上海嘉定微型街區(qū)景觀設(shè)計(jì) | 非常建筑FCJZ

更具體的問(wèn)題是：一個(gè)街區(qū)能有多??？

我們認(rèn)識(shí)到：密度、比例和功能決定了一個(gè)街區(qū)的大小。由街道劃分的街區(qū)是城市肌理的一部分。

^{When Atelier FCJZ was given the opportunity to design an office park outside of Shanghai in the satellite town of Jiading, the Industry 4.0 Demonstration Base, we defined the challenge as following:The bigger questions: An office park is typically suburban, can we turn it more urban? What are the qualities of urban space? How to make the people use and enjoy them more?}

^{Furthermore, we focused on one specific question:How small can a block be?}

^{The size of a block is determined by density, scale, and program. A block is part of the urban fabric and defined by streets.}

在我們提出的總體規(guī)劃中，通過(guò)低層數(shù) (4層)，高密度（平均總體規(guī)劃容積率1.2 /街區(qū)容積率2）平鋪和混合功能，來(lái)提高城市的便捷性：這些建筑主要為高科技公司辦公，一層為公共/商業(yè)設(shè)施，居住部分（由于中國(guó)的功能分區(qū)法規(guī)中要求工業(yè)園內(nèi)只能有租賃公寓和酒店，而不能有公寓）在頂層。

^{In the master plan we propose, urban accessibility is improved by a low-rise (4 stories) high density (average master plan FAR 1.2 / block FAR 2) carpet and mixed programs: Mainly offices for high-tech companies with public/ commercial facilities on the street level and some residential elements (rental apartments and hotels but not condominiums due to Chinese zoning regulation) on the top floor.}

^{The primary urban space here is the street, which is 10 meters wide and spatially defined by the 3-meter wide covered walkways on the ground level of the buildings on both sides. As the project is situated in the southern Yangtze River region, covered walkways protect pedestrians from long rainy season and excessive sun in the summer.}

^{After considering the facts that each company will own the building up to 4,000 square meters, retail outlets and eateries would desire corner locations, walk-ability and connectivity between blocks, and more building-street interface in general, we set the block size at 41.2 x 41.2 meters.}

其他重要的維度:

網(wǎng)格：街道中心之間相距大約為50米x 50米。

街區(qū)/建筑模數(shù)：將41.2米分解為5個(gè)8米的柱距，兩端再各有0.6米用于建筑外立面處理。41.2 x 41.2米也符合每座建筑4000平方米的容積率，該面積允許若干小公司或一家大公司占用一個(gè)街區(qū)。這是一個(gè)單棟建筑的街區(qū)。雖然所有的建筑大小相似，但每個(gè)建筑的平面和立面設(shè)計(jì)都不同，這使得此開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目能夠滿足不同企業(yè)的空間和身份的需求，并豐富了城市空間的體驗(yàn)。

Other important dimensions:

^{Grid: Approximately 50 meters x 50 meters from street center to street center.}

^{Block/Building module: 41.2 meters break down to 5 x 8-meter column-to-column bays plus 0.6 meter on each end for potential architectural articulation of facade. 41.2 x 41.2 meter meets the floor area ratio of 4,000 square meters per block thus to allow a block to be occupied by a number of small firms or one large company. It is a single-building block. While all the buildings are of similar sizes, each one is designed differently in terms of floor plans and elevations, which allows the development to meet the varied space as well as identity needs of the businesses and enriches the experience in the urban spaces.} 

最早建成的4個(gè)街區(qū)：當(dāng)我們開(kāi)始第一組4個(gè)街區(qū)的建筑設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，我們首先布置了一系列公共功能，比如會(huì)議中心和酒店，其面積需求構(gòu)成一棟8層的建筑。為了忠實(shí)于我們的總體規(guī)劃，我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了兩組獨(dú)立的建筑：一組是四棟地面上4層的街區(qū)建筑；另一組是4層的環(huán)形建筑，“漂浮”在街區(qū)建筑之上。

這說(shuō)明，微型街區(qū)有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)更高的密度。

非常建筑設(shè)計(jì)了22棟街區(qū)建筑。

41.2街區(qū)與典型的500米以上街區(qū)截然相反（超大街區(qū)可達(dá)到800x800米），它是一個(gè)微型街區(qū)。

^{First 4 blocks: When we started the architectural design of the first four blocks, we were asked to facilitate a number of public functions, such as a convention center and a hotel, which result in a 8-story buildings. To be true to our master plan, we designed two separate pieces of architecture: One is four 4-story block-buildings on the ground; another is 4-story continuous loop-building that “floats” on the top of the blocks.This is an indication that the mini block may work for a higher density.}

^{There are 22 block-buildings designed by FCJZ.}

^{The 41.2 block is the antithesis of the typical 500-meter and up mega block (Super mega block would go up to 800x800 meters). It's the Mini Block.}

建筑圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)：

二樓及以上的樓層不允許退紅線，這也是設(shè)計(jì)導(dǎo)則中規(guī)定的。

設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程:

在中國(guó)，通常的控制性規(guī)劃沒(méi)有定義建筑物的具體位置和形狀，因此無(wú)法控制城市空間的質(zhì)量。我們制定了介于總體規(guī)劃和建筑設(shè)計(jì)之間的一套設(shè)計(jì)導(dǎo)則，作為規(guī)劃實(shí)施的重要工具。因此，其他參與該項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)院/事務(wù)所也都必須遵循這一設(shè)計(jì)導(dǎo)則。

^{Building envelope:}

^{Setback is not permitted from the second floor and up, also as specified in the design guidelines.}

^{The design process:}

^{The conventional master plan for control in China does not define the specific locations and configurations of buildings and as a result it does not control the quality of urban spaces. We developed design guidelines between the stages of master plan design and architectural design as a critical tool for implementation. Therefore, other design institutes/offices participating in the project have all followed the design guidelines.}