寧夏中衛(wèi)大漠星河營(yíng)地接待中心設(shè)計(jì) | 三文建筑

場(chǎng)地和背景：騰格里沙漠中的某地 

Site and background: Somewhere in the Tengger Desert 

▼從營(yíng)地帳篷客房看接待中心  ?金偉琦

Service center viewed from the camp tent guest room

項(xiàng)目位于寧夏中衛(wèi)市沙坡頭景區(qū)范圍內(nèi)，是距離沙漠保護(hù)區(qū)約2公里的一處沙海中。近年來(lái)，中衛(wèi)的沙漠旅游方興未艾，大漠星河營(yíng)地是新開(kāi)發(fā)的一處營(yíng)地。項(xiàng)目作為營(yíng)地的主體建筑，既為營(yíng)地提供配套服務(wù)，如餐飲、綜合接待等，又需要成為整個(gè)營(yíng)地的標(biāo)志物。

The project is located in the Shapotou Touristic District in Zhongwei City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR), China, which is a sand sea about 2km away from the desert reserve. In recent years, desert tourism in Zhongwei is in the ascendant, and the Desert Galaxy Camp is a newly developed camp. As the main building of the site, the project not only provides supporting services for the camp, such as catering and comprehensive reception, but also serves as the symbol of the whole camp.

▼建筑成為沙漠中的標(biāo)志物  ?金偉琦

Building as a landmark in desert

場(chǎng)地周邊并沒(méi)有可參照的人文景觀或者歷史文脈。在此處，沙漠是最直觀，也最清晰的元素。起伏的沙丘，連綿向遠(yuǎn)方，天氣好的時(shí)候可以看到北面遠(yuǎn)處的山脈。仔細(xì)看，沙漠中并不是千篇一律：風(fēng)吹動(dòng)沙子形成的極富韻律的波紋；不知具體原因形成的沙團(tuán)；頑強(qiáng)的沙漠植物，干枯的枝條上開(kāi)著淺黃色的小花；還有沙漠甲蟲(chóng)爬過(guò)沙丘的痕跡等等。

There is no cultural landscape or historical context around the site. Here, the desert is the most intuitive and significant element, where the rolling sand dunes stretch into the distance. When the weather is good, the mountains in the north are clear to see. Observed carefully, the desert is not all of the same pattern, but with the rhythmic sand ripples formed by wind blow, sand masses formed for unknown reasons, tenacious desert plants with small light yellow flowers on their dry branches, traces of desert beetles climbing over sand dunes, and so on.

▼建筑的直線和自然的曲線 ?金偉琦

Straight lines of the architecture and curves of the nature 

▼建筑與沙丘對(duì)話  ?金偉琦

Dialogue between building and sand dunes

這些大與小、同與異、生與死之間的對(duì)比都給建筑師感悟。

These comparisons between big and small, same and different, life and death give architects insight.

建筑概念：半掩埋于黃沙下的寶盒 

Architectural concept: a treasure box half buried under yellow sand

設(shè)計(jì)之初，建筑師查閱資料發(fā)現(xiàn)中衛(wèi)自秦代并入中華版圖后，一直是西北邊塞的重要哨所。雖然中衛(wèi)不直接在古絲綢之路上，也沒(méi)有銀川重要，但因?yàn)槠洫?dú)特的地理位置和自然環(huán)境——黃河和大漠，也留下了諸多事跡，如元太祖鐵木真就經(jīng)沙陀（今沙坡頭），至黃河九渡，攻取應(yīng)理縣（原中衛(wèi)縣）。而詩(shī)人王維的名句“大漠孤煙直，長(zhǎng)河落日?qǐng)A”據(jù)說(shuō)也是描寫(xiě)此處。悠久的歷史不禁讓人想象這片大漠下面到底埋藏了多少故事，等待人們?nèi)グl(fā)現(xiàn)。

對(duì)于一個(gè)在沙漠中的建筑，建筑師希望它符合沙漠的氣質(zhì)——神秘、無(wú)常，冷靜又熱烈，就像太多關(guān)于沙漠的故事一樣。建筑師選擇了直線和幾何形體作為構(gòu)成建筑的基本元素，模擬了一個(gè)半埋藏于黃沙中的巨大方體，并賦予了它一個(gè)敘事性的隱喻——被遺落的寶盒。一個(gè)被大漠淹藏，又等待發(fā)現(xiàn)的故事載體。

At the beginning of the design work, through access to information, the architect found that Zhongwei had been an important post in the northwest frontier fortress since it was incorporated into the territory of China in the Qin Dynasty. Although Zhongwei was not directly on the ancient Silk Road and was not as important as the City of Yinchuan, it also left many deeds because of its unique geographical location and natural environment - the Yellow River and the desert. For example, Gengiz Khan, the first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, passed through Shatuo (now Shapotou) to Jiudu Ferry of the Yellow River and captured Yingli County (formerly Zhongwei County). The famous Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei's most well-known verses, "The lonely smoke in the desert rises straight, and the setting sun over the Yellow River falls round.", is also said to describe the scenery here. The long history can't help but make people imagine how many stories are still buried under the desert, waiting for people to discover.

For a building in the desert, the architect hopes that it conforms to the temperament of the desert accordingly - mysterious, impermanent, calm and warm, just like so many stories about the desert. The architect chooses straight lines and geometric forms as the basic elements of the building, simulating a huge rectangular solid half buried in the yellow sand, and endows it with a narrative metaphor - the lost treasure box. A story carrier that is submerged in the desert and waiting to be found.

▼概念草圖 ?三文建筑

Concept sketch

▼隱藏在沙丘中的建筑  ?金偉琦

Building hidden in sand dunes

▼建筑，沙漠中的寶盒 ?金偉琦

Building as a treasure box in desert 

布局和空間：表里相離，奇正相應(yīng) 

Layout and space: the exterior and interior separated, and the odd and right corresponding

因用地限制，建筑沿西北-東南方向布置，總平面成類等腰三角形，底邊朝向西北方的騰格里沙漠。建筑形體如同一個(gè)傾斜的，半埋在沙漠中的盒子。表皮由穿孔的銹蝕鋼板覆蓋。西北方向打開(kāi)，采用通透的材料，形成室內(nèi)外視線的交流。

Due to the limitation of land use, the building is arranged along the northwest-southeast direction. The general plane is an isosceles triangle with the bottom facing the Tengger Desert in the northwest. The building is shaped like an inclined box half buried in the desert. Its skin is covered by perforated rusted steel plate. Opened in its northwest side, transparent materials are used to form the communication of indoor and outdoor lines of sight.

▼建筑如同一個(gè)插入沙漠中的幾何體 ?金偉琦

Building as a geometry inserted into the desert 

▼從西面看建筑  ?金偉琦

Building viewed from the west

▼建筑西北立面打開(kāi)，面向沙漠 ?金偉琦

The northwest facade of the architecture opening and facing the desert 

建筑中的功能空間是寶盒的本體，建筑師通過(guò)四層水平向體塊的堆疊和錯(cuò)位，解決了功能性問(wèn)題。建筑外表皮則是一個(gè)斜向的插入地面的長(zhǎng)方筒，有四個(gè)面露出地面，形成對(duì)建筑功能空間的“包裹”。兩套系統(tǒng)形成體塊和立面上的強(qiáng)烈交錯(cuò)：部分體塊會(huì)穿插到斜面表皮以外，形成三角形的“凸起”。部分位置又會(huì)出現(xiàn)斜面和主體之間的縫隙，形成若干有遮蔽的半戶外活動(dòng)空間，為使用者提供了不同的體驗(yàn)。

The functional space in the building is the main body of the treasure box. The architect solves the functional problem through the stacking and dislocation of four horizontal blocks. The outer skin of the building is an oblique rectangular tube inserted into the ground, with four faces exposed to the ground, forming a "package" of the building’s functional space. The two systems form a strong interleaving between the blocks and the facades: some blocks will be inserted outside the inclined surface to form a triangular "bulge". In some positions, there will be gaps between the inclined plane and the main body, forming a number of sheltered semi outdoor activity spaces, providing users with different experiences.

▼概念生成?三文建筑

Diagrams

▼建筑體塊的穿插和錯(cuò)位  ?金偉琦

Interpenetration and dislocation of building blocks

▼建筑體塊穿插到斜面表皮以外，形成三角形的凸起?金偉琦

Building blocks inserted outside the inclined surface to form a triangular bulge 

▼建筑主體與表皮之間的縫隙空間  ?金偉琦

Gap space between building body and skin

建筑入口位于東南面，和場(chǎng)地西面同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)的戶外舞臺(tái)遙望。建筑主體共4層，一層的主要功能是入口大廳、餐廳、廚房和后勤，二層為多功能廳和咖啡廳，三層是VIP室，四層為設(shè)備機(jī)房，在西北立面設(shè)有多個(gè)半戶外觀景平臺(tái)，既滿足了半戶外使用的需要，也豐富了建筑的體型。室內(nèi)空間布局基本方正，很好的滿足功能的需求。

The entrance of the building is located in the southeast, facing the outdoor stage designed at the same time in the west of the site far away. The main body of the building has four floors. The main functions of the first floor are entrance hall, restaurant, kitchen and logistics, the second floor is multi-functional hall and cafe, the third floor is VIP area, and the fourth floor is equipment room. Several semi outdoor viewing platforms are set on the northwest facade, which not only meets the needs of semi outdoor use, but also enriches the shape of the building. The indoor space layout is basically square, which well meets the functional requirements.

▼接待中心與戶外舞臺(tái)形成空間上的對(duì)望  ?金偉琦

Service center and outdoor stage facing each other in space

▼戶外舞臺(tái) ?金偉琦

Outdoor stage 

▼黃昏中的舞臺(tái) ?金偉琦

Stage in dusk 

▼從舞臺(tái)看接待中心  ?金偉琦

Service center viewed from stage

▼西北立面（的半戶外觀景平臺(tái)） ?金偉琦

Northwest facade 

▼大堂  ?金偉琦

Lobby

雙重屋頂：縫隙形成的光影與風(fēng) 

Double roofs: light, shadow and wind formed by gaps

建筑外形和內(nèi)部空間的“脫節(jié)”是建筑師的有意為之。這樣的處理使建筑具有雙重屋頂，從而回應(yīng)了沙漠地區(qū)的氣候特征。因?yàn)樯衬凶畈蝗钡氖顷?yáng)光，最需要的是風(fēng)和陰影。

據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)厝私榻B，沙漠建筑最好有一個(gè)“罩子”，哪怕只是在主體上空撐起一塊布，也會(huì)大大緩解陽(yáng)光的直射，形成涼爽的小氣候。銹蝕鋼板形成的第一層屋頂就是這層罩子。它遮擋陽(yáng)光，形成陰影，避免陽(yáng)光直接照射到第二層屋頂，造成室內(nèi)溫度過(guò)高。陰影形成的溫差（太陽(yáng)直射區(qū)和陰影區(qū)之間）也產(chǎn)生了風(fēng)。風(fēng)進(jìn)一步帶走雙重屋頂之間的熱量，降低夏季室內(nèi)的能耗，提升空間的舒適度。

The "disconnection" between the architectural shape and the internal space is the intention of the architect. This treatment gives the building a double roof, which responds to the climatic characteristics of the desert area. Because the most indispensable thing in the desert is sunshine, while the most needed things are wind and shadow.

According to local people, it is best to have a "cover" for desert buildings. Even if only a piece of cloth propped up over the main body will greatly alleviate the direct sunlight and form a cool microclimate. The first roof formed by rusted steel plate is this cover. It blocks the sunlight and forms a shadow to prevent the sun from directly shining on the second roof and resulting in excessive indoor temperature. The temperature difference caused by the shadow (between the direct sunlight area and the shadow area) also generates wind, which further takes away the heat between the double roofs, reduces the indoor energy consumption in summer and improves the comfort of the space.

▼第一層表皮形成對(duì)建筑主體的包裹  ?金偉琦

The first layer of skin forming a package for the main body of the building

與風(fēng)和陰影對(duì)應(yīng)的還有若干半室外平臺(tái)，使用者可以在平臺(tái)上小憩，并觀看沙漠的風(fēng)景。銹蝕鋼板上穿孔的設(shè)計(jì)有利于風(fēng)的穿行，并形成戲劇性的光影效果，也為半戶外空間增加了浪漫氣氛。

There are also several semi outdoor platforms corresponding to the wind and shadow, where users can take a nap and enjoy the scenery of the desert. The perforated design on the rusted steel plate is conducive to the passage of the wind, and forms a dramatic light and shadow effect, which also adds a romantic atmosphere to the semi outdoor space.

▼建筑表皮為穿孔耐候鋼板  ?金偉琦

Perforated weather resistant steel plate as building skin

▼半室外露臺(tái)  ?金偉琦

Semi outdoor terrace

▼露臺(tái)上戲劇性的光影 ?金偉琦

Dramatic light and shadow on the terrace 

結(jié)語(yǔ)和反思：做一個(gè)有顏值又健康的建筑 

Conclusion and reflection: to make a good-looking and healthy building

誠(chéng)然，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目還是有遺憾的：如因場(chǎng)地大小的改變，建筑不得不在原設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)上縮減體量，形態(tài)上也做了調(diào)整。又如對(duì)沙漠中風(fēng)沙帶來(lái)的運(yùn)營(yíng)成本提高考慮不足，平臺(tái)和屋頂穿孔板的設(shè)計(jì)使沙子可以進(jìn)入半室外空間，帶來(lái)了額外的清掃工作等。

Admittedly, this project still has some regrets: for example, due to the change of site size, the building has to reduce the volume based on the original design, and the form has also been adjusted. For another example, insufficient consideration is given to the increase of operation cost caused by wind and sand in the desert. The design of perforated plate of the platforms and roofs enables the sand to enter the semi outdoor space, which brings additional cleaning work.

▼夜晚，燈光從表皮的穿孔中透出 ?金偉琦

Light shining through the perforation of the skin at night 

但總的來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)有趣的項(xiàng)目，也是設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)就建筑與自然關(guān)系的又一次嘗試。設(shè)計(jì)關(guān)注人工物和所在環(huán)境的關(guān)系，但并不希望簡(jiǎn)單的模仿自然形態(tài)，或故作低調(diào)的隱藏建筑，而是以一種大方的態(tài)度，賦予建筑一定含義，用人工物與自然對(duì)話，使兩者可以和平的相處。另一方面，設(shè)計(jì)也回應(yīng)了場(chǎng)地的自然條件和氣候特征，最大限度的與環(huán)境友好相處。如雙重屋頂?shù)奶幚頊p少了熱輻射對(duì)室內(nèi)的影響，降低了能耗；采用鋼結(jié)構(gòu)和銹蝕鋼板等裝配式材料可以最大限度的減少混凝土的使用，一定程度上實(shí)現(xiàn)了可回收，減少對(duì)沙漠環(huán)境的影響等。其實(shí)，建筑形態(tài)和環(huán)境友好并不是矛盾的，建筑師在此希望將兩者編織在一起，營(yíng)造一個(gè)既有顏值又健康的建筑。

But in general, this is an interesting project and another attempt by the design team on the relationship between architecture and nature. The design pays attention to the relationship between artifacts and the environment, but does not want to simply imitate the natural form or pretend to hide the building in a low-key. Instead, it gives the building a certain meaning with a generous attitude and uses artifacts to talk with nature, so that the two can live in peace. On the other hand, the design also responds to the natural conditions and climatic characteristics of the site, so as to get along with the environment to the greatest extent. For example, the treatment of double roofs reduces the impact of thermal radiation on the room and thus lessens energy consumption. Also, the use of fabricated materials such as steel structure and corroded steel plate can minimize the use of concrete, realize recycling to a certain extent, and decrease the impact on the desert environment. In fact, architectural form and environmental friendliness are not contradictory. The architect hopes to weave the two together to create a good-looking and healthy building.

▼施工過(guò)程  ?三文建筑

Construction process

▼總平面圖  ?三文建筑

Master plan

▼首層平面圖  ?三文建筑

GF plan

▼2層平面圖  ?三文建筑

2F plan

▼3層平面圖  ?三文建筑

3F plan

▼剖面圖  ?三文建筑

Section

▼墻體大樣圖  ?三文建筑

Wall detail

^{項(xiàng)目信息}

^{項(xiàng)目名稱： 大漠星河營(yíng)地接待中心} 

^{地點(diǎn)：寧夏中衛(wèi)市沙坡頭}

^{業(yè)主：沙坡頭旅游公司} 

^{建筑設(shè)計(jì)：三文建筑} 

^{主創(chuàng)建筑師：何崴 ，陳龍} 

^{設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：李秋實(shí)，曹詩(shī)晴，趙馨澤}

^{建筑施工圖單位： 智誠(chéng)建科設(shè)計(jì)有限公司} 

^{施工圖團(tuán)隊(duì)：}

^{建筑：趙艷梅；}

^{結(jié)構(gòu)：李偉，金華；}

^{給排水：嚴(yán)玉肖；}

^{暖通：張敏；}

^{電氣：陸瑤，田凱}

^{建筑面積：2600平方米} 

^{設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間：2018年3月-2019年3月} 

^{完成時(shí)間：2021年5月} 

^{攝影：金偉琦} 

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