西安潏河樊川公園景觀設(shè)計(jì) | 土人設(shè)計(jì)

項(xiàng)目簡(jiǎn)介

Project introduction

潏河屬于長(zhǎng)安八水中較窄、較短的一支，長(zhǎng)度約64.2km。樊川湖項(xiàng)目毗鄰潏河的中段，常寧新區(qū)的東北角。場(chǎng)地占地16.7公頃。西安近年來(lái)的高速發(fā)展帶來(lái)的大建設(shè)產(chǎn)生了大量的城市建筑垃圾，西北的黃土高坡可堆土的區(qū)域較少，地勢(shì)較低的西安八條生命河流慢慢的淪落為堆土的首選地，八水繞長(zhǎng)安的城市美景也慢慢的變了質(zhì)，本次項(xiàng)目的潏河兩岸也遭遇了此災(zāi)難。設(shè)計(jì)師根據(jù)項(xiàng)目的現(xiàn)狀情況，對(duì)潏河周邊的自然風(fēng)貌進(jìn)行了規(guī)劃和定位，建成以生態(tài)修復(fù)、自然觀光、休閑娛樂、人文體驗(yàn)為一體的城市濕地公園。

Juehe River is a narrow and short branch of Chang'an’s Eight Rivers, with a length of about 64.2km. The Fanchuan Lake project is adjacent to the middle section of Juehe River and the northeast corner of Changning new district. The site covers an area of 16.7 hectares. In recent years, the rapid development of Xi'an has brought about a large number of urban construction waste. The loess high slope in the northwest has few areas to pile up soil. The eight rivers of life in low-lying Xi'an have gradually become the preferred place to pile up soil. The beautiful scenery of Chang'an city surrounded by eight rivers has gradually changed. The two sides of the Juehe River of this project have also suffered this disaster. According to the current situation of the project, the designer planned and positioned the natural landscape around the Juehe River to build an urban wetland park integrating ecological restoration, natural sightseeing, leisure and entertainment, and humanistic experience.

目標(biāo)與挑戰(zhàn)

Objectives and challenges

設(shè)計(jì)的目標(biāo)：將公園打造為以生態(tài)修復(fù)、自然觀光、休閑娛樂、人文體驗(yàn)為一體的城市郊野公園。

本項(xiàng)目主要面臨三大挑戰(zhàn)：

1.場(chǎng)地堆土問(wèn)題的解決：場(chǎng)地由原有的低洼肥沃的農(nóng)田被垃圾堆土慢慢的堆砌起來(lái)，河道被擠壓，兩側(cè)地形較陡，建筑垃圾形成的土壤使植物難以生長(zhǎng)。如何解決河道兩側(cè)堆土，如何利用建筑垃圾作為景觀的基底，變廢為寶是設(shè)計(jì)的第一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)。

2.河道的疏通：建筑垃圾的傾倒，部分進(jìn)入了河道內(nèi)部，使原有的河道流線改變，河道貫通性不佳。如何疏通現(xiàn)有河道，使其具備自然的流線，豐富其植物凈化系統(tǒng)是設(shè)計(jì)的第二項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)。

3.人群活動(dòng)與自然環(huán)境的融合：場(chǎng)地內(nèi)垃圾土壤的亂堆亂放使場(chǎng)地道路流線無(wú)序組織。疏通場(chǎng)地流線，植入場(chǎng)地游憩功能及休憩節(jié)點(diǎn)，能讓市民在感受自然環(huán)境的基礎(chǔ)上，停留休憩是設(shè)計(jì)的第三個(gè)難點(diǎn)。

The goal of the design is to build the park into an urban country park integrating ecological restoration, natural sightseeing, leisure and entertainment, and humanistic experience.

The project faces three major challenges:

1. Solution to the problem of piling soil on the site: the original low-lying fertile farmland is slowly piled up by garbage, the river is squeezed, the terrain on both sides is steep, and the soil formed by construction waste makes it difficult for plants to grow. How to solve the problem of piling soil on both sides of the river, how to use construction waste as the base of landscape, and how to turn waste into treasure are the first challenges of design.

2. Channel dredging: the dumping of construction waste, part of which goes into the river, changes the original river streamline and makes the river poor connectivity. How to dredge the existing river, make it have natural streamline and enrich the plant purification system is the second challenge of the design.

3. The integration of crowd activities and natural environment: the disorderly stacking of waste soil in the site makes the site road streamline disorderly organized. The third difficulty of the design is to dredge the streamline of the site and implant the recreational function and node of the site, so that the public can stay and rest on the basis of feeling the natural environment.

設(shè)計(jì)策略

Design Strategies

針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題與挑戰(zhàn)，本案例中嘗試了棧橋式親水湖岸的設(shè)計(jì)。具體做法有三點(diǎn)：

策略一：土方平衡，物盡其用

場(chǎng)地中從岸上到河床最大高差處約有將近15米高差，首先對(duì)河道邊的陡坡進(jìn)行消弱，改為平緩的緩坡，設(shè)計(jì)1：3以下的安全坡度，以滿足植物種植及人群安全，同時(shí)也給河道留有可伸縮的河水流動(dòng)空間，讓其具有彈性，當(dāng)雨季來(lái)臨時(shí)擁有足夠的空間儲(chǔ)存雨水，緩解下游徑流壓力；削掉的建筑垃圾土壤進(jìn)行景觀化處理，在道路兩邊堆土成為景觀地形，垃圾土壤作為地形下的景觀土壤基礎(chǔ)，上部覆種植用土壤；其中少部分的生活垃圾埋入土中經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的分解，在冬天可以在地下分解產(chǎn)生熱量，可升高植物根系的溫度，對(duì)植物的冬季生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境提供幫助。

策略二：強(qiáng)化潏河生態(tài)通廊

場(chǎng)地原有潏河河道與樊川湖被建筑垃圾相隔，樊川湖的水成了死水，常年無(wú)流動(dòng)，水質(zhì)得不到應(yīng)有的凈化。項(xiàng)目先打通場(chǎng)地阻隔潏河和樊川湖的土壤，通過(guò)一條內(nèi)河連接樊川湖與潏河。利用海綿系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，在道路邊設(shè)置雨水收集溝，除地表自然徑流流入水系外，雨水收集溝也系統(tǒng)地將雨水引導(dǎo)收集并排入河道中作為景觀用水。

另外在場(chǎng)地東南角位置，有一個(gè)自來(lái)水廠的尾水出口水渠，通過(guò)與相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人溝通得到數(shù)據(jù)顯示，最高擁有10個(gè)流量，且水質(zhì)較為干凈。設(shè)計(jì)中將此處尾水出口引入到樊川湖之中，以帶動(dòng)湖中的水流動(dòng)。讓流動(dòng)的水通過(guò)開挖的的內(nèi)河流入潏河下游。通過(guò)兩條線路的打通，還給河道一個(gè)完整的流線，同時(shí)也聯(lián)通了樊川湖，流動(dòng)的水進(jìn)入后將凈化湖中的死水，并且?guī)ザ鄻踊膭?dòng)植物，恢復(fù)水中生態(tài)環(huán)境。

策略三：人性化設(shè)計(jì)，滿足各方需求

土方的整理以及河道的疏通完成之后，給場(chǎng)地帶來(lái)了一個(gè)生態(tài)的基底。之后，開始在生態(tài)的基底之上建立以人為本的活動(dòng)節(jié)點(diǎn)。

1）梳理道路流線：根據(jù)場(chǎng)地中原有踩出的道路流線基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，通過(guò)自行車道，人行步道，過(guò)水棧橋以及滿足偶爾通車的防汛通道，組織豐富的交通系統(tǒng)，滿足各個(gè)方面的人群需求，讓原本孤立的河道兩岸，聯(lián)通在一起，相互呼應(yīng)；合理布置機(jī)動(dòng)車道和停車空間；集中停車位約100個(gè)，滿足日常的基本停車需求；以慢行系統(tǒng)串連各個(gè)功能區(qū)域，營(yíng)造慢跑、散步、穿行在內(nèi)的多種游憩體驗(yàn)。道路路面大部分采用可透水鋪裝，避免雨水堆積。沿途鋪設(shè)雨水收集設(shè)施，緩解瞬時(shí)雨洪壓力。

2）增加人群活動(dòng)節(jié)點(diǎn)：場(chǎng)地土方的整理及水系的貫通給景觀場(chǎng)地提供了生態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)，道路的貫通讓場(chǎng)地四通八達(dá)。設(shè)計(jì)師再交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)和景觀視角優(yōu)秀處設(shè)計(jì)出城市緩沖區(qū)、活力運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)、濱水休閑區(qū)三個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)節(jié)點(diǎn)。

a.城市緩沖區(qū)：在場(chǎng)地設(shè)計(jì)南北兩側(cè)設(shè)置主次入口作為城市緩沖區(qū)域，連接城市空間，引入人群。滿足人群進(jìn)入公園后能及時(shí)提供休憩服務(wù)。保留原有構(gòu)筑物建筑作為休憩使用。

b.活力運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)：在河道南岸設(shè)置運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)，兒童活動(dòng)區(qū)域以及草坪休閑區(qū)域。運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)設(shè)置籃球場(chǎng)羽毛球場(chǎng)乒乓球場(chǎng)等一些比較常規(guī)適合大眾的運(yùn)動(dòng)休閑項(xiàng)目，利用清理出來(lái)的建筑垃圾的堆坡，做景觀地形給運(yùn)動(dòng)的人有一個(gè)獨(dú)立的活動(dòng)空間，并配置服務(wù)建筑滿足正常的需要。兒童活動(dòng)場(chǎng)地利用場(chǎng)地原有地形高差，配置滑滑梯，秋千，攀巖等項(xiàng)目，在場(chǎng)地中做沙坑滿足孩子的玩耍需求。同時(shí)考慮家長(zhǎng)的休閑，在兒童活動(dòng)場(chǎng)地邊也設(shè)置座椅等觀景的活動(dòng)場(chǎng)地。另外在南岸腹地位置留出大面積的草坡，開拓視野，滿足人群休閑活動(dòng)，可組織戶外露營(yíng)，燒烤，小型音樂會(huì)等多方面的活動(dòng)，滿足各類人群需求。

c.濱水休閑區(qū)：場(chǎng)地潏河和樊川湖邊經(jīng)過(guò)土方和水系的梳理后形成良好的景觀界面，可作為優(yōu)質(zhì)的休閑場(chǎng)所，設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)場(chǎng)地特征，在景觀較好的界面設(shè)計(jì)了景觀休閑節(jié)點(diǎn)，其中包括潏河邊的濱水景觀棧道，樊川湖邊的景觀濱水廣場(chǎng)，北岸的濱水挑臺(tái)以及一些小型的濱水臨時(shí)停留空間。讓人群在休閑中可以享受親水的樂趣。

3）添置構(gòu)筑物：場(chǎng)地中構(gòu)筑物包括景觀休閑廊架，景觀步行橋，通過(guò)空間的變化營(yíng)造不同的觀景效果。在材料使用上多使用鋼結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)，施工方便快捷。部分使用玻璃鋼材料，玻璃鋼材料有著通體性的特征，使廊架整體結(jié)構(gòu)統(tǒng)一，一體成型。另外在構(gòu)筑物的鋪裝方面使用了竹木鋪裝以及透水混凝土鋪裝。竹木使較為新型的材料，竹木的快速生長(zhǎng)繁殖的特性，給景觀材料帶來(lái)了較為生態(tài)環(huán)保的可行性。

4）植物修復(fù)，生態(tài)保育

植物設(shè)計(jì)利用場(chǎng)地的河岸邊的優(yōu)勢(shì)，對(duì)植物種植進(jìn)行梳理研究，采用適應(yīng)性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、生態(tài)型原則對(duì)場(chǎng)地植物進(jìn)行生態(tài)化修復(fù)。

選用鄉(xiāng)土樹種或已再本地成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境較為適應(yīng)，且不會(huì)對(duì)其他物種造成侵害的外來(lái)樹種；保留現(xiàn)狀長(zhǎng)勢(shì)良好的植物，新增喬木與地被植物選用成本較低、成長(zhǎng)較快、且容易管理的品種；綠地低于道路，有效收集道路積水，結(jié)合綠地中的坡度和收水設(shè)施，經(jīng)各種植物的凈化、吸收和蓄存，構(gòu)建相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的植物群落，為水凈化蓄存和生物保育提供良好的自然條件，從而形成可持續(xù)發(fā)展的生態(tài)綠地。

In view of the above problems and challenges, this case attempts to design the trestle type hydrophilic lake shore. 

There are three specific strategies:

Strategy 1: Balance the earthwork and make the best use of the left materials

Weaken the steep slope of the river side and change it into a gentle slope to meet the plant planting and the safety of the population. At the same time, it also leaves a scalable flow space for the river to make it elastic. Landscaping the construction waste soil, let the soil piled on both sides of the road become landscape terrain, and the upper part is covered with planting soil.

Strategy 2: Strengthening ecological corridor of Juehe river

The soil of Juehe river and lake Fan Chuan is blocked by the site, and the Fan Chuan lake and the Juehe River are connected through an internal river. The sponge system is used to design and collect rainwater and discharge it into the river as landscape water. The water supply outlet in the southeast corner of the site is connected with the inland river to provide a complete streamline for the river, and restore the water ecological environment.

Strategy 3: Humanized design to meet the needs of all parties

After earthwork treatment and the dredging of the river are completed, it brings an ecological base to the site. After that, we began to establish human-oriented activity nodes on the basis of ecology. The measures including: combing the road streamline, increasing the activity nodes of the population, adding structures, plant restoration and ecological conservation.

結(jié)論

Conclusion

西安的八大水系守護(hù)著幾千年來(lái)的西安文明?？焖侔l(fā)展的城市化進(jìn)程產(chǎn)生了大量的建筑垃圾及生活垃圾，八水繞長(zhǎng)安的城市美景也在這場(chǎng)城市化運(yùn)動(dòng)中也遭受了大量的破壞。通過(guò)本次的項(xiàng)目研究，希望能給西安地區(qū)的相似場(chǎng)地建筑垃圾的景觀化處理以及水系的生態(tài)化處理帶來(lái)一定的參考。樊川公園建成后為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駧?lái)了一條新生的河流，成為周邊居民休閑娛樂、周末帶娃的備選地之一，一個(gè)個(gè)美好的畫面成為西安老百姓日常生活的真實(shí)寫照。

The eight water systems in Xi'an protected the civilization of Xi'an for thousands of years. The rapid development of urbanization has produced a large number of construction waste and domestic waste. The beautiful city sceneries of eight rivers around Chang'an has also suffered a lot of damage in this urbanization movement. Through this project research, we hope to bring some reference to the landscape treatment of construction waste in similar sites in Xi'an and the ecological treatment of water system. After the completion of Fanchuan Park, it has brought a new river to the local residents and become one of the alternative places for the surrounding residents to have leisure and entertainment and take their children on weekends. The beautiful pictures have become a true portrayal of the daily life of the people in Xi'an.

_{版權(quán)聲明：本文版權(quán)歸原作者所有，請(qǐng)勿以景觀中國(guó)編輯版本轉(zhuǎn)載。如有侵犯您的權(quán)益請(qǐng)及時(shí)聯(lián)系，我們將第一時(shí)間刪除。}

_{投稿郵箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{項(xiàng)目咨詢：18510568018（微信同號(hào)）}