西安灃河（文教園段）濕地生態(tài)公園景觀設(shè)計 | GVL怡境國際集團

主客共享的“大公園，微旅游”理念讓那些花錢的市政景觀項目，通過運營思維有了賺錢的可能。市政類項目可以滿足市民的休閑需求，綠樹成蔭、花團錦簇，樓臺亭閣，鶯歌燕舞——這樣的美景令人賞心悅目，一經(jīng)面世定會讓市民樂開了花兒。但如果僅停留于此，這樣的笑容恐怕未必長久。如果沒有收益，在經(jīng)歷一段運營期后，一些項目就會因為運維問題而難以持續(xù)展現(xiàn)當(dāng)初的美景，從而陷入雜草重生，垃圾遍地的窘境。而由GVL怡境國際集團設(shè)計的西咸灃河生態(tài)濕地公園，將單一市政功能的公園變身為可持續(xù)運營的旅游景點，通過“大公園，微旅游”模式解決了這一難題。

^{With the idea of “big park and micro tourism”, it is possible to make many costly civil landscape projects profitable. Civil projects will meet citizens’ demands for relaxation. Green trees, colorful flowers, platforms, and pavilions as well as singing birds form a beautiful scene, which is sure to bring joy and happiness to the citizens upon completion. However, it’s far from enough. The problem is that, without proper operation and any earnings, the beautiful scene will not last long. And finally places will be overgrown with weeds and wastes and covered by wastes everywhere. Nevertheless, Xi’xianFeng River Wetland Park, which is designed by GVL Group, has been transformed into a sustainable tourism destination. The model of “big park and micro tourism” has solved the problem.}

^{▲公園鳥瞰圖，bird-eye’s view of the park}

項目區(qū)位

Location

在西咸新區(qū)，一條20公里長的大西安新中心新軸線橫貫?zāi)媳?，勾勒出未來城市新的功能與形象格局。而灃河作為貫穿西咸新區(qū)南部的主水脈，是西安文化古城與西咸國際新區(qū)的交界線，承載了自西周以來燦爛的歷史文化遺產(chǎn)，也被寄望城市的未來。

^{In Xixian New District of Xi’an City, a 20km long new urban axis runs across the new city center from south to north, outlining the new future of the city. As the main river flows through the South of Xixian New District, Feng River is the boundary between Xi’an ancient city andXixian International New District, witnessing the splendid history of the city and embracing its beautiful future.}

^{▲項目區(qū)位分析，灃河作為主水脈貫穿西咸新區(qū)南部，location analysis, Feng River flows through the South of Xixian New District as the main river}

項目位于灃河西岸西寶高速至科技六路之間的濱河生態(tài)景觀帶，全長4公里，河岸平均寬度100米，占地面積約88萬平方米，是進入西咸國際文化教育園的東部門戶。

^{Located on the west coast of FengRiver, between Xi’an-Baoji Expressway and the No. 6 Keji Road， the site is about 4km long and 100m wide averagely, covering a total area of about 880,000 m2. It is the east entrance of Xixian International Cultural and Educational Park.}

^{▲項目區(qū)位分析圖，location of the project}

設(shè)計緣起

Design Purpose

2014年8月，西咸文教園以國際化的城市設(shè)計指引建設(shè)，從一紙規(guī)劃走向落地。14平方公里的生地上亟待展示區(qū)，為國際社區(qū)提供高端服務(wù)配套，吸引人流的同時營造招商環(huán)境。但單純設(shè)計一個美麗、生態(tài)的公園，能夠為城市新區(qū)建設(shè)帶來何種能量？公園后期養(yǎng)護成本何以維持？是設(shè)計團隊面臨的問題。對此，怡境集團董事長彭濤帶領(lǐng)設(shè)計團隊多次赴現(xiàn)場，與建設(shè)方項目主要負責(zé)同志密切溝通，試圖以運營思維推導(dǎo)設(shè)計，站在未來的角度思考項目定位。

怡境集團董事長彭濤認為，“設(shè)計團隊面臨的不僅僅是一個市政景觀設(shè)計任務(wù)書，而是從整個西咸文教園區(qū)的運營來思考如何導(dǎo)入客群流量，為公園運營方提供財政反哺。”

^{August, 2014, Xixian Cultural and Educational Park was completed according to plan. The 14 sq.km park is in need of an exhibition zone to provide high-end services and attract consumers. However, what a beautiful and ecological park will bring to the new district, and how to realize its long-term maintenance? These problems have greatly challenged the design team. Therefore, the Chairman of GVL Group Peng Tao has led the design team to investigate on site and communicate with the people in charge for many times, trying to plan and design from the perspective of operation and future.}

^{As MrPeng Tao said, “It is not only an assignment of civil landscape design but also a task involving the future operation and maintenance. What we need to think is how to attract consumers and provide financial support for the long-term operation.”}

^{▲灃河（文教園區(qū)段）濕地生態(tài)公園總平面圖，site plan of Feng River Wetland Park (Cultural and Educational Park part)}

為此，怡境設(shè)計團隊提出市政項目的旅游邏輯：以“大公園，微旅游”的思路，將市政公園項目作為旅游目的地來考慮，既解決了城市雙修問題，又解決了旅游產(chǎn)品的構(gòu)建問題，同時還以“小生活，新模式”理念賦予了區(qū)域市民以新生活方式，最終得以實踐西咸新區(qū)的“創(chuàng)新城市發(fā)展模式”。

^{Accordingly, GVL team has proposed to design and operate the project in the mode of tourism operation. With the idea of “big park and micro tourism”, the team has designed the civil park as a tourism destination. In addition, the idea of “micro life and new mode” has introduced a new lifestyle to the citizens, which finally benefits the “innovative urban development” of Xixian New District.}

^{▲公園鳥瞰圖，植物空間、濕地空間和人行步道空間相互交融，bird-eye’s view of the park, the plants, wetlands and walk paths integrate into a whole}

01. 城市雙修工程：以“古河道，新綠洲”實現(xiàn)城市雙修

Urban Renovation: Renovate the urban area with the idea of “old watercourse and new oasis”

蕩蕩“八水繞長安”，歷史上的“渭、灞、浐、涇、灃、滈、澇、潏”擁城澤地，在西安附近構(gòu)筑成天然密集的水網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)，給長安帶來了“陸海”（指湖泊和池沼較多）的美稱。但此后“八水”遭受不同程度的侵擾，重構(gòu)灃河及周邊的生態(tài)環(huán)境，讓沉寂的河道煥發(fā)新的生機迫在眉睫。

^{Surrounded by Wei River, Ba River, Chan River, Jing River, Feng River, Hao River, Lao River and Yu River, Chang’an, the ancient name of Xi’an City, was once called the “sea on the continent”. However, the eight rivers have been destroyed more or less since then. Reconstructing the eco system along Feng River and recovering the watercourse are very urgent.}

^{▲公園局部鳥瞰圖，partial bird-eye’s view of the park}

候鳥棲息 | Migratory Birds Habitat

項目所在灃河段，還是全國三大候鳥遷徙路線之一的中部路線，場地中原有的灘涂濕地，每年十月至次年三月，將迎來多種候鳥棲息。

^{Feng River is on one of the three migration route of birds. The intertidal zone and wetland within the site are the habitat for migratory birds. Every year, the wetland will welcome different species of birds from October to March.}

^{▲候鳥棲息地設(shè)計概念圖，design concept of the migratory birds habitat}

設(shè)計師利用雨水的滯蓄過程，設(shè)置環(huán)境友好的拋石圍堰，創(chuàng)造更豐富的濕地系統(tǒng)，營造適合鳥類棲居的生境。而通過植物空間阻隔與人行流線引導(dǎo)，同時不干擾鳥類的活動。

^{To collect water, the designers have created a weir with ripraps to create an effective wetland system and a sound environment for the birds. Plants and walk paths are used to protect birds from any disturbance.}

^{▲候鳥棲息地，結(jié)合拋石圍堰營造適合鳥類棲居的生境，the migratory birds habitat, creating a sound environment for the birds with a weir with ripraps}

^{▲候鳥棲息地，植物空間與人行步道保護鳥類的活動免受干擾，the migratory birds habitat, plants and walk paths are used to protect birds from any disturbance}

海綿城市 | Sponge City 

西咸新區(qū)灃西新城為全國首批海綿城市建設(shè)試點區(qū)，項目擔(dān)當(dāng)起文教園景觀綠地系統(tǒng)實踐海綿城市的試驗點。海綿城市團隊運用填-挖方技術(shù)，營造微地形形成天然海綿體，通過雨水花園、人工濕地、生態(tài)草溝、滲透池、蓄水模塊等設(shè)計收集酸性雨水，地面選用會呼吸的環(huán)保材料，符合年徑流總量控制率超過85%，雨水徑流面源污染消減量大于60%，用水回用30%以上的技術(shù)要求，真正具有“彈性”和“可持續(xù)性”。

As one of the the pilot districts of Sponge City technology, Fengxi New Town of Xixian New District is an experimental site within the cultural and educational park. The Sponge City team has created a micro-topography by filling and excavating. Rainwater garden, artificial wetland, bio-swale, infiltrating pool and reservoir are designed to collect acid water. The ground is covered by breathable materials to ensure the annual flow, reduce the pollution of the rainwater, and recycle the waste water. All these measures ensure the flexibility and sustainability of the park.

^{▲海綿城市概念圖，concept diagram of the sponge city}

^{▲公園局部，通過微地形、雨水花園、生態(tài)草溝等設(shè)計來實現(xiàn)海綿城市的概念，partial view of the park, realizing the idea of the sponge city by micro-topography, rainwater garden and bio-swale, etc.}

濕地凈化體系圖：濕地凈化 | Wetland Purification System: Wetland Purification 

利用現(xiàn)狀供水泵站每日排出的反清洗用水，設(shè)計梯級凈化濕地/雨水花園，構(gòu)建線性人工生態(tài)濕地，在超量雨水時由末端原規(guī)劃的排澇泵站排出，達到水源的動態(tài)平衡，形成集科普性、參與性、觀賞性為一體的濕地體驗。

^{Making use of the drainage water from the supply pumping station, the team designed a stair-style rainwater garden and a linear artificial wetland. Excessive rainwater will be drained away to keep a balance of the water. It has created a wetland for education, participation and touring.}

^{▲濕地凈化體系概念圖，concept diagram of the wetland purification system}

02. 旅游產(chǎn)品構(gòu)建：以“大公園，微旅游”構(gòu)建產(chǎn)品體系

Creation of A Tourism Product: The idea of “big park and micro tourism” helps to establish a product system

“觀光的草坪千篇一律”幾乎成為城市公園建設(shè)的通病，“有趣的公園萬里挑一”才是滿足現(xiàn)代城市生活的要點。設(shè)計團隊站在社會問題的角度審視設(shè)計，項目前期對西安各大公園開展實地調(diào)研，摸查市民的使用滿意度，從中探尋有待設(shè)計解決的問題。同時，通過民意調(diào)查和大數(shù)據(jù)捕捉文教園潛在游客和未來居住人群的需求，以科學(xué)分析結(jié)合感性的認知進行功能梳理。調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn)，業(yè)態(tài)豐富、有創(chuàng)意、體驗感強的公共開放空間是現(xiàn)代城市居民的主要訴求，人們更向往時間短、距離近的互動型和社交型旅游活動。

^{To design a park which is interesting and different from others is the key to meet the demands of modern city life. Before the design, the team has had a survey on the satisfaction of parks in Xi’an City, trying to find some solutions during the process. At the same time, the team predicted the requirements of the potential tourists and future residents according to the survey and big data, and then defined the functions. According to the investigation, public spaces which are multifunctional, creative and rich in experiences are popular with modern citizens. Modern people prefer to participate in nearby and social-type tourism activities.}

^{▲公園局部鳥瞰圖，一個業(yè)態(tài)豐富、有創(chuàng)意、體驗感強的公共開放空間，partial bird-eye’s view of the park with public spaces that are multifunctional, creative and rich in experiences}

植物迷宮 | Plants Labyrinth

迷宮圖案抽取西周青銅器云紋和雷紋，圓形與方形的連續(xù)構(gòu)圖，象征對大自然的崇敬。

^{Labyrinth pattern is inspired by bronze ware of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Circular and square patterns show respect to nature.}

^{▲公園局部，云紋和雷紋的植物迷宮采用圓形與方形的連續(xù)構(gòu)圖，partial view of the park, the plants labyrinth uses circular and square patterns, inspired by bronze ware of the Western Zhou Dynasty}

^{▲從高點的觀景臺看植物迷宮，viewing the plants labyrinth from the high spot of the platform}

地形起伏的花田 | The Rolling Flower Field

地形起伏的花田，通過流線組織出高點俯視、身在其中、豁然開朗的多重體驗。

^{The rolling flower field provides multi-experiences from different perspectives.}

^{▲公園中起伏的草坪綠地，the rolling grassland in the park}

^{▲公園中的黃色花田，the yellow flower field in the park}

^{▲置身于地形起伏的紫色花田中，putting oneself in the rolling purple flower field}

^{▲流線組織出高點，俯視花田，overlooking the flower fields at the high spot organized by the circulation}

游樂場：探索性游戲空間 | The Playground: A Place Encourages Children To Experience And Explore

設(shè)計尊重河堤外場地的高差，將游樂場設(shè)計成一個探索性游戲空間，讓孩子充分發(fā)揮想象力去探索趣味。

^{The design has taken advantage of the height differences out of the embankment and designed a playground which will encourage children to experience and explore.}

^{▲公園局部鳥瞰圖，色彩斑斕的游樂場空間，partial bird-eye’s view of the park, the playground area is rich in color}

^{▲游樂場空間，利用河堤外場地的高差設(shè)置，the playground space designed by taking advantage of the height differences out of the embankment}

^{▲游樂場局部，一個探索性游戲空間，partial view of the playground space that encourages children to experience and explore}

^{▲孩子們在游樂場上玩耍，children are playing on the playground space}

03.精致生活賦能：以“小生活，新模式”賦能精致生活

^{Boutique Life: The idea of “simple life and new mode” contributes to a boutique life}

西咸文教園是集健康、休閑、文化、生態(tài)、服務(wù)于一體的高端國際社區(qū)。為滿足高知客群對生活品質(zhì)、學(xué)習(xí)教育、自我價值的追求，項目建筑團隊設(shè)計了與環(huán)境高度融合的精品建筑，營造輕松的氛圍，形成多場景的交流場所；以運營的思維策劃全年全齡的活動，打造最強的歸屬感的社區(qū)情感聯(lián)系。

^{Xixian Cultural and Educational Park is high-end international community integrating healthcare, recreation, culture, ecology and service. To meet the demands for high-quality life, education and self-worth, the architectural design team has created a boutique building which is in perfect harmony with the surroundings. Relaxing atmosphere and varied communication spaces will satisfy people of different ages all year round. It will strengthen the bond between the citizens and the community.}

24驛布點計劃 | 24-hour Service Station 

灃河活力廊道作為交通大動脈，以500米服務(wù)半徑設(shè)置24驛，智能服務(wù)系統(tǒng)聯(lián)系大西安旅游。

^{Along the main road, “Feng River corridor”, 24-hour service stations are built to serve a radius of 500 meters. The intelligent service system is connected with the Xi’an Tourism system.}

^{▲24驛站設(shè)計概念，concept of the 24-hour service station}

這里同樣歡迎遠到而來的客人，在公園里的房車、帳篷營地即可24小時體驗生態(tài)戶外的野趣。

^{The Wetland Park welcomes tourists from afar with the caravan and tent camp which allows people to have colorful outdoor experience at any time.}

^{▲灃河濕地生態(tài)公園房車、帳篷營地區(qū)，the caravan and tent camp area}

為最大程度融入生態(tài)、自然場域，建筑團隊以現(xiàn)代手法，呼應(yīng)山、水的形象，使用簡潔的體塊讓虛實空間在此交融，為高知客群提供智慧型社交場所。能量補給站，兼具加油、超市、公共洗手間、餐廳、便民警務(wù)室等功能。另外，考慮到現(xiàn)代城市人的娛樂訴求，設(shè)計師對公園場地進行彈性設(shè)計，預(yù)留出足夠的空間為音樂節(jié)等活動提供場地。父母的周末是孩子們的專屬時間，同時也是家庭之間的社交時間。在簡約、時尚的咖啡廳，感受生活在當(dāng)下的無限美好。

^{To keep in harmony with the surroundings, the architectural design team have created simple and elegant blocks by modern skills, which provide people with intelligent social spaces. The buildings house petrol station, supermarket, bathroom, restaurant and police office. What’s more, to meet people’s desire for entertainment, the team insists on flexible design and sets aside enough spaces for activities like music festival. Weekends are the happy time for parents and children as well as for family reunion. Elegant and fashionablecaféhouse will allow people to enjoy beautiful life.}

^{▲公園局部，將步道和建筑體量融入生態(tài)和自然場域，partial view of the park, the walk paths and blocks keep in harmony with the surroundings}

^{▲公園局部，簡潔的體塊讓虛實空間交融，partial view of the park, simple and elegant blocks merge into the surroundings, integrating the solid and void spaces}

^{▲公園建筑內(nèi)部，interior view of the blocks in the park}

結(jié)語 Epilogue

“蒹葭蒼蒼,白露為霜。所謂伊人,在水一方。溯洄從之,道阻且長;溯游從之,宛在水中央?！薄x自《詩經(jīng)》《國風(fēng)·秦風(fēng)·蒹葭》篇，而《詩經(jīng)》的開篇即誕生在灃河。

^{“The reeds on the riverside are bluish green, white dews of deep autumn condense into frost. My lover,I miss you day and night. You just stand on the other shore of river water“. The beautiful poem is quoted from Shih Ching (The Book of Songs in ancient China), which just describes the beautiful image along Feng River.}

^{▲公園局部，partial view of the park}

^{▲公園局部，步道旁設(shè)有休息空間，partial view of the park, arranging seating area beside the walk paths}

將市政項目落地成為旅游景點，是GVL怡境國際集團在城市新區(qū)建設(shè)中，把思路從景觀設(shè)計任務(wù)中抽離出來，聯(lián)合業(yè)主單位深入探索的新模式，期望在經(jīng)年之后，灃河濕地生態(tài)公園依然能夠保持“在河之洲，伊人依舊”的美好生活景象。灃河生態(tài)濕地公園里豐富的季節(jié)體驗，讓人們收獲了一年四季的快樂。

^{Transforming a simple civil project into a tourism destination is a new mode proposed and created by GVL Group and the developer. We really hope that Feng River Wetland Park remains to be a beautiful destination many years later. Feng River Wetland Park provides colorful experiences in four seasons.}

^{▲灃河生態(tài)濕地公園的春夏秋冬，four seasons of the Feng River Wetland Park}

^{項目名稱：灃河（文教園段）濕地生態(tài)公園}

^{委托單位：陜西西咸文化旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)集團有限公司}

^{項目類型：城市開放空間}

^{項目面積：882053平方米}

^{設(shè)計時間：2016~2017年}

^{竣工時間：2019年}

^{旅游規(guī)劃設(shè)計：彭濤、劉剛、吳翠平、羅許爍、馬潔、李烜釗、高雁、陳濤、王彥君、劉志勇、孫志強、曹陽、孟燦、馬春華、陳月玲、龔楚瑤、蘭宇虹、吳冰、楊東、呂瑞芬}

^{海綿城市設(shè)計：閭邱杰、周廣森、曹景怡、關(guān)曉芬}

^{環(huán)境建筑設(shè)計：劉治平、潘慶文、陳弈妤}

^{景觀設(shè)計：GVL怡境國際集團}

^{Project: Feng River Wetland Environmental Design:}

^{Client: Shaanxi Xixian Cultural Tourism Industry Group Co.,Ltd.}

^{Category: Urban Open Space}

^{Area:882,053 m2}

^{Year of Design:2016~2017}

^{Year of Completion: 2019}

^{Tourism Planning and Design:Peng Tao, Liu Gang, Wu Cuiping, LuoXushuo, Ma Jie, Li Xuanzhao, Gao Yan, Chen Tao, Wang Yanjun, Liu Zhiyong, Sun Zhiqiang, Cao Yang, Meng Chan, Ma Chunhua, Chen Yueling, Gong Chuyao, LanYuhong, Wu Bing, Yang Dong, LvRuifen}

^{Sponge City Design:LvQiujie, Zhou Guangsen, Cao Jingyi, Guan Xiaofen}

^{Architectural Design: Liu Zhi Ping, Pan Qingwen, Chen Yiyu}

^{Landscape Design: GVL Group}

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