó)電建集團(tuán)西北勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司
委托方：

西安市長(zhǎng)安城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)開(kāi)發(fā)有限公司
建成時(shí)間：

2020
圖片來(lái)源：

中國(guó)電建集團(tuán)西北勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司

源起：黑臭河的污名

Background: the stigma of the black-odorous river

皂河，在西漢《上林賦》中為“八水繞長(zhǎng)安”中的“八水”之一。后因潏河改道使其成為“無(wú)源之河”，在“八水”中的地位也由潏河取代，皂河便承擔(dān)起了西安南郊、西郊、北郊的排污及排洪職責(zé)。長(zhǎng)期的工業(yè)廢水和生活污水排放，使得皂河水質(zhì)逐漸惡化，河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)也受到了極大破壞。同時(shí)隨著城市的開(kāi)發(fā)建設(shè)，城區(qū)內(nèi)的皂河逐漸被綠化帶、城市道路、建構(gòu)筑物等所覆蓋，成為一條地下暗河。河道淤積嚴(yán)重，黑臭現(xiàn)象突出。

Zao River is one of the “Eight Rivers of Chang’an” described in Chinese historical literature. After Jue River diverted, Zao River became a river without a source and the status in the “Eight Rivers” was replaced by Jue River. In that case, Zao River assumed the responsibility of sewage and flood discharge in the southern, western and northern suburbs of Xi’an. The long-term discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage has gradually deteriorated the water quality of Zao River, and the river ecosystem has also been greatly damaged. At the same time, with the development and construction of the city, the urban area of Zao River is gradually covered by urban roads, road green belts, buildings, etc., becoming an underground river. The river is heavily silted, and the pollution is prominent.

^{▲局部鳥(niǎo)瞰效果，Partial bird’s eye view renderings ?中國(guó)電建集團(tuán)西北勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司}

2018年11月，中央生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)督察組指出“西安皂河黑臭水體整治一蓋了之，長(zhǎng)安段截污管道建設(shè)敷衍應(yīng)對(duì)”等問(wèn)題。2019年3月，《皂河三年專項(xiàng)整治計(jì)劃實(shí)施方案（2018-2020年）》正式印發(fā)，對(duì)皂河進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性全流域綜合整治。

^{In November 2018, the Central Ecological and Environmental Protection Supervision Group pointed out that the black-odorous water of Zao River has been covered up and the construction of the sewage removal pipeline in Chang’an section has been perfunctory response. In March 2019, the Implementation Plan of Zao River Three-Year Special Regulation Plan (2018-2020) was officially issued, which aims to carry out systematic and comprehensive improvement of Zao River.}

^{▲項(xiàng)目總體概覽，Project overview ?中國(guó)電建集團(tuán)西北勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司}

現(xiàn)狀與挑戰(zhàn)：城市與河流如何相融相生

Site and Challenges: How do cities and rivers blend together

根據(jù)存在問(wèn)題及現(xiàn)狀特征將皂河長(zhǎng)安段分為三部分：東南部的上游段靠近源頭，周邊多為村鎮(zhèn)，河道現(xiàn)狀為干涸的硬質(zhì)排澇渠，兩岸植被生長(zhǎng)凌亂，景觀單一；城區(qū)段位于老城區(qū)，河道多被城市建設(shè)侵占，且道路狹窄，公共活動(dòng)空間缺失；西北部的下游段由于排污導(dǎo)致水體黑臭現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重，已經(jīng)影響到了周邊居民的正常生活，“一蓋了之”的消極處理手段無(wú)法從根本上解決污染問(wèn)題，也已經(jīng)無(wú)法隱藏問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。這條見(jiàn)證了西安古都朝代更替的古老河流，該怎樣適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化城市的發(fā)展，又將如何重新融入人們的生活？

^{According to the existing problems and site characteristics, the Chang’an section of Zao River is divided into three parts. The upstream section is close to the source, and the surrounding areas are mostly villages and towns. The current situation of the river is a dry hard drainage canal, with disorderly growth of vegetation on both sides and a single landscape. The urban section is in the old urban district where the river has been encroached upon by urban construction, the road is narrow and there is no space for public activities. In the downstream section, the pollution of the water is severe due to sewage discharge, which has affected the surrounding residents. The negative treatment method can no longer hide the seriousness of the problem. How should this ancient river that has witnessed the dynasty change of Xi’an adapt to the development of a modern city and reintegrate into people’s lives?}

^{▲改造前后環(huán)境對(duì)比，contrast of the environment before and after renovation ?中國(guó)電建集團(tuán)西北勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司}

設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)與策略：從城市排污河到生態(tài)景觀河，構(gòu)建城市綜合性的藍(lán)綠基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

Objectives and Design Strategies: From urban sewage river to ecological landscape river, building a comprehensive urban blue-green infrastructure

本方案將統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃河流廊道系統(tǒng)、綠道系統(tǒng)、植物生境系統(tǒng)，均衡布局公園綠地，通過(guò)生態(tài)護(hù)岸改造、拓展綠色空間，建設(shè)城市生態(tài)廊道、生態(tài)體驗(yàn)區(qū)，形成城市綠色生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。塑造一處集生態(tài)涵養(yǎng)、文化傳承、親近自然、漫步休閑為一體的CEAD（中央生態(tài)活力區(qū)），創(chuàng)造一個(gè)長(zhǎng)安區(qū)城市未來(lái)發(fā)展的新地標(biāo)、新名牌。

^{This plan will make overall plans for the river corridor system, greenway system and plant habitat system, balance the layout of parks and green spaces. Expand green space and build urban ecological corridors and ecological experience areas through revetment renovation, urban greening and other measures, forming the urban green ecological network. Create a CEAD (Central Ecological Active District) that integrates ecological conservation, cultural heritage, closeness to nature, strolling and leisure, and create a new landmark for the future development of Chang’an District.}

^{▲改造后的空間概覽，不僅是一條河流廊道，更是連接城市中人與人的紐帶，讓人們?cè)诖诵蓓徽劇⑿蓍e健身、家庭交流，在這里重建社區(qū)溫度 Overall view of the space after renovation. It is not only a river corridor, but also a link between people in the city. Allowing people to have a rest and talk, enjoy leisure and fitness, communicate with family, and rebuild the community temperature here. ?中國(guó)電建集團(tuán)西北勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司}

下游段周邊用地多為住宅小區(qū)、學(xué)校。該段通過(guò)揭除蓋板、拆除原有漿砌石硬質(zhì)護(hù)岸，將河道整體拓寬，打造多種生態(tài)復(fù)式駁岸，同時(shí)結(jié)合多層臺(tái)階、戲水廣場(chǎng)、水中劇場(chǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)，打造可參與互動(dòng)的水生態(tài)活力區(qū)。

^{The surrounding land of the downstream section is mostly residential communities and schools. The main renovation measures for this section are to remove the cover plate, dismantle the original revetment of masonry, widen the river channel and transform it into a variety of ecological duplex sections. Combined with the design of multi-layer steps, water playing squares and stages, make it being a dynamic area where citizens can participate and interact.}

^{▲下游段改造前后示意圖，Diagram before and after renovation ?中國(guó)電建集團(tuán)西北勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司}

^{▲護(hù)岸采用流暢的曲線臺(tái)階消化高差，讓原本僵硬筆直的岸線變得富有韻律感，Revetment with smooth curves ?中國(guó)電建集團(tuán)西北勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司}

^{▲自然草坡親水空間，natural grass slope space near the river ?中國(guó)電建集團(tuán)西北勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司}

^{▲休閑健身道，the road for exercising ?中國(guó)電建集團(tuán)西北勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司}

^{▲戲水廣場(chǎng)，waterside recreation area ?中國(guó)電建集團(tuán)西北勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司}

為滿足家庭親子活動(dòng)的需求，通過(guò)百米綠帶、親水活動(dòng)區(qū)、兒童主題活動(dòng)區(qū)的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)為周邊社區(qū)提供戶外家庭休閑、互動(dòng)交流的空間，讓高樓林立的城市中多一處視野開(kāi)闊、景觀優(yōu)美、設(shè)施完備的城市公共空間。

^{In order to meet the needs of parent-child activities, the planning and design of the 100-meter green belt, water area, and children playground provide the surrounding communities with outdoor family leisure and interactive communication spaces, which also provide an urban public space with broad vision, beautiful landscape and complete facilities.}

^{▲戶外家庭休閑娛樂(lè)的公共空間，outdoor public space for family leisure ?中國(guó)電建集團(tuán)西北勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司}

結(jié)語(yǔ)

Conclusion

皂河長(zhǎng)安段河道綜合治理是經(jīng)多專業(yè)協(xié)同合作最終提出的系統(tǒng)解決方案，通過(guò)重建河流廊道生態(tài)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建多層次服務(wù)城市市民的藍(lán)綠基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。本案通過(guò)景觀設(shè)計(jì)統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃，將雨洪資源再利用、生態(tài)防洪技術(shù)、水生態(tài)修復(fù)技術(shù)等相融合，將皂河長(zhǎng)安段建設(shè)成為集生態(tài)治理、科普教育、休閑觀光于一體的水生態(tài)活力^{示范區(qū)，改善區(qū)域人居環(huán)境，助力長(zhǎng)安區(qū)的發(fā)展。}

^{The comprehensive river regulation of Zao River Chang’an section is a systematic solution that put forward by multi-professional collaboration and cooperation. It is to build a multi-level blue-green infrastructure serving urban citizens through the reconstruction of the river corridor ecosystem. Through the overall planning of landscape design, this project integrates the reuse of rain and flood resources, ecological flood control technology, water ecological restoration technology, etc., and builds the Zao River Chang’an section into a demonstration area integrating ecological management, science education, leisure and tourism, which will improve the regional human settlements and help the development of Chang’an District.}

^{▲夜幕降臨也絲毫沒(méi)有降低兒童活動(dòng)區(qū)的人氣，The nightfall did not reduce The popularity of the children’s playground ?中國(guó)電建集團(tuán)西北勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司}

^{▲通過(guò)豐富的夜景亮化設(shè)計(jì)，突出流暢的河岸線，為市民夜間休閑活動(dòng)提供多樣的公共空間 Through the night scene lighting, the smooth riverbank line is highlighted. It can also provide a variety of public space for citizens’ leisure activities at night. ?中國(guó)電建集團(tuán)西北勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司}