張家口工業(yè)文化主題公園 | 意景源創(chuàng)景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)

和廢墟聊聊天

^{Chatting with the Ruins}

京張鐵路，由詹天佑設(shè)計(jì)并主持修建，1909年建成，是中國首條自行獨(dú)立設(shè)計(jì)和營運(yùn)的鐵路。它是中國鐵路史的起點(diǎn)，而同年投入使用的張家口北站，便是這段歷史的重要標(biāo)志。

^{Jing-Zhang Railway, designed by Tianyou Zhan, was completed in 1909. It was the first independently designed and operated railway in China and was considered as the starting point of Chinese railway history. Zhangjiakou north railway station, which was put into use at the same year, was an important symbol of the period of history.}

^{▲火車頭文化廣場鳥瞰 ? FLA}

2019年，隨著作為2022冬奧會(huì)重要交通保障的京張高鐵開通，張家口南站成為這座城市新的樞紐，同時(shí)，服務(wù)逾百年的北站功成身退。事實(shí)上，北站與南站之間的鐵路在幾年前就已漸次停用，加上沿線的煤機(jī)廠、探機(jī)場面臨清退拆遷，這一片曾經(jīng)興旺繁盛、熱火朝天的工業(yè)重地早已喪失功能與地位，淪為了雜亂荒蕪的廢墟。尷尬的是，這一狹長區(qū)域穿越城市中心而過，猶如城市臉上一條無法忽視的疤痕，加上周邊是大面積住宅區(qū)，考慮到原城市肌理中公共休閑空間較少，政府決定將這片區(qū)域重新設(shè)計(jì)為公共景觀空間，用于提升市民的居住環(huán)境。綜合背景與訴求，我們將工作目標(biāo)定為——建造一所具有觀賞價(jià)值、人文意趣、同時(shí)滿足市民休閑娛樂需求的主題性公共空間。

^{In the year of 2019,  a new high speed railway station, Zhangjiakou south station was build and operated as an important traffic support for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. At the same time, Zhangjiakou north railway station which served for over 100 years, was no longer used and became history. As a matter of fact, the railway between the north station and the south station was out of service a few years ago. In addition, the coal machinery factories and the airport along this part of railway would be demolished. This part of land, once a prosperous and prosperous industrial area has lost its urban function and localization, and became a chaotic and desolate ruins.}

^{It is embarrassing that this long and narrow area passes through the center of the city was like a scar on the face of the city which can not be ignored. Considered that there was a lack of public leisure open space in the central area of the city surrounded by a large area of residential areas, the government was determined to regenerate this area to be a public landscape space in order to improve the living environment of citizens. Based on the comprehensive background and demands, we set our goal as to build a themed public open space with aesthetic value, humanistic interest and meeting the leisure and entertainment needs of the public.}

^{▲場地原貌 ? FLA}

現(xiàn)在一說到觀賞性與人文性，大家很容易聯(lián)想的就是中國園林、唐詩宋詞，五千年悠久歷史……這是時(shí)下的流行趨勢，一套中國風(fēng)模板，能無縫套用在所有的中國城市里，采用這樣的設(shè)計(jì)思路不費(fèi)腦也不出錯(cuò)。只不過，流行大多浮于表面，千篇一律的設(shè)計(jì)模板更是對場所特質(zhì)的漠視。當(dāng)我們認(rèn)真審視張家口這一段廢舊空地的時(shí)候，我們看到了經(jīng)年日久的鐵道枕木，銹跡斑斑的貨車車廂，早已停用但氣勢猶存的大型工業(yè)機(jī)器，曾經(jīng)喧囂如今空寂的廠房……這些物件與場所仿佛一群退休老人，初見面是沉默的，但如果你坐下來和他們聊聊天，就會(huì)聽到一段又一段精彩紛呈的鮮活歷史。

‘Aesthetic value’ and ‘humanistic interest’ are constantly associated with Chinese gardens, the poem of Tang dynasty and the verse of Song dynasty with a long history of over 5000 years. Traditional Chinese style landscape feature is popular at present and becomes to be a conventional design method, which can be regularly applied to most of projects in cities of China. Such way of design is stable and efficient, however,the temporary fashion is superficial and the abuse application on same design template ignores the original characteristics of the place. Carefully examined the site-a part of abandoned open space in Zhangjiakou, we saw a scene of old wooden railway sleepers, rusty railway carriages,large-scale industrial machines that have been out of use, and empty factories that once busy and noisy...These objects and places were like a group of retired old people. Silent when first met, however, when you sat down and chat with them, you would hear a wonderful and vivid story. 

^{▲張家口工業(yè)文化主題公園索引圖 ? FLA}

^{▲鳥瞰圖 ? FLA}

勘察過程中，我們透過廢墟感受到了這種活力與溫度。事實(shí)上，這段鐵路的歷史，包含著一代張家口人的青春回憶，也支撐著張家口工業(yè)發(fā)展的重要階段。土地有著自己的語言，如果掩蓋這種聲音，簡單粗暴地將舊地粉飾一新，最終的結(jié)果是喪失其獨(dú)特的表達(dá)。綜合考慮后，我們將設(shè)計(jì)思路確定為建造一所紀(jì)念張家口工業(yè)歷史的文化主題公園。在設(shè)計(jì)上注重勾陳與煥新——勾陳歷史，煥新價(jià)值，營造有故事、有溫度，獨(dú)屬于這一地帶的公共空間。

^{During the site survey, we felt the vitality and energy through the ruins. In fact, the history of this part of railway contains the youth memories of one generation of Zhangjiakou people, and also refers to the important stage of industrial development in Zhangjiakou. This land has its own language. If we ignore this voice by simply and rudely ornament this old land, the landscape will lost its unique characteristics.}

^{After comprehensive consideration, we decided to build a cultural theme park to commemorate the industrial history of Zhangjiakou. The adapt the concept of the design as ‘Recall and Innovation’. By recalling the history innovating the new value of the city, we aimed to create an unique warm and interesting public open space.} 

^{▲公園北入口 ? FLA}

勾陳與煥新

^{Recall and Innovation}

勾陳，就是從廢銅爛鐵中打撈寶藏。煥新，則是為老物件賦予新價(jià)值，易時(shí)易地，重現(xiàn)光彩，再次成為提振張家口市民生活環(huán)境的亮點(diǎn)。在這次設(shè)計(jì)中，我們基本保留了完整的鐵道。依據(jù)場地內(nèi)現(xiàn)存兩條主要的鐵路走向，形成公園的人字形布局，東西向?yàn)槿宋妮S線，展現(xiàn)張家口工業(yè)歷史進(jìn)程；南北向?yàn)檫\(yùn)動(dòng)軸線，結(jié)合冬奧會(huì)主題，以體育運(yùn)動(dòng)休閑公園作為主要功能形態(tài)。兩個(gè)軸線的交匯處是火車頭文化廣場。

^{The concept ‘Recall’ is to find a precious significance from existing scrap metal. ‘Innovation’ on the other hand, is to explore meaning and value from old objects. As time and place changed, these objects would be enlightened and once again become a highlight to boost the living environment of Zhangjiakou citizens.}

^{In this design, we retained the railway tracks. According to the existing two directions of main railway in the site, a ‘herringbone’ master plan of the park is formed. The east-west direction was designed to be the humanistic axis, showing the industrial history of Zhangjiakou, while the north-south direction, as the sports axis, combined with the theme of the Winter Olympic Games, and took the sports leisure park as the main function . The intersection of the two axes was designed as the locomotive culture square.}

^{▲火車頭文化廣場 ? FLA}

作為景觀核心亮點(diǎn)的火車頭文化廣場，其原場地為南口貨場，我們的設(shè)計(jì)圍繞著原場地內(nèi)的鐵軌和一座46米高的廢棄水塔來進(jìn)行。廣場以鐵軌為中軸，自北向南布置奧運(yùn)樹、火車頭噴泉廣場、龍門吊主題區(qū)、小蠻腰文化區(qū)四個(gè)部分，兩側(cè)為銀杏+白蠟的林下空間。我們將一臺產(chǎn)于1983年的上游型蒸汽機(jī)車放置于旱噴泉廣場中央，兩側(cè)則是用舊起重機(jī)機(jī)械臂改造的燈柱，兩者呼應(yīng)，形成了工業(yè)感十足的特色場域，旱噴泉?jiǎng)t增加了體驗(yàn)者的參與感，使氛圍輕松有活力。奧運(yùn)樹，舞動(dòng)的鋼鐵，用三維軟件嘗試了鋼鐵雕塑裝置的設(shè)計(jì)。

^{The locomotive culture square, the original site of which was Nankou freight yard,was designed as the core spot of this project.Our design focused on the railway tracks and a 46 meter high abandoned water tower in the site.Taking the railway track as the central landscape axis, the square was divided into four parts from north to south: the Olympic tree, the locomotive fountain square, the gantry crane and the slim waist. Ginkgo and ash trees was designed along both sides of the axis  to create shady spaces.}

^{A steam locomotive made in 1983 was arranged in the center of the fountain square. The discarded crane manipulators were transformed to be landscape lamp posts along both sides of the square. This two landscape elements echoed each other, creating a place full of industrial characteristics. A dry fountain were introduced in this area, which increased the human participation, making the atmosphere light and lively.}

^{For the design of the Olympic tree, in order to achieve the concept of‘dancing steel’, 3D software was used to promote the design of steel sculpture device.}

^{▲龍門吊主題區(qū) ? FLA}

龍門吊主題區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化了工業(yè)感。我們將原先煤機(jī)廠與探機(jī)廠的龍門吊天車置于場地之中，放置了一系列大型生產(chǎn)設(shè)備，布置上一定程度重現(xiàn)了當(dāng)年生產(chǎn)車間的場景。體驗(yàn)者倘佯其間，像撫摸藝術(shù)品一樣撫摸老舊機(jī)械，正如穿越時(shí)空，歷史觸手可及。另外，我們還用集裝箱、給水水管、枕木、古城磚等構(gòu)建了一處咖啡休閑區(qū)，將粗重的工業(yè)感與現(xiàn)代時(shí)尚揉和在一起。枕木的烏黑，龍門吊鮮明的橙紅，粗壯有利的機(jī)械設(shè)備，這便是重工業(yè)時(shí)代粗獷文明的表達(dá)。在這片區(qū)域的最后，我們將設(shè)計(jì)高潮留給了46米高的廢棄水塔，用鋼構(gòu)進(jìn)行包裹，同時(shí)在鋼構(gòu)上配置分時(shí)控制的LED照明系統(tǒng)。白天，它是城市有趣的大型裝置，夜間則變身大型燈光秀的載體，在整個(gè)區(qū)域內(nèi)成為極具張力的記憶點(diǎn)和標(biāo)志物。

^{The design on gantry crane increased the sense of industry further.The gantry crane of the former coal machinery factory and the exploration machinery factory was placed in this site along with large-scale industrial facilities which reemerged the scene of the workshop of that certain period. People would feel a sense of travelling through time and space by walking around and touching the old machinery. In addition, containers, water supply pipes, railway sleepers,old bricks etc.were used to build a leisure area,combining the heavy industrial feature with modern fashion characteristics. The black color of railway sleepers, the bright orange red of gantry cranes and the strong feature of mechanical facilities were the expression of rough civilization in the heavy industry era.}

^{At the end of this area, we set the water tower as the highlight point of the project.  This 46 meter high obsolete water tower were decorated with stainless steel and equipped with time-sharing LED lighting system among the stainless steel structure.During the day, it is an interesting large-scale device in the city, while at night it becomes the carrier of large-scale light show, and plays a role of a memory point and symbol with great tension in the whole area.}

^{▲廣場夜景 ? FLA}

^{▲夜間點(diǎn)亮的奧運(yùn)樹 ? FLA}

工業(yè)歷史，離不開對京張鐵路的紀(jì)念。公園的東西軸線設(shè)計(jì)為以時(shí)間為線索的景觀敘事。自西向東分別為詹天佑文化區(qū)、蒸汽朋克樂園、內(nèi)燃動(dòng)力劇場、電力時(shí)代廣場，串連出張家口這一城市的工業(yè)文明脈絡(luò)。作為起點(diǎn)的詹天佑文化區(qū)，其場地肌理取材于鐵軌變道，以鋼軌制作的主入口logo雄渾大氣，徐徐向東，陽光草坪兩側(cè)列植八塊京張鐵路的站牌，結(jié)合中心位置的詹天佑銅像，沉靜地講述著這座城市那段輝煌的故事。

^{Industrial history is inseparable from the commemoration of Jing-Zhang Railway. The east-west axis of the park was designed as a landscape narrative with time as the clue. From west to East, we designed Tianyou Zhan Cultural District, Steampunk paradise, internal combustion power Outdoor theater and electric power times square, connecting the industrial civilization of Zhangjiakou.}

^{Tianyou Zhan cultural district is the starting point of the park.The idea of design was based on the crossing railway tracks. Original materials such as steels from railway tracks were used to build the park Logo. We tried to build an strong and magnificent park entrance by placing eight poles of Jing-Zhang Railway station signs on both sides of the central lawn along the east direction. The signs combined with the bronze statue of Tianyou Zhan in the middle, interpreting the glorious story of the city.}

^{▲公園西入口的詹天佑文化區(qū) ? FLA}

^{▲工業(yè)時(shí)代廣場 ? FLA}

^{▲京張鐵路車站紀(jì)念牌 ? FLA}

于次銜接的蒸汽朋克兒童樂園則活潑歡快，充滿幻想氣息。在這里我們結(jié)合場地高差，在飛馬、大蝸牛、螞蟻等有塞北記憶的鄉(xiāng)土元素中大膽融入了蒸汽朋克風(fēng)格，同時(shí)改造工廠零件，將其變成滑滑梯等兒童娛樂設(shè)施，別具一格、童趣盎然、參與感極強(qiáng)，使孩子在玩耍中體會(huì)工業(yè)氛圍。

^{Secondly, the Steampunk children's Park, was lively and full of fantasy. The deign integrated with the height diversification of the original landform, and combined with Chinese north local elements such as flying horse, big snail, ant etc. On the other hand, we recreated the industrial components into children's entertainment facilities such as children slide, which were unique, full of children's interest and strong sense of participation. Children could experience the industrial atmosphere by playing in the space.}

^{▲蒸汽朋克樂園的飛馬滑梯 ? FLA}

內(nèi)燃動(dòng)力劇場是一處木平臺為主的室外空間，利用原有鐵路在場地內(nèi)行成的不同高差，用鋼板和工業(yè)元素構(gòu)成觀演空間，這也是一個(gè)懷舊的露天電影院。電力時(shí)代廣場，是將原先場地遺留的電力機(jī)車架線桿與光電地板結(jié)合，形成的互動(dòng)娛樂體驗(yàn)場地，適合體驗(yàn)者參與，同時(shí)獨(dú)特的外觀也適合留影拍照，增加景觀記憶點(diǎn)。

^{The internal combustion power theater was designed as an outdoor space with wooden deck.we combined the elevation differences which was shaped in history,with stainless steel and industrial elements to built a perfect film watching space. It was also a nostalgic open-air cinema.}

^{The electric locomotive stringing pole and photoelectric floor left over from the original site were used to form a interactive entertainment experience place.This place was suitable for the participants. At the same time, its unique appearance was suitable for taking photos and increasing the landscape memory as well.}

^{▲內(nèi)燃動(dòng)力劇場 ? FLA}

與歷史線濃墨重彩的風(fēng)格相平衡，公園南北向的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)主題公園在設(shè)計(jì)聲更加輕盈活潑?，F(xiàn)場原有的兩條城市鐵路得以保留，輔之以夜景照明后，為整個(gè)南北向公園塑造了一快一慢兩條步道，沿鐵路還鋪設(shè)有一條彩色瀝青跑道，整合整個(gè)南北向公園。布道與跑道兩側(cè)放置有原探機(jī)廠，煤機(jī)廠的工業(yè)設(shè)備，經(jīng)過防銹處理，它們的存在更像一條藝術(shù)長廊兩側(cè)的展品，與綠蔭，花卉互為凸現(xiàn)由相互融合，當(dāng)人們鍛煉，休閑，漫步時(shí)，移步換景，便完成了與這個(gè)城市文化的探望與對話。

^{Beside the historical line, the design feature of the North-South sports theme park was lighter and more lively. The original two urban railways on the site were well preserved, supplemented by landscape lighting system,, which creates two footpaths, one fast and one slow, for the north-south direction of the park .A colored asphalt runway was also paved along the railway to integrate north-south.Industrial equipment of the original exploration machine factory and the coal machine factory were placed on both sides of the footpath and runway. These equipment, after rust proof treatment, highlighted with green shade and flowers, became exhibitions,creating an art corridor.When people exercise, relax and walk, they change their steps and complete the visit and dialogue with the unique culture of the city.}

^{▲南北段奧運(yùn)體育公園 ? FLA}

^{▲奧運(yùn)體育公園的休憩涼亭 ? FLA}

^{▲奧運(yùn)體育公園中的遇見書店 ? FLA}

如何保存歷史？ 

^{How to preserve the history}

2018年，京張鐵路入選第一批中國工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)名錄。中國城市的歷史，不只有雕梁畫棟的古代史，更有與人們息息相關(guān)的現(xiàn)代史。在這次工作中，我們嘗試將真正的歷史與現(xiàn)代并置，尊重每一段歷史，每一個(gè)個(gè)體的價(jià)值，并探索了景觀文化的多樣性可能。結(jié)合新與舊，連接過去、現(xiàn)在和未來，使得一堆支離破碎的歷史廢料獲得價(jià)值，再次融入城市生機(jī)中，從荒涼變得溫暖，瘡疤變成亮點(diǎn)。

^{In 2018, Beijing Jing-Zhang Railway was included in the first batch of China's industrial heritage protection list.}

^{The history of Chinese cities is not only relevant on the ancient history of carved beams and painted buildings, but also the contemporary history closely related to people. In this project, we focused on the combination with history and modern fashion. We respect the value of each section of history and individual, and explore the possibility of diversity of landscape culture. Combining the new with the old, connecting the past, the present and the future,the design put a pile of fragmented historical waste with great value, reintegrated the landscape into the vitality of the city, and changed the place from desolation to warmth, scars to highlights.}

^{▲景觀挑臺 ? FLA}

^{▲工業(yè)元素的點(diǎn)綴 ? FLA}

^{▲結(jié)合鐵路創(chuàng)造景觀記憶點(diǎn) ? FLA}

風(fēng)景園林大師約翰·西蒙茲在《啟迪》一書中曾寫到：「接觸每一個(gè)人，每塊材料，每個(gè)地方和事物，去發(fā)現(xiàn)和挖掘它們的最佳特質(zhì)。」在本次張家口工業(yè)主題公園項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)工作中，我們再一次深刻感受到這樣做的重要與正確。歷史不僅是久遠(yuǎn)的也是鮮活的，文化藝術(shù)不僅收藏于博物館，也可能沉埋于廢墟中。試圖使破敗的可被觀賞，陳舊的可被閱讀，把歷史歸還生活，讓生活凝練出藝術(shù)。這是我們在這次整體設(shè)計(jì)中最有價(jià)值和值得記憶的部分。

^{In his book <lessons>, John O. Simonds, famous landscape architect wrote:}

^{‘Contact to everybody, touch every piece of material, understand every place and affair to discover and explore their best qualities.’}

^{In the design of Zhangjiakou industrial theme park project, we once again deeply understand the significance of John O. Simonds’ words. History is not only ancient but also vivid. Culture art are not only collected in museums, but also immersed in ruins. It is significant to change the dilapidated place to an appreciative, meaningful landscape,  return the history to life, and condense art from life.}

^{This is the most valuable and memorable part of our design.}

^{▲夜間的市民活動(dòng) ? FLA}

^{項(xiàng)目名稱：張家口工業(yè)文化主題公園}

^{設(shè)計(jì)方：北京意景源創(chuàng)景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)有限公司}

^{聯(lián)系郵箱：34802291@qq.com}

^{項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì) & 完成年份：2017.5-2019.6}

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