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  • 《景觀設(shè)計學(xué)》2022年第2期

    作 者：
    姜斌（JIANG Bin），聶瑋（NIE Wei），李罡（LI Gang），陳箏（CHEN Zheng）等
    類 別：
    景觀
    出 版 社：
    高等教育出版社
    出版時間：
    2022年4月

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? 馬哲


修改寫在大地上的文章——2022年北京大學(xué)建筑與景觀設(shè)計學(xué)院畢業(yè)典禮上的致辭

（俞孔堅，《景觀設(shè)計學(xué)》2022年第2期“主編寄語”）

Revising Articles Written on the Land—Commencement Speech at 2022 Graduation Ceremony of the College of Architecture and Landscape, Peking University, by Yu Kongjian

 

親愛的同學(xué)們，熱烈祝賀在2022年畢業(yè)的所有碩士生和博士生，你們今天離開燕園，意味著開始一個新的人生篇章，也意味著社會將期待你們能對人類進(jìn)步有所貢獻(xiàn)！

關(guān)于知識分子的貢獻(xiàn)，最近開始流行起“在大地上書寫論文”的說法，這本該是建筑與景觀設(shè)計學(xué)院畢業(yè)典禮上最恰當(dāng)?shù)闹罗o，可惜已經(jīng)被泛濫挪用，不足以標(biāo)榜真正改天換地的職業(yè)。今天，我將“修改寫在大地上的文章”贈予從這個學(xué)院走出去的和將要走出去的才俊們，沒有任何其他學(xué)院的畢業(yè)生比你們更需要這樣的共勉！

值此又一波疫情襲擊北京之際，我被迫停留在遠(yuǎn)離大都市的遠(yuǎn)方，也因此得以有時間行走在大地上，仔細(xì)閱讀那些寫在大地上的文章。

我在田野上行走，那田野曾經(jīng)是我少年時勞作過的地方。赤腳，我穿越那方養(yǎng)育過我的水田，本期待能踩到泥土中滑溜溜的泥鰍和黃鱔，感受它們鉆過腳掌心時那直透心底的癢癢。我還期待在那薄薄的水面上，眾多碩大的青蛙昂著頭，它們凸出的眼睛就像那三星堆出土的面具那樣，在被踩到的剎那，突然潛入淺水面下的淤泥。但我失望了，那些熟悉的感覺始終沒有出現(xiàn)，泛濫的農(nóng)藥和除草劑早已將它們連同千百種昆蟲一起殺滅。在我的面前，這綿延卻缺乏生命、板結(jié)而堅硬、混雜著建筑垃圾和塑料的土壤，刺痛了我的腳掌。

我沿著河流行走，跟隨那河流穿過田野和山巒，一直走到長江支流最上游的山谷。我本以為能有一路的清流與鳥聲相伴，魚翔淺底、綠茵如帶，直至源自山崖的甘泉?？墒俏沂?，更多的時候我只見到曾經(jīng)蜿蜒的溪流已被裁彎取直，水泥鋼筋的防洪堤和一道道攔水壩將其變成僵尸般的水渠。那硬化的包裹甚至沿著從兩岸匯入的支流和灌渠，一直延伸到山腳下的涓涓細(xì)流處；嬌艷的園林花木裝點著瓷磚和漢白玉砌就的花壇。那包裹嚴(yán)絲合縫，不留魚蝦棲居之縫隙，也不留可降解污染物的植被。因此，我看到河道和兩岸的水塘濕地布滿了各種浮游藻類，并散發(fā)出臭味——來自農(nóng)田的污染已經(jīng)毒化了河湖的水源。

我循著古鎮(zhèn)的街道走去，那古鎮(zhèn)有一千多年的歷史，這里水陸交匯，曾經(jīng)富甲一方，文化燦爛。我本以為能沿著記憶中的石板古道行走，感受穿過水口林時的陰涼，聽到在古樟樹棲息的幾十種鳥兒的歡唱，還有那掩映在茂林修竹中的白墻黑瓦、古道兩側(cè)豐產(chǎn)的田園和煙雨中的炊煙。但是，我又失望了！因為水口已不復(fù)存在，那沾滿青苔的古樹也已經(jīng)不在，水泥大道切開了關(guān)闌水口，一串串紅燈籠沿路掛在“青龍偃月刀”形的燈柱上，一直通到村口的闊大廣場。超大尺度的亭臺樓閣此起彼伏，夸張的馬頭墻林立，拆掉了真實古鎮(zhèn)后又重金打造的“再造古鎮(zhèn)”巍然矗立。在這里，“美麗”被理解為涂脂抹粉和喬裝打扮，“歷史”被理解為仿古樓臺，“文化特色”被理解為器具符號。

我在大地上行走，細(xì)讀那由一個個景觀構(gòu)成的環(huán)境之書。這本書的內(nèi)容還有很多，許多時候我不忍正視。我從事在一個確實在大地上書寫文章的職業(yè)，常常自豪地推動轟轟烈烈的自然改造行動，卻也深憂于大地上這已經(jīng)寫就的一篇篇文章。

我因此而贈言于你們，該輪到你們書寫——更確切地說，修改這些文章了。請記住，那將代表你們在這里所得到和發(fā)展的學(xué)術(shù)，尤其是關(guān)于生態(tài)的學(xué)識和智慧，更代表了你們在這里所錘煉的關(guān)于美麗的鑒賞力。

 

Dear master’s and PhD students, congratulations on your graduation! Today, you are leaving the university and starting a new chapter in your life. The society looks to you to make a contribution to the progress of humanity!

As for the contribution of intellectuals, the popular phrase “writing articles on the land” might be the best words for the graduates from the College of Architecture and Landscape, but it has unfortunately been used too often to be a praise for landscape architects, professionals who are trained to design and shape the land. Today, I commend “revising articles written on the land” to all the graduates and students in this college, and I believe no graduate from other colleges is more appropriate for this calling than you are!

During the current pandemic outbreaks in Beijing, I have to stay far away from the metropolis, which gave me the time to walk and read the “articles written on the land already.”

I walked on the farmland where I had played and worked in my childhood. Barefoot, I walked through the paddy fields while expecting to step on some slippery loaches and rice field eels in the mud and feel the itch as they crept on my feet; expecting to find fat frogs holding their heads up above shallow waters, with bulging eyes just like the ones on the bronze mask from Sanxingdui Ruins; once stepped on, the frogs would suddenly dive into the mud. But I was disappointed that none of such scenes appeared. The abuse of pesticides and herbicides has killed most creatures, along with hundreds of insects. My feet were stung by this stretch of lifeless, hardened soil mixed with construction waste and plastics.

I walked along the river, across the fields and hills, and arrived at an upper-reach valley of one of the Yangtze’s tributaries. I was expecting to meet a clear stream, singing birds, swimming fish, flourishing forests, and fresh springs. But I was disappointed too. More often than not, I found the once meandering watercourse replaced with cutoff, hardened channels, and teared into several sections by levees and dams made of concrete and steel. The same goes for the sub-tributaries, irrigation ditches, and even foothill trickles. Ornamental flowers are planted in delicate parterres along the riverfront. Such hardened ditches destroy habitats for fish and shrimp and aquatic vegetation that can degrade pollutants. As a result, the rivers and ponds along the banks are smelly with overgrown and overspread algae—pollution from farmland has also poisoned the water source of local rivers and lakes.

I walked through the lanes and allays of an ancient town built a thousand years ago. Benefited from its rich water resources, the town was prosperous and splendid, both economically and culturally. I was expecting to follow the ancient stone paving allays in my memory, to have a shaded rest in Shuikou (village water inlet/outlet) forests, to hear the chorus of diverse birds on the old camphor trees, and to enjoy the view formed by white walls and black tiles hidden behind trees and bamboos, the productive orchards on both sides of the paths, and the smoke of the cooking fires in the rain. But, again, I was disappointed! Both Shuikou and the moss-strewn old trees are disappeared. Instead, cement roads separate water outlets, with strings of red lanterns hanging on lampposts in an exaggerated shape, and connect an oversized square at the entrance of the village. After demolishing the authentic ancient town, a new one was created on the same site with huge investment, where numerous buildings and structures, such as pavilions and the horse-head walls, are clustered. Here, “beauty” is interpreted as creating ornamental sceneries, “history” as forming ancient-looking images, and “cultural identity” as introducing stereotyped symbols.

I walked on the land, perusing the “book” consisted of various “articles.” There is so much more to this book that many times I cannot bear to look at it. I am so ashamed to be in the same profession with the ones who have created so many ignorant and hideous landscapes on the land—landscape architects should write “articles” that can truly and profoundly promote environmental improvement of the land.

Our future landscape architects, it is your time to write, or rather, to revise these articles written on the land. Please remember that the articles you write will represent your knowledge, especially your wisdom about ecology and aesthetics you have learned and developed in this university.


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