深圳西麗生態(tài)公園景觀設計 | 創(chuàng)以景 CAN.X

西麗生態(tài)公園位于深圳南山西麗地塊地處城市核心建設區(qū)域，位于萬科云城及中興人才公寓西側。經(jīng)過3年的設計與施工，公園于2020年4月竣工開放，為西麗板塊周邊以及深圳市民提供一個舒適愜意的山地公園空間。

Xili Eco Park is located in Xili, Nanshan District of Shenzhen within the core development area, on the west side of Vanke Yuncheng and Zhongxing Talent Apartment. After 3 years of design and construction, the park was completed and opened to the public in April 2020, providing a comfortable mountainous park for Xili and the public in Shenzhen.

▼西麗生態(tài)公園實景鳥瞰

Bird's eye view of the Xili Eco Park

挑戰(zhàn)

The Challenge

公園地塊曾經(jīng)遠離城市發(fā)展中心， 周邊主要是工業(yè)園區(qū)。隨著城市建設的規(guī)劃開發(fā)， 周邊的地塊逐漸轉化為新興的商業(yè)辦公及住宅區(qū)。創(chuàng)以景設計團隊從方案設計至施工完畢，負責設計質量的把控。

公園地塊為起伏的山地，大部分空間高差陡峭，可步行性及可達性是非常低的。而可以作為公園活動的平緩面非常有限，表皮植被品種也比較單一雜亂。更由于周邊城市急速發(fā)展的影響，公園內未能為動植物提供適宜的棲息地，反而成為城市中不安全的生態(tài)隱患區(qū)域。

The parkland was far away from the developed urban center, and the surrounding areas are mainly industrial parks. With urbanization from the development planning, the surrounding land parcels were gradually transforming into new commercial and residential areas. CAN.X design ltd. as the lead landscape design team, responsible for the control of the design quality from schematic design to the completion of construction.

The parkland was undulating, with steep slopes, low walkability and limited accessibility. The flat areas were very limited for any potential park activities. The lack of planting diversity and unmanaged vegetation were also problematic. Due to the impact of surrounding rapid urban development, the parkland cannot provide appropriate habitats for both plants and animals.  It becomes a hidden ecological issue affecting the safety of the city.

▼公園實景

Real park

為了更好的認識項目場地的機遇，設計團隊親身到達現(xiàn)場踏勘解讀場地的環(huán)境資料。從場地現(xiàn)況荒蕪的土樣、零碎的樹木群落，設計團隊認為首先需要有效的生態(tài)修復計劃及實施，確定公園城市綠肺的功能定位，提升地塊內的生態(tài)條件以及強化區(qū)內綠色生態(tài)的聯(lián)系。同時利用場地內的80米高差的山地環(huán)境機遇，打造層次豐富的休閑公園體驗。其次，由于公園地塊位于城市未來發(fā)展的核心區(qū)域，周邊是密集的高品質居住辦公社區(qū)，公園設計需要滿足當下以及未來市民的生活、學習、社交需求。

景觀設計師以“都市形態(tài)及自然景觀的融合”為公園規(guī)劃設計的切入點。景觀設計充分利用場地自然地形地貌，提升植物群落、動物的棲息地及多樣性的生態(tài)品質，并落實海綿城市作為穩(wěn)固公園及重塑自然系統(tǒng)的策略。另一方面，在城市的不同方面展現(xiàn)和創(chuàng)造了多樣的空間和聯(lián)系，形成了節(jié)奏感和層次性的景觀系統(tǒng)策略。而公園活動的規(guī)劃，通過多元的展覽及互動性的公園活動，向公眾傳達生態(tài)維護及保育的理念，例如垃圾分類展覽，讓公眾在自然輕松環(huán)境中感受及了解保護生態(tài)的可持續(xù)理念及實在的行動。 

To allow better understanding of the site opportunities, the design team took the initiative to investigate the site and its environmental conditions. From the existing derelict landscape and loose patches of trees, the design team recognized an effective ecological restoration and implementation is needed to reaffirm the functional positioning of the city park as the green lungs; improve the ecological conditions of the site; and strengthen the connectivity of the eco-green in the area. At the same time, the opportunity is to take the mountainy landscape with 80-meter level differences to create a multi-levels/ multi-layers leisure landscape park experience. As the parkland is located in the future development area of the city core and is surrounded by high-quality densely developed residential and office communities, the park design shall meet the existing and future needs of the citizens in living, learning and social aspects.

The landscape design team used “the integration of urban form and natural landscape processes” to create a breakthrough in the design. Landscape design has taken the full advantage of the site’s natural landform and character, to maximize the planting communities, animal habitats and the diversity in ecological quality. At the same time, the sponge city strategy is also implemented to establish the park and recreate the natural system. On the other hand, a diversity of spaces and connections are promulgated and created from different aspects in the city and create a strategy of landscape system with rhythm and layers. In organizing the park programs, different exhibitions and interactive activities are used to promote the ecological protection and preservation to the public, e.g. the garbage collection and classification exhibition, to allow public engagement and understanding of the ecological protection in a sustainable concept and practical implementation in a natural and pleasant environment.

▼公園夜景

Night View of park

我們的設計

The Design

在深圳市區(qū)內20公頃的城市生態(tài)綠地，對周邊的社區(qū)具有顯著的生態(tài)價值。設計師秉持自然的原則，認為景觀規(guī)劃設計應尊重場地特質、自然地貌和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)， 實現(xiàn)城市發(fā)展與生態(tài)保護的資源平衡。盡量減少項目施工對地形面貌及植被群落的負面影響，為人民群眾創(chuàng)造舒適、清新、有利的環(huán)境。

The 20 hectares of urban ecological green space, within the Shenzhen inland, has a distinct ecological value to the surrounding social communities. The landscape design team insist in applying the principles from nature and believe that the landscape planning and design shall respect the sense of place, natural landforms and ecosystem, to ensure there is a balance of resources in urban development and in ecological protection. There shall be minimal negative impact from construction to the landform, planting communities, to create comfortable, fresh and vantage points for the people to enjoy.

▼項目鳥瞰圖

Aerial view of the project

尊重自然/ 森林治療

Respect Nature / Healing the Forest

山地項目與其他項目的前置條件不同，具有地形地況復雜以及場地內植被生長豐富的特點。設計師調研場地內的用地屬性以及植被狀況，并結合現(xiàn)狀評估，建立了如下構想：

?公園內存在法定規(guī)劃耕地范圍，設計方案保留耕地及它們的用途，使其成為公園空間中的一部分，并在局部區(qū)域打造都市山谷農(nóng)田的主題。

?保護并重新利用生長良好的荔枝林，打造成為公園一個主要的特色主題空間。

?設計初期，設計師到場地親自評估，圈出具有保留價值的植被和特色地貌，通過進一步的測繪，結合在總圖設計中，在施工啟動初期，設計師再次復核了場地條件，確保原生植被及特色地貌得以保留。

For mountain projects, the complexity in the undulating terrains and the existing growth of plants on site are different from the preconditions of any land development in other cities. The design team has investigated the characters of the site and the conditions of the existing vegetation, with the given existing assessment to arrive at the following ideas:

?There are existing cultivation plots in the park. The design scheme retained the plots and their function, integrate them into the park and create an urban farmland valley in the local context.

?Re-establish the healthy and aged farming of litchi forest into a main thematic place in the park.

?At the early design stage, the design team has evaluated the site with planting and characters worthy of protection and integrated into a master plan base on subsequent survey and record. At the commencement of construction, the design team had reviewed the site conditions to ensure the original vegetation or the landscape characters are properly preserved.

▼設計草圖

Design Sketch

這樣好的景觀設計，不只是完成于圖紙中。景觀的生長及持續(xù)，與人們的參與相互共生，與區(qū)域融合，成為一個本土自然景觀。

This great landscape does not only come from the full set of design document.  It growth and sustain with the engagement of the people in time, locally integrated as a natural vernacular landscape.

山地項目的落地性思考

Reflection on the Practical Implementation of a Mountain Project

山地項目因現(xiàn)場環(huán)境、開發(fā)區(qū)域、植栽群落及山石地貌等，令設計到現(xiàn)場落地存在很多不確定因素。其中：設計師對場地的理解與判斷；設計方案的可實施性；場地條件是否滿足；施工方對于設計方案的執(zhí)行，等等，都會影響項目最后的落地效果。景觀項目能嚴格按圖落成已經(jīng)是非常不容易的事情， 而此山地景觀項目則是更加困難。在此項目中，景觀設計師投入更多的時間與整個團隊盡力結合場地、優(yōu)化設計，令項目能滿足各層面的需要。以下總覽主要的工作：

?竣工總平與首輪設計初稿平面相差無幾，設計師對于場地的理解與把控精準而高效。

?項目設計過程中涉及勘察、復核及實施橋梁、市政道路、景觀、建筑、室內、布展、燈光、標識等之工作。多專業(yè)多系統(tǒng)的團隊的協(xié)作及參與(包括多輪審圖并提供反饋意見)，以景觀設計作為主導，總控落地效果與風格。

?項目總體品質及造價的把控。

?設計團隊到現(xiàn)場的多次踏勘，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，提出問題，并協(xié)助解決問題。 

There are many uncertainties in the planning and design for this mountainy project site, due to the existing environmental conditions, the many physical excavations, the dispersed planting communities and the exposed rocks outcrops and faces. These many uncertainties from the preliminary design to the completion of the project posed a challenge to the design team on chasing the schedule. Among them, including the design team's understanding and review of the site; the feasibility of implementing the design scheme; the practicality of meeting the site conditions; the contractor's execution in accordance to the design scheme, etc., will affect the final delivery of the project. It is always difficult for landscape project to be completed in strict adherent to the scheme, and it was not easier for this mountainy landscape project. In this project, the landscape design team has put into much extra time on the amalgamation of the different places within the site and the improvement on the design, to ensure the project has included the multi-levels concerns. The following illustrate the core of such work:

?The general layout of the as-built master plan is very close to that of the preliminary design layout. The designer has given a precise understanding and efficient control of the site.

?The design process in the project involves investigation, review and implementation of bridges, municipal roads, landscape, architecture, interior, exhibition, lighting, signs, etc. The collaboration of a multi-disciplinary team and thorough communication system (including constant review and comments on construction drawings), with landscape design as the lead, allow a full control on the overall effect and character.

?Control of overall material quality and project cost.

?The numerous site investigation, appraisal/ review and resolution of issues by the design team.

▼總平面圖

Master Plan

鮮明的自然景觀

A Fresh Natural Scenery

天空棧道

SKY WALK 

宛如一個精致的皇冠戴在山頂，將人行的動線抬升，剝離山地的地面，既能保護山頂區(qū)域的自然植被與地貌，減少人的行為對于自然表皮的干擾與破壞，也能提供更加開闊舒展的步行體驗。在快節(jié)奏高密度的城市生活空間中感受云中漫步的浪漫與悠閑。

It is an exquisite crown for the mountain, direct the upward movement of pedestrians and elevate toward top of the mountain. It protects the natural vegetation and landform at the top and reduces the human interference and damage to the soil surface. It provides a grand and open walking experience. This Sky Walk shall provide a romantic and leisure place for walking through the clouds in a high speed and high density urban city of Shenzhen.

▼天空棧道

Sky Walk

結合場地的條件與景觀視野，設計團隊在不同的位置與角度布置了景觀亭，滿足人們休憩的需求，并通過景亭的設計引導人們的視野， 將城市的美好的天際線畫卷展現(xiàn)在眼前。玻璃觀景平臺可以透過玻璃看到陡峭山下的自然石塊，更是增加了驚險刺激的游園趣味。

Base on the conditions of the site and the sceneries, the design team has positioned the pavilions at strategic locations and at different orientations to allow resting places and direct vistas for the people to indulge into the beautiful skyline of the city. The glass lookout platform provides transparent views of the natural stone outcrops on the slope underneath adding a thrilling experience to the garden adventure.

▼景觀亭

View Pavilions

友善的社交空間 

A Friendly Social Place

陽光草坪

SUNSHINE LAWN

這里是公園中少數(shù)相對平緩的區(qū)域，也剛好是位置于公園的中央及中高的位置，為公園的核心草坪活動空間。懸挑的玻璃觀景平臺就在此草坪區(qū)域之上，依伴著山頂最高處。而山坡石壁上的植物形成具有山地公園特色的景觀。公園功能建筑做出層疊與地形自然結合的表現(xiàn)，以綠屋頂?shù)脑O計將山坡石壁與草坪活動區(qū)融合。屋頂?shù)脑煨妥兓试S充足的自然光線流通，實現(xiàn)生態(tài)環(huán)保的理念。

At the middle of and at the mid-level of the park, the lawn area is the only flat area that can be used as the central activity zone for the park. The glass cantilevered lookout platform sitting near the peak and above the Sunshine Lawn. Planting on the rockery slope composed to reveal the character of a mountain park. The facilities architecture is designed in layers to integrate with the natural landform, and the green roofs form a special feature to the park scenery. However, the layering of the building roofs allow natural light to the interior of the building, reduce the use of electricity and maintain a balance in ecological protection.

▼三角平臺

Triangle platform

文化臻園

CULTURAL TREASURE 

山地類項目，最大的挑戰(zhàn)就是現(xiàn)場地形可能與圖紙中的數(shù)據(jù)不一致，設計需要保持一定的開放性和可調整的靈活度。在現(xiàn)場施工中，設計團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)了場地中一組現(xiàn)狀樹值得保留，因此， 移動建筑與原有的濱水休閑座， 將場地中的“原住民”得以妥善的保留，并為空間提供舒適的蔭涼。

For any mountain projects, the biggest challenge is that the site terrain may not be consistent with the data in the drawings. Therefore, the design needs to maintain a certain degree of flexibility and allow adjustment. During construction, the design team discovered a group of existing trees on site that are valuable to be preserved. So the movable building and the originally designed leisure seating area at the water feature have to be relocated to allow keeping the "indigenous people" on site and provide shade for comfort of the place.

▼濱水咖啡

Waterfront coffee

自然共生  

GROW WITH NATURE 

這是一個利用地形地貌打造的全齡活動樂園，基礎的游樂設施和休息處為大家提供了休閑娛樂的好去處。同時，安全膠墊區(qū)域，并沒有按照常規(guī)選擇鮮明活躍飽和度高的顏色，而是選用大地色系， 游樂的設備也是考慮自然風格為主。山地風格的兒童游樂區(qū)，將會為城市社區(qū)中的游樂空間形成對比，帶來新鮮感。 

This is an all-ages activity ground molded from the landforms. The basic amusement facilities and rest areas provide good places for people to enjoy and relax. The safety matting area is not paved in a conventional manner with bright and contrasting color, but in earthy tones with the land.  The play equipment is also considered with natural character. The children’s play area with mountainous character will bring refreshment and create a contrast to the community playground.

▼利用地形地貌打造活動樂園

Use topography to create an activity park

前瞻的環(huán)保理念 

Forward Looking Environmental Ideas

擁抱未來     

EMBRACE THE ENVIRONMENT

垃圾分類展覽館讓游客認知到對環(huán)境保護的責任感。

The waste collection and classification museum allows visitors to recognize their responsibilities for environmental protection.

▼垃圾分類展覽館

The waste collection and classification museum

永續(xù)的發(fā)展策略 

Sustainable Development Strategies

休閑荔林      

LEISURE GROVE

南山西麗的荔枝是當?shù)赜忻奶禺a(chǎn)， 而項目場地中是一片長勢良好的荔枝林。 在設計的初期，設計團隊就明確了整體荔枝林的保留。圍繞荔枝林的主題，滿足公園散步的功能，林下采用透水材質鋪裝，讓人可以在盛夏中依然感受密林下的習習涼風。同時，在荔枝林外，利用場地的高差，設置了觀景休閑平臺，可以在高處觀賞荔枝林自然的景致。

Lychee is a famous local fruit in Nanshan Xili and the project site has a well-established lychee grove. The preservation of the existing lychee grove was clearly identified by the design team at the early design stage which provides places for strolling & resting under the lychee canopies. The pathways with permeable material pass through the grove allows people to enjoy the cool breeze under the dense canopies in midsummer. The leisure lookout platforms located on a high ground next to the grove provide a viewing area overlooking the natural lychee grove.

▼荔枝濕地

Lychee Wetland

▼觀景休閑平臺

Viewing leisure platform

場地中利用地形起伏，以自然雨洪管理系統(tǒng)的策略，令流入公園中的雨水經(jīng)過地形引導，匯入耕地以及自然植被區(qū)域。而局部區(qū)域營造了一系列的下沉式綠地，可以實現(xiàn)季節(jié)性的雨水花園。人們可以走在雨水花園的一側近距離觀賞，也可以站在觀景平臺上俯視。

Taking advantage of the undulation of the site, a natural storm water system strategy is used to direct rainwater in the park through the farming plots and others natural planting area. Part of the areas have established sunken green to allow seasonal function as rain garden. People can stroll along side of the rain garden to have close views or stand on the lookout platforms to enjoy the distant views.

▼雨水花園與下沉式綠地

Rain garden and sunken green space

建筑設計與地形結合 

Integration of Architectural Design and Landform

山林中長出的建筑

Architecture Growth from the Forest

園區(qū)內的建筑，最大程度上銜接了周邊的自然地形，設計中將建筑的體塊“嵌入”到自然地形中。

The buildings in the park are integrated with the surrounding nature to the greatest extent. In the design, the building blocks are “integrated” into the natural landform.

▼建筑與自然相嵌

Architecture and nature are embedded

歡沁公園

CHILL IN THE PARK

公園的入口區(qū)域， 規(guī)避以大面積鋪裝的城市廣場形式。設計手法以規(guī)整的種植區(qū)和自然元素進行有規(guī)律的布置，從而將大大小小的鋪裝模塊與獨立的種植區(qū)融合，提煉出亮麗大塊但色調細微的鋪裝步道及小塊粗糙而色調混合的邊沿裝飾，將城市層面與山間自然景觀融為一體。

The park frontage is designed to break through the conventional approach of an urban plaza with large paving area. With a formal arrangement of planting areas & natural elements to reorganized into a rhythmic setting by using a combination of large and small sizes of hard paving to integrate with the individual planting areas. This further generate smooth and grandiose paving with detail for the main path and smaller rustic and mixed color feature borders to integrate the urban interface with the mountainous nature.

▼公園入口

Park entrance

視覺層次豐富的主入口廣場與舒適的坡道和寬闊的臺階融合自然坡地，提升可達性，令公園游人能更能享受此山地生態(tài)公園的環(huán)境。

The rich layering of the main entry plaza integrates with a comfortable pedestrian ramp & wide staircase increase the accessibility and invite the park users to fully enjoy the environment of this eco-mountain park.

▼主入口廣場與自然坡地相融合

The main entrance plaza merges with the natural slope

_項目信息

_{業(yè)主單位：深圳市南山區(qū)城市管理和綜合執(zhí)法局}

_{項目面積：約20公頃}

_{代建單位：華潤 (深圳) 有限公司}

_{設計總包：深圳園林股份有限公司}

_{景觀及建筑概念至方案設計：創(chuàng)以景 CAN.X}

_{設計時間：2017-2018}

_{施工時間：2018-2020}

_{攝影：丘文建筑攝影-邱日培}

_{Project Commission: Nanshan Urban Management Bureau}

_{Project area: About 20 hectares}

_{Project Management & Construction: China Resources (Shenzhen) Limited}

_{Main Consultant: Shenzhen Landscape Co., Ltd}

_{Landscape & Architectural Design Consultant: CAN.X design ltd}

_{Design Period: 2017-2018}

_{Construction Period: 2018-2020}

_{Photography: Arch & QW}

_{版權聲明：本文版權歸原作者所有，請勿以景觀中國編輯版本轉載。如有侵犯您的權益請及時聯(lián)系，我們將第一時間刪除。}

_{投稿郵箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{項目咨詢：18510568018（微信同號）}