地方營(yíng)造：來(lái)自中國(guó)杭州“最佳實(shí)踐區(qū)”的啟示

良渚文化村20周年煥新計(jì)劃盡管告一段落，微更新激起的效應(yīng)仍在發(fā)酵中。

以白鷺公園和濱河公園為主的公區(qū)環(huán)境煥新后，不僅周邊居民的戶外活動(dòng)多了起來(lái)，一些遠(yuǎn)道而來(lái)的游客也將這里列為休閑娛樂(lè)目的地。居民的活動(dòng)范圍增大了，生活也變得更多樣化了。

對(duì)環(huán)境變化最敏感的感知者是兒童，公園里嬉戲的孩子多了起來(lái)，各個(gè)年齡層之間的互動(dòng)不經(jīng)意間也多了起來(lái)……居民的生活體驗(yàn)得到提升，人與環(huán)境、人與人之間的互動(dòng)也變得更具活力和溫情。

隨著活力的彰顯，良渚這個(gè)地方，也重新被人們所認(rèn)識(shí)、探討。

用微更新來(lái)激活空間，讓人與環(huán)境發(fā)生更深入的連接，是此次煥新的出發(fā)點(diǎn)，也是地方營(yíng)造的精神所在。

^{Although the 20th anniversary renewal plan of Liangzhu Cultural Village has come to an end, the effects of the micro-update are still fermenting.}

^{After the Egret Park and Binhe Park has been renewed, not only the surrounding have more outdoor activities, but tourists have also listed it as a leisure and entertainment destination. The scope of residents' activities has increased, and their lives have become more diverse.}

^{Children are the most sensitive perceiver of environmental changes. There are more children playing in the park, and more inadvertent interactions among all age groups... Residents’ life experience has been improved, and the relationship between people and the environment, the interaction between people them has become more energetic and warm.}

^{With the display of vitality, the place of Liangzhu has been recognized and explored again}

^{Using micro-renewal to activate the space and make people have a deeper connection with the environment is the starting point of this renewal and the spirit of place-making.}

01 什么是地方營(yíng)造？

What is Place-making?

“地方營(yíng)造”（place-making）最初是一個(gè)用于城市規(guī)劃和管理的概念，它源自于上個(gè)世紀(jì)六、七十年代的美國(guó)，由挑戰(zhàn)當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)主流城市規(guī)劃理論的學(xué)者所提出。他們強(qiáng)調(diào)城市規(guī)劃應(yīng)該以人為本、以為人們的日常生活提供便利和創(chuàng)造意義為工作重心，而不僅僅是為汽車和購(gòu)物中心服務(wù)。

近年來(lái)，“地方營(yíng)造”頻繁出現(xiàn)在中國(guó)城市規(guī)劃和鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)中，是指對(duì)某一個(gè)地方進(jìn)行考察和評(píng)估后，制定相應(yīng)的方案和措施，來(lái)改善當(dāng)?shù)氐纳瞽h(huán)境，提高居民生活質(zhì)量的一種綜合性在地建設(shè)活動(dòng)。

^{Place-making was originally a concept used for urban planning and management. It originated in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s, and was proposed by scholars who challenged mainstream urban planning theories in the United States at that time. They emphasized that urban planning should be people-oriented, providing convenience and creating meaning for people's daily lives, rather than just serving cars and shopping malls.}

^{In recent years, "place-making" has frequently appeared in China's urban planning and rural construction. It refers to the development of corresponding plans and measures to improve the local living environment and improve the quality of life of residents after inspecting and evaluating a certain place. A comprehensive local construction activity.}

要弄懂什么是“地方營(yíng)造”（place-making），先要明白什么是“地方”（place）。地方，既是被觀察的對(duì)象，又是觀察的方式；既是被賦予意義的空間，又是賦予空間意義的策略。地方的塑造，通常透過(guò)環(huán)境的改變和事件的發(fā)酵，尋回地方的精神，從而建立人與人、人與城市環(huán)境的連接。

從地方營(yíng)造的英文place-making可以看出，地方營(yíng)造是一個(gè)持續(xù)的過(guò)程，而不僅僅只是某個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)或裝置。這個(gè)過(guò)程需要大家一起協(xié)作、用心重新去塑造公共領(lǐng)域。在過(guò)程中，以最大化的共享價(jià)值，鼓勵(lì)居民一起投入，發(fā)揮創(chuàng)意，加強(qiáng)地方居民的文化認(rèn)同和身份認(rèn)同。

^{To understand what place-making is, you must first understand what place is. Place is not only the object to be observed, but also the way of observation; it is not only a space given meaning, but also a strategy for giving space meaning. The shaping of a place usually finds the spirit of the place through changes in the environment and the fermentation of events, thereby establishing a connection between people and people, and between people and the urban environment.}

^{It can be seen from English place-making that place-making is a continuous process, not just a design or installation. This process requires everyone to work together and diligently reshape the public domain. In the process, to maximize the shared value, encourage residents to invest together, give full play to creativity, and strengthen the cultural identity and identity of local residents.}

地方營(yíng)造不一定是大工程，只要能開(kāi)放未被充分利用的公共空間可能性，甚至用筆畫裝飾一條人行路，運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)多添一個(gè)籃球架，都可以是地方營(yíng)造。地方營(yíng)造，本質(zhì)上是透過(guò)環(huán)境的改變，構(gòu)建與培育人與環(huán)境、人與人的相互關(guān)系，讓生活的空間，變成產(chǎn)生情感和依戀的“地方”。

Place-making is not necessarily a major project, as long as it can open up the possibility of underutilized public space, even decorate a sidewalk with strokes, and add a basketball hoop to the sports field, it can be a place-making.

Place-making, in essence, is to construct and nurture the relationship between people and the environment and between people through the change of the environment, so that the space of life becomes a "place" where emotions and attachments are generated.

02 地方營(yíng)造激活空間

Place-making activate space

如何用地方營(yíng)造的概念，去探索城市里生活空間的課題？荷蘭阿姆斯特丹史基浦機(jī)場(chǎng)給了我們一個(gè)很好的啟發(fā)。

史基浦機(jī)場(chǎng)除了富有特色的購(gòu)物和餐飲環(huán)境，還擁有博物館、圖書館和機(jī)場(chǎng)公園。在這個(gè)機(jī)場(chǎng)，你可以欣賞荷蘭黃金時(shí)代藝術(shù)大師們的長(zhǎng)期藏品和各種藝術(shù)作品展，享受如茵綠草和陽(yáng)光露臺(tái)，還能享受混合虛擬技術(shù)帶來(lái)的視覺(jué)盛宴。

^{How to use the concept of place-making to explore the topic of living space in the city? Amsterdam Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands gave us a good inspiration.}

^{In addition to a distinctive shopping and dining environment, Schiphol Airport also has a museum, library and airport park. At this airport, you can admire the long-term collections and various art exhibitions of Dutch golden age art masters, enjoy the green grass and sun terrace, and enjoy the visual feast brought by hybrid virtual technology.}

最令人稱道的，是機(jī)場(chǎng)同時(shí)設(shè)置了多個(gè)主題的社交空間，旅客們可以在此分享旅行趣事，進(jìn)行情感交流。陶瓷牛群、透明輸送帶、設(shè)計(jì)大鐘等細(xì)節(jié)，讓空間與建筑融為一體，無(wú)數(shù)在這里停留、休息、相遇的旅客，不用入境荷蘭，就好像已經(jīng)到達(dá)目的地，感受到當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)情。

這個(gè)機(jī)場(chǎng)，也已經(jīng)由一個(gè)中轉(zhuǎn)地，演變成一個(gè)熱門的旅游目的地，人們?cè)谶@里候機(jī)、購(gòu)物、娛樂(lè)、社交……“空間”變成了“地方”，當(dāng)?shù)厝烁袣w屬感，外來(lái)者更有體驗(yàn)感。

^{The most commendable thing is that the airport has set up multiple themed social spaces at the same time, where passengers can share interesting travel stories and communicate emotionally. Ceramic cows, transparent conveyor belts, large design clocks and other details integrate space and architecture. Countless travelers who stay, rest and meet here do not need to enter the Netherlands, as if they have arrived at their destination and feel the local customs.}

^{This airport has also evolved from a transit point into a popular tourist destination, where people wait for the flight, shop, entertain, and socialize... "space" has become "place". Locals have a more sense of belonging, and outsiders have a more sense of experience.}

03 用策略來(lái)營(yíng)造地方

Use strategies to make places

地方營(yíng)造，除了設(shè)計(jì)的方式，我們更希望透過(guò)綜合策略和事件來(lái)激發(fā)地方的活力。

越后妻有的大地藝術(shù)展，讓消寂的村莊變成了藝術(shù)愛(ài)好者朝圣的桃花源；中國(guó)美術(shù)學(xué)院的秋葉藝術(shù)節(jié)，讓街邊的落葉變成有生命的藝術(shù)品。我們想通過(guò)策展的方式，利用良渚的生態(tài)和地貌，喚醒這里的藝術(shù)基因。

^{Place-making, in addition to the way of design, we hope to stimulate the vitality of the place through comprehensive strategies and events.}

^{The Land Art Exhibition of Echigo-Tsumari has turned the desolate village into a pilgrimage for art lovers; the Autumn Leaf Art Festival of the China Academy of Art turns the fallen leaves on the street into living works of art. We want to use Liangzhu’s ecology and landforms to awaken the artistic genes here through curation.}

森林、大樹(shù)、草坪、溪澗、河畔，良渚這片擁多重原生地貌與自然形態(tài)的空間，融入了大屋頂文化和美院入駐帶來(lái)的藝術(shù)基因，已經(jīng)具備了優(yōu)越的活動(dòng)基底。

我們想在這里打造首屆良渚森林藝術(shù)節(jié)，利用白鷺公園那條隱秘的綠籬帶，通過(guò)林間密語(yǔ)、虛幻之門、仲夏之夢(mèng)、星空之戒、任意門、年輪之謎、綠籬街和新月派對(duì)等藝術(shù)裝置，打開(kāi)藝術(shù)之門。通過(guò)森林藝術(shù)節(jié)的舉辦，活化這個(gè)地方，希望這里成為活動(dòng)慶典的發(fā)源地，連接更多的人和事件；希望這里成為藝術(shù)院?；顒?dòng)的舉辦地，讓藝術(shù)介入村民的日常生活；希望這里成為良渚文藝復(fù)興的發(fā)起地，更多的民間藝術(shù)在這里亮相……

^{Forests, big trees, lawns, streams and rivers, Liangzhu, a space with multiple native landforms and natural forms, incorporates the large roof culture and the artistic genes brought by the addition of the Academy of Fine Arts, and already has a superior activity base.}

^{We want to create the first Liangzhu Forest Art Festival here, using the hidden hedge belt of Bailu Park to pass through the secret language of the forest, the gate of illusion, the midsummer dream, the ring of stars, any gate, the mystery of annual rings, and the hedgerow street And the new moon party and other art installations open the door of art.}

^{Through the holding of the Forest Art Festival, this place is revitalized, and it is hoped that this place will become the birthplace of event celebrations, connecting more people and events; it is hoped that this place will be the place where art academies activities are held, so that art can intervene in the daily lives of villagers; hope that this place will become the origin of the Liangzhu Renaissance, more folk art appeared here...}

由于時(shí)間倉(cāng)促，除了林間密語(yǔ)和星空之戒兩件藝術(shù)裝置，森林藝術(shù)節(jié)最終并沒(méi)有落地。然而我們希望埋下的這顆藝術(shù)的種子，未來(lái)能在這里生根發(fā)芽。也希望未來(lái)有更多的機(jī)會(huì)，通過(guò)豐富多彩的活動(dòng)和事件，去挖掘和塑造更多的“地方”。

^{Due to the rush of time, except for two art installations, Secret Language in the Forest and Ring of Stars, the Forest Art Festival did not finally land. However, we hope that the planted seeds of art can take root here in the future. I also hope that there will be more opportunities in the future to explore and shape more "places" through a variety of activities and events.}

04 地方營(yíng)造的啟示

Enlightenment of place-making

地方營(yíng)造，最重要的是人的參與。

安道的米家社區(qū)改造，通過(guò)地方營(yíng)造的手段來(lái)營(yíng)造社區(qū)。讓居民參與到改造的過(guò)程當(dāng)中，讓居民自己動(dòng)手畫設(shè)計(jì)圖，讓居民們像甲方一樣提意見(jiàn)和要求，讓居民親自動(dòng)手參與改造……通過(guò)各種方式，將“日常生活的原發(fā)地”活化起來(lái)，讓居民與地方有了更深刻的情感連接，也讓外來(lái)者有更多的機(jī)會(huì)了解地方的文化。

^{Place-making, the most important thing is human participation.}

^{The micro-renewal of Antao’s Mijia community creates a community by means of place-making. Let the residents participate in the micro-update process, let the residents draw their own design drawings, let the residents comment and request like Party A, let the residents participate in the micro-update by themselves...Through various ways, the "birthplace of daily life" will be activated, so that residents and the place have a deeper emotional connection, and also let the outsiders have more opportunities to understand the local culture.}

安道的鄉(xiāng)村文旅建設(shè)，通過(guò)地方營(yíng)造的方式塑造鄉(xiāng)村。嘉興的喜悅農(nóng)場(chǎng)，創(chuàng)造性地將農(nóng)業(yè)大棚改造為田園生活綜合體，成為連接城鄉(xiāng)的客廳；成都的奧特萊斯，將鄉(xiāng)村的自然和生產(chǎn)價(jià)值與城市功能相融合，開(kāi)啟鄉(xiāng)村新的生活方式；寧波澥小白自然學(xué)校，通過(guò)課程與活動(dòng)挖掘在地文化和在地精神，探索鄉(xiāng)村文旅的新出路。

改變、創(chuàng)造價(jià)值是地方營(yíng)造的哲學(xué)，也是安道的使命。期望我們能以全新的視角去探索未來(lái)城市和鄉(xiāng)村的出路，也期待這些探索能給地方的規(guī)劃者、管理者點(diǎn)滴啟發(fā)，為人們帶來(lái)更美好的生活空間、更幸福的生活場(chǎng)景。

^{The construction of rural cultural tourism in Antao has shaped the countryside through the way of place-making. Xiyue Farm in Jiaxing creatively transforms agricultural greenhouses into a pastoral life complex and becomes a living room connecting urban and rural areas; Outlets in Chengdu integrates rural nature and production values with urban functions to open up a new rural lifestyle; Ningbo Xiexiaobai Nature School explores local culture and spirit through courses and activities, and explores new ways for rural cultural tourism.}

^{Changing and creating value is the philosophy of local creation and also the mission of Antao. We hope that we can explore the future of cities and villages from a new perspective. We also hope that these explorations can inspire local planners and managers, and bring people a better living space and happier life scenes.}

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