海南通德公祠景觀設(shè)計(jì) | 篆山營(yíng)造

篆山營(yíng)造 2021-10-28

原創(chuàng)

項(xiàng)目名稱(chēng)：

通德公祠
項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：

火山巖古村，海南
設(shè)計(jì)公司：

篆山營(yíng)造
圖片來(lái)源：

葉曼，陳銘

龍吉古村位于瓊北火山巖古村帶，依山就勢(shì)，五條巷弄為火山巖噴薄而成，村南邊的“通德堂”為明清建筑，坐北朝南，四合院落，抬梁木石結(jié)構(gòu)。前堂石匾“通德堂”三字為海南清代進(jìn)士張?jiān)浪伤}。兩個(gè)老祠堂基本上已沒(méi)有屋頂，只剩下一些殘墻，在小樓林立、羅馬柱防盜窗琳瑯滿目的新村里，顯然已失去了莊嚴(yán)的地位。

Longji Village is one of the volcanic stone villages in the north of Hainan. Located along the hill, Tongde Hall and Jiangxing Ancestral Hall were built in the Ming and Qing Dynasty in the form of Shiheyuan, featuring the lifting beam structure of timber and volcanic stone. The plaque on the front gate of Tongde Hall was inscribed by Zhang Yuesong, the advanced scholar called ”Jinshi” in the Qing Dynasty. Only a little more than a ruin, the two separate ancestral halls have nearly no roof above and only some broken walls left. They have obviously lost the high-status dignity submerged in the crowded concrete houses.

▼龍吉古村原貌細(xì)節(jié) ?葉曼

Details of the original anciet village ?Ye Man

▼老祠堂殘墻 ?葉曼

Some broken wall of ancestral halls ?Ye Man

▼村落里古老的榕樹(shù) ?葉曼

The banyan trees ?Ye Man

我們也曾耗時(shí)耗力通過(guò)高精度測(cè)繪、工藝考證、三維模型復(fù)原等手段，試圖采用“修舊如初”的策略。復(fù)原模型呈現(xiàn)了漢族祖先剛到海南時(shí)，用本土材料奮力拼搏營(yíng)造屋舍的狀態(tài)，但因?yàn)槠鲶w結(jié)構(gòu)難以開(kāi)窗洞，火山石處理費(fèi)工，整個(gè)屋內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)粗糲而晦暗的氛圍，效果差強(qiáng)人意。如果就這樣修舊如初，是否真的適合這個(gè)已經(jīng)步入城鎮(zhèn)化潮流的新村？十分有限的時(shí)間與經(jīng)費(fèi)是否能夠真正做到修舊如初？與其修繕的倉(cāng)促粗糙，何不保留這滄桑的精美？我們何不避免修護(hù)式破壞，將老祠堂封存起來(lái)的策略-廢墟式保護(hù)，可能更適合這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。

We have tried to repair it as old as before, and spent a lot of time and energy on high-accuracy mapping, crafts verifying and 3D restoration modeling, but the results are not as expected. From the 3D restoration model, we can see the inner space was coarse and gloomy due to the limited technique of processing big thick lava stones and making openings on the envelope of the masonry structure, despite the hard efforts of the ancestors on constructing with local materials when they just arrived on the island. If it is repaired as old as before , will it adapt to the new village that has developed rapidly in urbanization? Can the limited time and budget meet up the demands? Why not retaining the beauty of vicissitudes rather than hasty and rough repairing that may produce artificial irreversible damages to it? The strategy of building a protection for the ruins may be more appropriate for this project.

▼效果圖—廢墟式保護(hù)策略 ?篆山營(yíng)造

Project redering—protection for the ruins ?Zhanshanyingzao

以“為老祠堂加冕”為核心思想，該項(xiàng)目引入柔性拉索支撐的鋼木框架體系，為“通德堂”“將興公祠”兩個(gè)破落的祠堂遺址建造了一個(gè)保護(hù)性構(gòu)筑物，使“族長(zhǎng)”一般的老祠堂成為整個(gè)村里體量最大的建筑，恢復(fù)往日的榮光。新增的965平方米玻璃頂，仿佛一把大傘，為遺址遮避雨水。

We are committed to the regain of the former glory of the ancient ancestral halls, the “Emeer” of the village. To crown them again as the prominent landmark in the village, an innovative cable-suspended steel-timber frame system with tall wood columns and a 965㎡glass roof are structured to connect the two relics as one.

▼柔性拉索支撐的鋼木框架體系 ?葉曼

The cable-suspended steel-timber frame system ? Ye Man

▼新增的965平方米玻璃頂 ?葉曼

The 965㎡glass roof ?Ye Man

78根海南第一名木“坡壘”，形成柱陣，由鋼索拉結(jié)為一個(gè)柔性而穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu)體系，可在海島臺(tái)風(fēng)之中守護(hù)老祠堂的周全。該項(xiàng)目實(shí)現(xiàn)了在較短的周期內(nèi)，以較低的成本，為等級(jí)不是特別高的遺址建筑提供了一種活化再生的設(shè)計(jì)思路。