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深圳蛇口時光草坪公園景觀設計 | SED新西林景觀

SED新西林 2022-04-07

原創(chuàng)

項目名稱：

深圳招北社區(qū)公園
項目地點：

廣東深圳
項目規(guī)模：

約25000㎡
設計公司：

新西林

項目概述

Project Statement

時光草坪公園位于深圳改革開放試驗地——蛇口，場地原是一個地表裸露、林木雜亂的閑置場地，也是社區(qū)高密度空間下唯一的戶外開放場所。它的重建使居民文化生活得到顯著的提升，并重新連接了社區(qū)居民的交往，大大激發(fā)了社區(qū)活力。

項目將再生材料重新回用于各類設施，有效幫助城市碳減排。地下海綿設施和分布各處的雨水花園，為公園提供了雨水循環(huán)利用系統(tǒng)，同時還保留了原有7棵生長超過40年的大榕樹及其他14個品種的喬木共計271棵，通過植物搭配改善了微氣候環(huán)境，亦為居民提供了疫情、地震、暴雨等不可抗災害的避難場所，重塑了一個生態(tài)、韌性、健康、活力的公共空間。

Time lawn park is located inShekou, the experimental site of Reform and Opening up in Shenzhen. The sitewas originally an idle site with bare surface and disordered trees. It is alsothe only outdoor open place in a high-density community. Its reconstruction hassignificantly improved the cultural life of local residents, reconnected andrevitalized the community.

The project will reuse recycled materials forvarious facilities to effectively contribute urban carbon emission reduction.Underground Sponge City measures and rain gardens on-site provide the park witha rainwater recycling system. At the same time, 271 original 7 banyan trees and14 other species of trees that have grown for more than 40 years are retainedin the park. Through plant matching, the microclimate environment is improved,and residents are provided with a safe space against disasters such as epidemicdiseases, earthquakes and rainstorms, reshaping an ecological resilient,healthy and vibrant public space.

項目背景

Project Backgroup

時光草坪公園位于深圳改革開放試驗地——蛇口，占地面積約25000㎡。周邊被上世紀八十年代的老舊小區(qū)和城中村包圍，以本地老居民為主，有少量的外來移民。原本社區(qū)人口稠密，但由于公共活動空間日漸匱乏，公共環(huán)境堪憂，近年來居民開始逐步搬離該社區(qū)。

Time lawn park is located inShekou, the experimental site of reform and opening up in Shenzhen, covering anarea of about 25000 square meters. Surrounded by old communities and villagesconstructed back in the 1980s, it is home to mostly local old residents and asmall number of immigrants. Originally, the community was densely populated,but residents began to move away from the community gradually in recent yearsdue to lack of public activity space and the worrying public environment.

設計開展前，在業(yè)主單位的幫助下，我們全面收集了場地現(xiàn)狀各類管線和地形資料，清點現(xiàn)有林木并對其進行精準定位，重點對場地使用者不同時間段行為活動進行調研。

Before the design kickoff, with the help of the owner, we comprehensivelycollected all kinds of pipeline and topographic data of the current site,counted the existing trees and accurately positioned them, focusing on thebehavior and activities of site users in different time periods.

▼公園原貌樹木精準定位

▼項目設計團隊采訪實錄：采訪群眾83名，觀察時間為周二、四早7:30-晚9:30

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)場地內樹木長勢良好，但由于濃蔭遮蔽導致地表植被無法充分吸收陽光，因此常年黃土裸露。場地未經(jīng)過任何人工設計，僅有一條被踩出來的小路被鋪上簡單的磚石，從西側學校斜穿整個公園，連接東南側住區(qū)入口。

每天放學高峰，接送的人流無處疏散，阻滯外圍機動交通。居民告訴我們，很多在此生活了三十幾年的原住民目前正陸續(xù)搬離，因為政府一直沒為這里提供任何的公共環(huán)境建設，原本居民喜好的歌舞、戲曲、游戲、棋牌等文化活動空間都被城市開發(fā)擠壓，社區(qū)正在持續(xù)衰敗。

We found thatthe trees in the site grow well, but the surface vegetation cannot fully absorbthe sun due to the shade, so the loess is exposed all year round. The site hasnot undergone any manual design. Only a stepped path is paved with simplebricks and stones, which obliquely crosses the whole park from the west schooland connects the entrance of the residential area in the southeast.

During therush hour after school every day, people have great difficulty move around inthis space, which also causes challenges to the surrounding public traffic.Residents tell us that many aborigines who have lived here for more than 30years are moving away one after another because the government has not providedany public environment construction here. The cultural activity space such assong and dance, opera, games, chess and cards that the original residents likeare squeezed by urban development, and the community is continuing to decline.

▼項目地形勘察分析

因此我們決定以保留蛇口記憶為切入點，通過恢復生態(tài)，梳理交通，重塑空間、植入功能來重新激活社區(qū)的活力，我們注重延續(xù)并引導居民的使用習慣，保留原有場地記憶的同時，提供更多的彈性空間，讓使用者發(fā)揮自己的想象力在其間創(chuàng)造活動，自發(fā)形成交往行為。原有7棵生長超過40年的大榕樹在本次重建當中被完全保留了下來。

Therefore, we decided to takethe retention of Shekou memory as the starting point to reactivate the vitalityof the community by restoring ecology, combing traffic, reshaping space andimplanting functions. We pay attention to continuing and guiding residents' livingstyle, providing more elastic space while retaining the original site memory.As a result, local residents can use their imagination to create activities andcommunicational behaviors. Theoriginal seven banyan trees that have grown for more than 40 years have beencompletely preserved in this reconstruction.

另外，我們通過地表的修復和植物的重新搭配來改善微生態(tài)環(huán)境，公園內部游樂健身設施大量采用了環(huán)保材料，均由海里打撈的廢棄漁網(wǎng)和舊衣物經(jīng)過工藝處理壓制而成，有效幫助城市碳減排。這些舉措讓一個韌性、生態(tài)、健康、活躍的社區(qū)公園逐步呈現(xiàn)在我們眼前。

In addition, we improve themicro-ecological environment through the restoration of the surface and the redesignof plants. A large number of environmental protection materials are used in theamusement and fitness facilities in the park, which are made of waste fishingnets and old clothes salvaged in the sea through technological treatment, whichcan effectively help the City reduce carbon emission. These measures make aresilient, ecological, healthy and active community park gradually appear infront of us.

設計策略

Design Strategy

可呼吸可滲透的綠地公園

A Breathing Resilient Green Park

通過設計激發(fā)使用者的探索樂趣，傳遞低碳可持續(xù)價值。公園修復了1.5萬㎡破碎地表生境，讓裸露及硬化的土地重新自由呼吸。保留的263棵喬木及補種的192棵花喬木，每年吸收二氧化碳可達7.9噸。

Encourage on-site exploration through design and deliverlow-carbon sustainable value. The park has restored 15000 of broken surface habitat, allowing the bareand hardened land to breathe freely again. The 263 trees retained and 192flowering trees replanted can absorb 7.9 tons of carbon dioxide every year.

以海綿為特色的公園，利用原有地形高差，塑造生態(tài)臺地、旱溪、下凹花園等自然游憩空間，為城市及社區(qū)提供更具綜合效益的公園綠地。種植床采用噴灌系統(tǒng)進行灌溉，方便控制地表徑流對地面的荷載。公園內草坪、植被和廣場不透水鋪裝比，增加了50%以上的滲透率。另外，植草溝吸納雨水、蓄滲雨水，有效控制場地內的雨水徑流，蓄水系統(tǒng)可以從公園的路基和其它透水區(qū)收集凈化回用水高達4500升，實現(xiàn)自然積存、自然滲透、自然凈化的海綿城市發(fā)展方式。建構自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，為場地生物提供生長環(huán)境，喚醒人們對自然的尊重。

The park with Sponge City measures uses the elevation difference of theoriginal terrain to create natural recreation spaces such as ecologicalplatform, dry creek and concave garden, so as to provide more comprehensivepark green space for cities and communities. The planting bed is irrigated bysprinkler irrigation system, which is convenient to control the load of surfacerunoff on the ground. The ratio between impermeable pavements to lawn,vegetation in the park has increased by more than 50%. In addition, the grassplanting ditch absorbs rainwater, stores and infiltrates water, and effectivelycontrols the two kinds of water runoff in the site. The water storage systemcan collect up to 4500 liters of purified reclaimed water from the subgrade andother permeable areas of the park, so as to realize the development mode ofsponge city with natural accumulation, natural infiltration and naturalpurification. Build a natural ecosystem, provide a growth environment for siteorganisms, and awaken people's respect for nature.

舒適宜人的微氣候環(huán)境

An Ideal Micro-climate

我們對場地空間的方位進行合理的規(guī)劃，以避免在溫熱的南方濱海環(huán)境中過多遭受陽光直射，針對城市主導風向的設計也提升了空間的通風效果。同時我們通過科學選植樹種，種植設計來降低場地的熱量，并控制氣流的速度，有助于為場地降溫，補植的喬木冠幅標準為5m-6m。胸徑標準為23cm-24cm，確保在夏季主要道路上形成60%的遮陰。冬季確保落葉喬木（風鈴木）對場地陽光不產(chǎn)生遮擋，令使用者在一年的絕大部分時間里享受舒適的體感。

We make reasonable planning for the location of the site spaceto avoid too much direct sunlight in the warm southern coastal environment. Thedesign for the dominant wind direction of the city also improves theventilation effect of the space. At the same time, through scientific selectionof tree species and planting design, we can reduce the heat of the site andcontrol the speed of air flow, which is helpful to cool the site. The crownwidth of trees replanted is 5m-6m. The DBH standard is 23cm-24cm, ensuring 60%shade on the main roads in summer. Ensure that deciduous trees (Suzuki) do notblock the sunshine of the site in winter. Let children and adults embrace thesunshine in cold winter, so that users can enjoy a comfortable body feeling formost of the year.

水可以產(chǎn)生降溫作用，但水分過多則會帶來負面影響。亞熱帶海洋季風氣候在夏季過于燥熱，我們設計了一處互動水景以保證兒童在游戲過程中能適度降溫。為使用者營造舒適的微氣候環(huán)境。

Water can have a cooling effect, but too much water will have anegative impact. The Subtropical Ocean monsoon climate is too dry and hot insummer. We have designed an interactive waterscape to ensure that children cancool down moderately during the game creating a comfortable microclimateenvironment for users.

具有彈性的活力空間

A Flexible Activity Space

在未來多功能、高密度社區(qū)的背景下，我們在設計之初即將街道、公園、住區(qū)和學校作為一個整體系統(tǒng)來研究，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)不同年齡段的孩子和退休老人是社區(qū)公園活動的主要群體，通過運動健康激活鄰里社交，織補城市服務功能，開辟老年健身區(qū)、彈性交往區(qū)、嬰幼兒感官練習區(qū)、無動力兒童樂園、居民活動草坪等。

In the context of multi-functional and high-density communitiesin the future, we studied the streets, parks, residential areas and schools asa whole system at the beginning of the design. We found that children andretirees of different ages are the main groups of community park activities.Through sports and health, we can activate neighborhood social networking,supplement urban service functions, and open up fitness areas for the elderly,flexible communication areas Infant sensory training area, unpowered children'sparadise, residential activity lawn, etc.

這些空間通過形態(tài)和色彩營造的氛圍，促發(fā)居民可按即興的交往活動需求進行創(chuàng)造性的使用，因而也令設計師看到了場地設計更多的可能性。

Through the atmosphere created by form and color, these spacespromote residents to use creatively according to the needs of impromptucommunication activities, which also makes designers see more possibilities ofsite design.

喚醒社區(qū)的凝聚力

Evoke Community Unity

隨著項目交付設計師協(xié)同社區(qū)管理者在業(yè)主單位引導下，以公園作為載體開展了多場自然教育、游戲競賽、全民健身、民間藝術表演等活動。至此，人們仍在不停探索和開發(fā)它的新功能。最令人欣喜的是，開放之后，原本因為環(huán)境逼仄和破敗而搬離該社區(qū)的居民，又陸續(xù)重新回到這里生活，并在此自發(fā)組織各種文化藝術活動，蛇口居民再次對他們生活了四十年的社區(qū)充滿了期待。