?；~塘的傳承困境！如何保護(hù)與展示農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)？

注：本文為刪減版，不可直接引用。原中英文全文刊發(fā)于《景觀設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)》（Landscape Architecture Frontiers）2023年第6期。獲取全文免費(fèi)下載鏈接請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊https://journal.hep.com.cn/laf/EN/10.15302/J-LAF-1-020086；參考引用格式見文末。

 

 

01引言

遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)區(qū)現(xiàn)狀 ? 馬蕊，高一菲，杜爽，范宇翔

非敘事性資源展示

導(dǎo)致公眾對(duì)遺產(chǎn)價(jià)值感知較弱

已有資源展示方式多為傳統(tǒng)博物館、室內(nèi)展示館或依托歷史建筑和遺跡的散點(diǎn)展示，這類非敘事性展示削弱了遺產(chǎn)的歷史、文化和在地價(jià)值。而非物質(zhì)文化資源展示則多供外部的研學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)使用，與當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦娜粘；顒?dòng)聯(lián)系較弱。同時(shí)，資源利用方式也較為單一，多以生態(tài)觀光、非物質(zhì)文化研學(xué)、美食體驗(yàn)為主，缺少?；~塘農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)、村落歷史文化遺產(chǎn)的深度體驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目。

傳統(tǒng)博物館：湖州魚桑文化研學(xué)院 ? 高一菲

在非敘事性資源展示模式下，公眾對(duì)遺產(chǎn)價(jià)值的感知較弱，村民也較難產(chǎn)生文化認(rèn)同感。因此，系統(tǒng)化展示和綜合利用?；~塘GIAHS的價(jià)值，是實(shí)現(xiàn)?；~塘農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)與當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的互動(dòng)，成為保護(hù)工作成功的關(guān)鍵。

遺產(chǎn)維護(hù)主體改變導(dǎo)致

?；~塘農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能衰退

近年來，隨著?；~塘系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的降低，當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)居民生計(jì)模式發(fā)生改變，一部分居民向城鎮(zhèn)轉(zhuǎn)移，還有部分將?；~塘復(fù)合種養(yǎng)模式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)轸~塘單一養(yǎng)殖模式，導(dǎo)致?；~塘系統(tǒng)面積縮減?；帘壤母淖兒蜕；~塘農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)的功能衰落，造成了水陸之間養(yǎng)分交換和能量流動(dòng)水平的變化，而單一種養(yǎng)模式下化肥和魚藥的使用也打破了農(nóng)業(yè)循環(huán)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡。

針對(duì)荻港村桑基魚塘GIAHS保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀，本研究借助多尺度保護(hù)實(shí)施框架，從地域、村域和場(chǎng)所三個(gè)尺度明確規(guī)劃要點(diǎn)，提出相應(yīng)的遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)策略

宏觀地域尺度

歸納地域自然文化特征，提煉遺產(chǎn)地域價(jià)值主題

從空間聯(lián)系的廣度來看，荻港村地處杭嘉湖中部低地平原區(qū)，具有濕地環(huán)境特征。從較長的歷史時(shí)期來看，荻港村?；~塘農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)的發(fā)展與湖絲貿(mào)易的興衰緊密相關(guān)?？蓺w納出荻港村獨(dú)特的自然和文化地域特征：杭嘉湖平原地區(qū)湖蕩圩田型聚落、依托湖絲貿(mào)易形成的歷史蠶業(yè)村莊、水利水運(yùn)工程，以及傳統(tǒng)?；~塘農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。據(jù)此提煉出荻港村?；~塘農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)地域價(jià)值主題為：杭嘉湖平原地區(qū)絲綢文化發(fā)展的完整見證。

圍繞地域價(jià)值主線，合理劃定遺產(chǎn)闡釋范圍

為荻港村?；~塘GIAHS地域價(jià)值劃定合理的闡釋范圍、進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)化闡釋，完整解說荻港村?；~塘GIAHS的意義，是破解目前遺產(chǎn)區(qū)“孤島式”“凝固式”保護(hù)問題的關(guān)鍵。圍繞“杭嘉湖平原地區(qū)絲綢文化發(fā)展完整見證”的價(jià)值主線，將空間上與蠶絲生產(chǎn)、生絲運(yùn)輸、絲綢貿(mào)易、湖絲文化相關(guān)的自然環(huán)境、文化遺產(chǎn)和產(chǎn)業(yè)遺產(chǎn)納入闡釋范圍內(nèi)。闡釋范圍包含遺產(chǎn)的自然（河、港、漾、塘等）與文化（歷史建筑、歷史遺跡等）、歷史（文化遺產(chǎn)和農(nóng)業(yè)遺產(chǎn)等）與當(dāng)代（?；~塘演變的一般魚塘、歷史文化名村中新建的民居和旅游服務(wù)設(shè)施等）要素，解釋了地域環(huán)境特征、鄉(xiāng)土景觀特征和傳統(tǒng)生計(jì)方式之間的關(guān)系。并且，劃定的價(jià)值闡釋范圍打通了鄉(xiāng)村聚落與農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)的邊界，將自然與文化、生活與生產(chǎn)空間作為一個(gè)完整的鄉(xiāng)村景觀遺產(chǎn)來看待。

荻港村遺產(chǎn)價(jià)值闡釋地圖 ? 馬蕊，高一菲，杜爽，范宇翔

首先，梳理和細(xì)化自然環(huán)境資源、聚落景觀遺產(chǎn)資源、產(chǎn)業(yè)景觀遺產(chǎn)資源，依據(jù)空間的形態(tài)將其劃分為點(diǎn)狀、線狀和面狀要素（表3）。其次，依據(jù)不同資源與遺產(chǎn)價(jià)值的關(guān)聯(lián)度、真實(shí)性與完整性狀況，將其劃分為一級(jí)遺產(chǎn)資源和二級(jí)遺產(chǎn)資源，以區(qū)分遺產(chǎn)資源展示的優(yōu)先級(jí)。

荻港村遺產(chǎn)價(jià)值展示的分級(jí)設(shè)施體系 ? 馬蕊，高一菲，杜爽，范宇翔

場(chǎng)所是田園空間博物館理念在鄉(xiāng)村實(shí)踐的最小單元。整體來看，微觀層面遺產(chǎn)的存續(xù)和社區(qū)居民的日?；顒?dòng)有密切聯(lián)系，在遺產(chǎn)敘事中，將單體要素、歷史事件與日常生活整合，有助于再現(xiàn)歷史場(chǎng)景，詮釋日常景觀存在的價(jià)值和意義。并且，將社區(qū)居民活動(dòng)融入遺產(chǎn)空間，強(qiáng)化日常景觀的地方感，能夠培育和塑造社區(qū)居民保護(hù)遺產(chǎn)的主人翁意識(shí)。

06結(jié)語

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本文引用格式 / PLEASE CITE THIS ARTICLE AS

Ma, R., Gao, Y., Du, S., & Fan, Y. (2023). Research on mulberry-dyke & fish-pond agricultural heritage protection based on the concept of rural environmental museum—Case study on Digang Village in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Landscape Architecture Frontiers, 11(6), 22?43.

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