江蘇南通紫瑯公園景觀設(shè)計(jì) | AECOM

“已經(jīng)成為南通公眾打卡熱點(diǎn)的紫瑯湖，其魅力遠(yuǎn)不止于超高顏值，更是為城市一直以來(lái)洪澇和熱島問(wèn)題提供高品質(zhì)解決方案的典型示范?！?/em>

^{Zilang Park has transformed into one of Nantong’s must-see attractions while effectively mitigating flood and the effects of urban heat island in the city.}

2016年底，為了進(jìn)一步完善中央創(chuàng)新區(qū)的生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，南通市政府著手推動(dòng)南通紫瑯公園（以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“紫瑯公園”）的景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)。位于該區(qū)域中心的紫瑯公園，占地266公頃，其中生態(tài)棲息地面積150公頃，具備防洪調(diào)蓄能力的水域面積116公頃。場(chǎng)地中規(guī)劃了一條超過(guò)14公里的生態(tài)慢行綠道和一條長(zhǎng)達(dá)20公里的生物走廊，不僅將人與自然相連接，也為遷徙鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)、授粉昆蟲(chóng)等各種物種提供了賴(lài)以生存繁衍的棲息地。

^{As an essential part of the Nantong Municipal Government’s plan to promote the local central innovation zone, the planning and design of Nantong Zilang Central Forest Park (Zilang Park) started at the end of 2016. Located at the center of the zone, the park covers an area of 266 hectares, including 150 hectares of ecological habitat area and 116 hectares of water area with flood control and storage capacity. A 14-kilometer ecological greenway and a 20-kilometer biological corridor are planned on the site, which not only connects people with nature, but also improves biodiversity and stormwater management.} 

目前，將于2020年底全面完工的紫瑯公園為中央創(chuàng)新區(qū)的生態(tài)平衡和社會(huì)效益奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。高比例的綠化率成為提升公園區(qū)域空氣氧離子含量、降低人體體感溫度、減少環(huán)境噪音、增加空間舒適度的有效手段。生態(tài)設(shè)施的完善也為社會(huì)發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了新的機(jī)會(huì)。生態(tài)設(shè)施的完善也為社會(huì)發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了新的機(jī)會(huì)。2019年至2020年間，紫瑯湖的落成令中央創(chuàng)新區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)了大幅度的游客總量增長(zhǎng)，吸引高新科技企業(yè)投資同比增長(zhǎng)2.4倍，為南通當(dāng)?shù)鼐蜆I(yè)率提升高效助力。

^{Moreover, the project brings great social benefits to the local area, including a rise in oxygen levels in the atmosphere, a drop in noise pollution and a reduction in urban heat island effect. The improved ecological infrastructure has also created new opportunities for social development. From 2019 to 2020, the central innovation zone achieved a substantial increase in the total number of tourists. The investment from high-tech companies increased 2.4 times on a year-on-year basis, effectively boosting local employment in Nantong.}

讓這里成為所有人的樂(lè)園

作為這片濱水森林公園的景觀設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)，AECOM不僅全面保護(hù)、保育和提升了150公頃的野生動(dòng)植物棲息地，恢復(fù)當(dāng)?shù)厣锒鄻有?，更從韌性生態(tài)的角度出發(fā)，通過(guò)修復(fù)河道、營(yíng)造山體和山谷、豐富的疏林草坪來(lái)建立穩(wěn)定的風(fēng)廊微氣候系統(tǒng)，以緩解城市熱島效應(yīng)，打造可持續(xù)發(fā)展的都市綠心。

^{▲構(gòu)建風(fēng)廊，改善區(qū)域微氣候} 

同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)還為游客提供騎行、慢跑和游園的連續(xù)流線，貫通風(fēng)景秀麗的立體慢行系統(tǒng)，為全年齡段的人群提供全天候的景觀參與空間，全面提升人體舒適度，使紫瑯公園成為當(dāng)?shù)貜V受喜愛(ài)的休閑目的地。

^{Additionally, the area provides a new destination for local people to engage in various activities along the lake such as jogging and sight-seeing.}

^{▲為全年齡段的人群提供全天候的景觀參與空間}

設(shè)計(jì)后的公園包括三大部分：山林和河道位于公園的北部，園區(qū)中部營(yíng)造生態(tài)濕地，南湖則是公園最重要的濱水開(kāi)放空間。

北部地區(qū)被設(shè)計(jì)成一個(gè)水系環(huán)繞的山地森林公園，起伏的丘陵地貌、開(kāi)闊的湖泊水域和成片草坪為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裉峁┝艘巳说膽?hù)外活動(dòng)空間。這片林地也因擁有不同地貌和水體而建立起穩(wěn)定的風(fēng)廊微氣候系統(tǒng)，區(qū)域內(nèi)環(huán)境溫度和二氧化碳含量降低，有效緩解城市熱島效應(yīng)。

中部的生態(tài)濕地成為展示當(dāng)?shù)厣锒鄻有缘淖匀粭⒌厥痉秴^(qū)。通過(guò)不同季相的60多種本地開(kāi)花植物及40多種鄉(xiāng)土樹(shù)種的種植，營(yíng)造出生態(tài)的水上森林，為野生鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和昆蟲(chóng)等物種提供自然棲息地，展示濕地演替的過(guò)程。

^{The north zone is designed to be a forest park surrounded by watercourses. The open lake and lawns provide a pleasant outdoor space while the various landforms and waterbody create wind corridors to improve regional micro-climate by decreasing temperature and carbon dioxide.} 

^{The middle zone is an artificial wetland, which is also a bio-diverse paradise. More than 60 kinds of native flowering plants and 40 native tree species were cultivated for different seasons. An ecological water forest was created, providing natural habitats for wild birds and insects, and showing visitors the process of wetland succession.} 

南湖是整個(gè)園區(qū)的雨水收集器，具有強(qiáng)大的彈性調(diào)蓄能力，有效緩解區(qū)域內(nèi)澇問(wèn)題。同時(shí)，湖區(qū)也為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裉峁┝艘粋€(gè)休閑新去處，湖濱跑道、湖山廣場(chǎng)、濱水游樂(lè)場(chǎng)、休閑觀景臺(tái)和多功能運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)滿(mǎn)足不同年齡段的人群享受都市生態(tài)空間的需求，激發(fā)孩子們探索自然棲息地的興趣，發(fā)揮生態(tài)教育的重要作用。

^{The south lake is regarded as a “bio-tank” which collects water from the whole region with a resilient function. It interconnects with a bio-system that is built on green areas and communities, such as stormwater collection gardens and water shed mitigation facilities.} 

^{▲南湖生態(tài)淺水漫灘提供兒童參與科普及親水活動(dòng)的理想戶(hù)外場(chǎng)所}

值得一提的是，設(shè)計(jì)倡導(dǎo)綠色低碳的慢行交通系統(tǒng)，綜合考慮景觀節(jié)點(diǎn)的可達(dá)性，沿水系設(shè)置各種形式的連續(xù)步行系統(tǒng)，不同標(biāo)高的步道、棧橋、平臺(tái)、臺(tái)階將公共活動(dòng)廣場(chǎng)和園區(qū)的人行動(dòng)線串聯(lián)起來(lái)，形成層次豐富的立體漫步系統(tǒng)，為使用者提供安全舒適的步行體驗(yàn)。

^{▲漫步在低生態(tài)影響的步道上，享受探索自然的樂(lè)趣}

^{▲提供多元城市活動(dòng)的湖山廣場(chǎng)，串聯(lián)狼山與南通大劇院，成為湖山軸線的關(guān)鍵景觀節(jié)點(diǎn)}

用一劑良方，還一片清流

項(xiàng)目所在地南通地處長(zhǎng)江中下游平原，河道資源豐富，但也遭受著經(jīng)常性的洪澇問(wèn)題。在汛期和臺(tái)風(fēng)季節(jié)城市內(nèi)澇尤其嚴(yán)重，并對(duì)城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施造成較為嚴(yán)重的損害。在快速的城市化發(fā)展進(jìn)程中，河道水質(zhì)因?yàn)檫^(guò)度使用農(nóng)藥、生活污水排放等城市問(wèn)題而被污染，場(chǎng)地原有的河道也遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，逐漸喪失雨洪調(diào)蓄能力。面對(duì)頻繁發(fā)生的季節(jié)性?xún)?nèi)澇災(zāi)害、日漸老化的城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，我們應(yīng)該如何調(diào)節(jié)城市整體生態(tài)平衡、從根本上防治洪澇問(wèn)題？

Nantong’s geological location and natural environment initially brought challenges to the park’s design. The city is located in the Yangtze River Plain and suffers regular flooding due to its copious watercourses. It becomes worse at the onset of typhoons. Radical urbanization and contamination from the overuse of pesticide also contributed to the heavy destruction of watercourses.

^{▲現(xiàn)狀水文條件}

針對(duì)現(xiàn)狀問(wèn)題，項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)意識(shí)到“水敏感城市設(shè)計(jì)”是應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的有效方法，將連續(xù)的河道和兩個(gè)生態(tài)濕地連接起來(lái)，打造“水敏感型景觀”，極大地改善了城市水環(huán)境問(wèn)題。

^{To mitigate these long-standing problems, AECOM used the “Water-sensitive Design” approach. Since most of the existing watercourses were located south of the site, and the water systems on the two sides were segregated, rainwater could not be stored.}

^{▲建立以水道、濕地、湖泊為基礎(chǔ)的水敏感景觀框架，應(yīng)對(duì)城市洪澇問(wèn)題}

“水敏感城市設(shè)計(jì)”是一種將“水”置于城市設(shè)計(jì)的開(kāi)端并將其貫穿于每一環(huán)節(jié)，使水資源的使用、儲(chǔ)存和再利用在一個(gè)“可持續(xù)”的框架中運(yùn)行的城市設(shè)計(jì)理念。通過(guò)高質(zhì)量的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)，“水敏感城市設(shè)計(jì)”將自然界的水循環(huán)、建成環(huán)境和傳統(tǒng)地下水系統(tǒng)有機(jī)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更為綜合高效的水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，從而提高城市對(duì)洪澇災(zāi)害的免疫能力和水質(zhì)凈化能力。

以紫瑯公園為例，現(xiàn)狀水道主要集中分布在場(chǎng)地南部，但互不連通的水道系統(tǒng)無(wú)法解決雨水調(diào)蓄問(wèn)題。設(shè)計(jì)師提出了一個(gè)綜合的韌性水文設(shè)計(jì)框架，將連續(xù)的水渠和兩個(gè)人工生態(tài)濕地連接起來(lái)。人工濕地作為生態(tài)海綿過(guò)濾器，對(duì)進(jìn)入南湖之前的水道水質(zhì)進(jìn)行過(guò)濾凈化。過(guò)濾后的水體進(jìn)入南湖，通過(guò)大型湖區(qū)發(fā)揮調(diào)蓄作用以減輕洪澇的影響。目前，景觀湖體水質(zhì)已經(jīng)提升至III類(lèi)水。

^{To mitigate these long-standing problems, AECOM used the “Water-sensitive Design” approach.}

^{Since most of the existing watercourses were located south of the site, and the water systems on the two sides were segregated, rainwater could not be stored. Our design team proposed a framework for an integrated and resilient waterbody, which connects consecutive channels and two artificial wetlands. The wetlands serve as eco-sponge filters to purify the water before entering the south lake.}

研究表明，我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)理論上可在7天內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)水體自?xún)?。?shí)際操作中結(jié)合到長(zhǎng)江的潮汐情況以及內(nèi)河水質(zhì)，實(shí)際凈化周期基本控制在15天內(nèi)。結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，搭建以水道、濕地和湖泊為基礎(chǔ)的水敏感景觀體系。人工濕地作為生態(tài)海綿過(guò)濾器，對(duì)進(jìn)入南湖之前的水道水質(zhì)進(jìn)行過(guò)濾凈化。過(guò)濾后的水體進(jìn)入南湖，通過(guò)大型湖區(qū)發(fā)揮調(diào)蓄作用以減輕洪澇的影響。目前，景觀湖體水質(zhì)已經(jīng)提升至III類(lèi)水。

^{Our design team proposed a framework for an integrated and resilient waterbody, which connects consecutive channels and two artificial wetlands. The wetlands serve as eco-sponge filters to purify the water before entering the south lake. In addition, the team also applied a technology to restore microbe and aquatic creatures in creating a self-cleaning water system in the south lake. This technology activates microbe Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) reproduction by supplying needed nutrition, and stabilizes the ecological equilibrium, which is significant in the water self-cleaning system.}

此外，微生物和水生生物修復(fù)技術(shù)成為穩(wěn)定水質(zhì)的重要手段，這項(xiàng)生態(tài)凈水技術(shù)被用于改善南湖水質(zhì)，使其達(dá)到理想水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。生態(tài)淺灘和雨水花園也是水質(zhì)提升的關(guān)鍵因素，它們作為人工表流濕地的重要環(huán)節(jié)，能有效提升公園的生物多樣性和雨水管理能力，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)韌性水文的目的。

^{In addition, the team also applied a technology to restore microbe and aquatic creatures in creating a self-cleaning water system in the south lake. This technology activates microbe Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) reproduction by supplying needed nutrition, and stabilizes the ecological equilibrium, which is significant in the water self-cleaning system.}

項(xiàng)目信息

^{設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間：2017-2018，完成年份：2020年底完全建成}

^{設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：鞠珩、吳琨、黃啟杰、楊振宇、龐舒婷、李文娟、徐芳怡、郭順漢、李毓賢、黃恭倬、梁海珊、張君弛、姜婧、李曉雨、張之彥、戴熙為、羅健萍、唐海玉、陳明、孫俊、雷森、王晶、施曦明、吳珅宴}

^{項(xiàng)目地址：中國(guó)江蘇省南通市的中央創(chuàng)新區(qū)}

^{用地面積：公園用地面積266公頃}

^{攝影版權(quán)：?AECOM（攝影師：江丹、陳亮）}

^{合作方：中國(guó)城市規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院}

^{上海市政工程設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司}

^{上海市園林設(shè)計(jì)研究總院有限公司}

^{上海市城市建設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)研究總院有限公司}

^{北京市建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司}

^{上海森語(yǔ)景觀綠化工程公司}

^{上海復(fù)旦規(guī)劃建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司}

^{南通市市政工程設(shè)計(jì)院有限責(zé)任公司}

^{客戶(hù)：南通市中央創(chuàng)新區(qū)開(kāi)發(fā)建設(shè)管理辦公室}

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