美國Better Place Forest公墓景觀設計 | Fletcher Studio

▼墓園初印象——游客中心

Orient - visitor center ? Fletcher Studio

Fletcher Studio景觀設計工作室應邀設計了美國第一個森林樹葬墓園。不同于傳統(tǒng)墓地，樹葬墓園通過樹木認養(yǎng)的保護系統(tǒng)，對大片林地進行保養(yǎng)、修復和管理作為樹葬區(qū)。為實現(xiàn)北加州首個樹葬墓園，設計團隊作為首席顧問，組建了一支由森林生態(tài)學家、藝術家、設計師和其他專業(yè)顧問組成的團隊。他們的工作內容包括對場地進行總體規(guī)劃，以及結構、空間、慢行系統(tǒng)、標識系統(tǒng)以及棲息地恢復等設計。

在這片被保護的森林中，人們可以指定某棵樹作為家族骨灰安葬點，世世代代在此灑下?lián)磹塾H友的骨灰。這個理念將儀式感、緬懷親人和保護森林相融合，體現(xiàn)出簡潔的詩意，而它的實現(xiàn)離不開背后龐大的設計和技術專家團隊支持。這片位于門多西諾海岸 40 英畝的土地上的墓園，為未來更多的樹葬園提供了范例。

The submitting landscape architecture studio was selected to design America’s first forest spreading cemetery. The Client has created an alternative to the cemetery, a conservation system of tree sponsorship that preserves, restores, and manages large areas as memorial spreading grounds. The studio acted as the prime consultant and assembled a team of forest ecologists, artists, designers, and other consultants to realize the first project in Northern California. Their work included master-planning the property, designing structures, spaces, trail systems, wayfinding and signage, and habitat restoration.

Within these protected forests, families choose trees to mark the place where they’ll spread their loved ones’ ashes over generations. The concept has a simple poetry — merging ritual, memorial, and forest conservation — yet its realization involved a large team of design and technical specialists, led by the submitting landscape architecture firm. Located on a 40-acre stretch of the Mendocino Coast, the project establishes a framework for future sites, each with their own unique qualities.

▼某個家庭認養(yǎng)樹木的標記

A marked tree sponsored by a family ? Fletcher Studio

項目需要營造一種基于土地的景觀體驗，構筑物并不是空間的主角，這需要特定的設計技巧。場地布局和建筑巧妙地組織了抵達-尋路-回憶-邊界-釋放的場景序列。人們沿著入口處與周邊環(huán)境融為一體的道路，便可來到訪客中心。這座造型優(yōu)美的建筑由設計團隊與建筑公司合作完成，它獨自矗立于山頂，成為公共與私人空間的分界點。

Designing an experience that’s more about the land than its constructed elements requires a certain discipline. The plan and architecture gently frame a sequence of events: arrival, orientation, memory, threshold, and release. An entry road descends into the site and arrives at a visitors center, designed in collaboration with an architecture firm. Sited at the crest of a hill, this singular building is a place of orientation on the threshold between public and private.

▼通向游客中心的混凝土鋪筑的小路

A pathway of concrete pavers led to the visitors center ? Fletcher Studio

一條混凝土鋪筑的小路引導人們來到訪客中心，并通往一處觀景臺，游客可在此俯瞰近處的草地和遠處的森林。這是一座名副其實的“自然之門”，走近它時森林便映入眼簾。訪客中心的觀景臺和兩個小會議室為舉行家庭悼念儀式，或會見森林管理員提供了場地。草地中則安放著另一個工作室設計的紀念碑，混凝土澆筑的長凳上鐫刻著家庭成員的名字，其擺放方式讓人聯(lián)想起樹木的年輪。 

A pathway of concrete pavers leads to and through the visitors center, culminating at a covered deck overlooking a meadow and the forest beyond. This portal frames nature, literally; as one approaches the forest comes into view. The deck and two small meeting rooms provide space for families to gather for ceremonies or to meet with forest stewards. Nested into the meadow is a memorial created by another design studio, a series of cast-concrete benches, inscribed with the names of family members and placed to recall the rings of a tree.

▼引人入勝的觀景臺

The overlooking deck framed in the nature ? Fletcher Studio

▼嵌入草地中像年輪一樣的紀念碑

Memorials nested into the meadow placed to recall the rings of a tree  ? Fletcher Studio

▼鐫刻著家庭成員名字的紀念碑

Memorials engraved with the names of family members ? Fletcher Studio

在瞬息萬變的森林中，訪客中心傳達了一種令人平靜的永恒感——它一直、且將永遠安然地坐落于此。折疊造型的屋頂采用了耐候鋼材料，為建筑遮風避雨，它將與當?shù)丶t木制成的地板和壁板一起經(jīng)受自然的風化。精心設計的紅木格柵既保證了落地玻璃會議室的私密性，又讓戶外的風景進入室內。

Within the ever-changing forest, the materiality of the visitors center conveys a reassuring sense of permanence — that it always has and always will sit on this site. A deep, folded Corten steel roof shades and protects the building. The Corten will weather naturally, along with the locally harvested and milled redwood decking and siding. Carefully oriented redwood fins screen the glass-enclosed meeting rooms while capturing views outward.

▼由耐候鋼搭建的構筑物

Architecture made of Corten ? Fletcher Studio

穿過訪客中心，人們便進入了這片紀念森林。過去為伐木而建的“滑道”成為穿梭于森林中的主干道，而支路則將人引向一些更靜謐的空間。在當?shù)亟?jīng)驗豐富的管理員和步道建設者的指導下，步道隨地勢蜿蜒曲折，其間因地制宜點綴著空間節(jié)點，并最終爬升至一個可以眺望大海和地平線的小山丘上。

Moving through the threshold, visitors enter the memorial forests. The old ‘skid’ roads, originally established for logging, define the main routes through the forest, while tributary trails branch off into more secluded spaces. This network of trails and openings flows with the land, guided by the knowledge of conservators and local trail builders, and eventually rises to a knoll with views to the sea and horizon.

▼在小山丘上眺望大海和地平線 

A knoll with views to the sea and horizon ? Fletcher Studio

從景觀到建筑，從標識到紀念碑，設計的每一個細節(jié)都致力于營造一種靜謐和虔誠的場所感。雖然甲方計劃實施的每個森林公墓都獨具特色，但其基本愿景是一致的：保護和尊重景觀的超凡之美，以及那些最終選擇這片森林作為安息之地的人們。

Every detail from the landscape and architecture, to the signage and memorial markers work to establish a quiet and reverent human presence. While each forest cemetery implemented by the Client will have a unique character, the underpinning vision will remain: to preserve and honor the transcendent beauty of the landscape and ultimately the people who choose this forest as their final resting place.

▼標識系統(tǒng)設計

Signage ? Fletcher Studio

▼總平面圖

Master plan ? Fletcher Studio

▼設計概念

Designing concept ? Fletcher Studio

▼設計鳥瞰效果圖

Aerial view ? Fletcher Studio

_{項目基本信息}

_{項目名稱: Better Place Forest公墓}

_{項目地點: 美國加利福尼亞州，波因特阿里納}

_{項目規(guī)模: 40 英畝（約16.2公頃）}

_{設計公司: Fletcher Studio}

_{委托方: Better Place Forest 保護紀念森林有限公司}

_{建成時間: 2019}

_{圖片來源：Fletcher Studio}

_{Project Name: Better Place Forest Memorial}

_{Project location: Point Arena, California, USA}

_{Project Area: 40 acre (around 16.2 ha)}

_{Design Firm: Fletcher Studio}

_{Clients: Better Place Forest}

_{Completion Year: 2019}

_{Photo credits: Fletcher Studio}

_{編譯：閆露}

_{版權聲明：本文版權歸原作者所有，請勿以景觀中國編輯版本轉載。如有侵犯您的權益請及時聯(lián)系，我們將第一時間刪除。}

_{投稿郵箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{項目咨詢：18510568018（微信同號）}