西安市“三河一山”綠道規(guī)劃及重點(diǎn)區(qū)域城市設(shè)計(jì) | 土人設(shè)計(jì)

項(xiàng)目簡(jiǎn)介

Project Statement

西安“三河一山”綠道是由渭河，灞河及其支流浐河、庫峪河，灃河及其支流潏河、滈河，以及秦嶺環(huán)山帶共同組成的綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)，線位長約312公里。

The "San He Yi Shan" greenway in Xi'an is composed of Weihe River, Bahe River (including its tributaries Chanhe River and kuyu River), Fenghe River (including its tributaries Feihe River and Yaohe River), and the shallow mountain area of Qinling Mountains, with a length of 312 km.

▼總體規(guī)劃范圍

Overall planning scope ?土人設(shè)計(jì)

“三河一山”綠道作為大西安核心區(qū)最重要的區(qū)域級(jí)綠道，以山、水、塬、田等生態(tài)因素為依托，連接鄉(xiāng)村和城市，串聯(lián)西安中心城區(qū)和周邊新城組團(tuán)，沿途涉及11個(gè)區(qū)縣和開發(fā)區(qū)，體現(xiàn)了城市“背山面水、八水繞城”的山水格局，對(duì)市域生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護(hù)具有重要意義。

As the most important regional Greenway of Xi'an, "San He Yi Shan" is established by several ecological factors such as mountains, water, Tableland and farmland. It connects rural areas with urban areas, involving 11 districts and development zones. Greenway presents an ideal urban spatial pattern, which is of great significance to the protection of urban ecological environment.

目標(biāo)與挑戰(zhàn)

Site and Challenges

“三河一山”綠道以“維護(hù)大西安生態(tài)安全、體驗(yàn)西安山水文化魅力、滿足人民對(duì)美好生活的向往”為目標(biāo)，堅(jiān)持以“保護(hù)為主、修復(fù)為輔、合理利用”為原則，采用生態(tài)優(yōu)先的“逆向規(guī)劃”理念來保護(hù)綠道沿線河流、森林、濕地、農(nóng)園和文化遺產(chǎn)，這些關(guān)鍵空間將形成一個(gè)生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施來解決綠道沿線的水系調(diào)節(jié)問題，留住城鄉(xiāng)空間的生物棲息地，保護(hù)傳承歷史文化遺產(chǎn)，解決人們?nèi)粘Ｐ蓓瑔栴}和留住關(guān)中鄉(xiāng)愁。

The "San He Yi Shan" greenway aims to "maintain the ecological security of Xi'an, experience the charm of Xi'an's landscape culture, and meet the people's expectation for a better life". It complies with the principle of "protection first, restoration second, then rational utilization", and adopts the concept of "reverse planning" of ecological priority to protect the rivers, forests, wetlands, agricultural gardens and cultural heritage along the greenway. These key spaces will come into an ecological infrastructure to solve the problem of water regulation and retain the biological habitat of urban and rural space, protect and preserve the historical and cultural heritage, provide public place and retain homesickness.

“三河一山”綠道規(guī)劃與建設(shè)面臨以下六大挑戰(zhàn)：

挑戰(zhàn)一：水系統(tǒng)保水、自凈能力不足?，F(xiàn)狀河流以防洪為主要功能，城市用水激增和源頭水土流失，造成旱季缺水，水質(zhì)受到威脅。

挑戰(zhàn)二：沿線生境退化。河流駁岸硬化治理、沿岸林帶破壞、抬高水面淹沒河流洲島等做法，造成沿線動(dòng)物棲息地退化甚至消失。

問題三：鄉(xiāng)土景觀逐漸消失。精致的、高維護(hù)的植被搭配景觀向秦嶺北麓蔓延，作為曾經(jīng)的關(guān)中糧倉，秦嶺北麓的鄉(xiāng)土景觀正在逐漸消失。

問題四：歷史文化遺存保護(hù)利用不當(dāng)。沿線遺存豐富，目前以文保單位為主的搶救性保護(hù)方式無法全面、有效地保護(hù)和展示文化遺產(chǎn)價(jià)值。

問題五：游憩資源聯(lián)動(dòng)發(fā)展不足?！?現(xiàn)有游憩資源分散，品質(zhì)參差不齊，產(chǎn)業(yè)聯(lián)動(dòng)效應(yīng)弱。

問題六：可達(dá)性、連續(xù)性、體驗(yàn)性差。濱河及秦嶺沿山區(qū)域現(xiàn)有騎行道和步行道可達(dá)性和連續(xù)性差，出行安全性和體驗(yàn)性差。

The planning faces the following six challenges:            

（1）The capacity of water conservation and water system self purification is insufficient.

At present, the main function of rivers is flood control. Due to the surge of urban water use and soil erosion at the source, water shortage and water quality are threatened in dry season.            

（2）Habitat degradation.

Hardened riverbanks, destroyed vegetation and submerged islands have resulted in the degradation or even disappearance of animal habitats.

（3）The vernacular landscape gradually disappeared.

High maintenance landscape is spreading to the Qinling Mountains, and the local landscape of Qinling shallow mountain area is gradually disappearing.

（4）The protection and utilization of existing cultural relics are not appropriate. 

There are abundant relics along the greenway. However, the emergency method of historical and cultural sites under government protection can not fully and effectively protect and display the value of cultural heritage.

（5）The interactive development of recreational resources is insufficient.

The existing recreational resources are scattered, the quality is varied, and the business interaction is weak.

（6）Accessibility, continuity and experience are required to be improved. 

The accessibility and continuity of the existing cycling and walking roads in the riverside and Qinling Mountains are unsatisfied, and the safety and experience are required to be improved.

▼健康的水系廊道

Healthy water corridor  ?土人設(shè)計(jì)

設(shè)計(jì)策略

Design Strategies

策略一：構(gòu)建一條呈現(xiàn)多彩自然的生態(tài)廊道。

針對(duì)綠道水文調(diào)節(jié)、生物棲息、遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)、休閑游憩等功能進(jìn)行研究分析，構(gòu)建綜合生態(tài)安全格局，與用地規(guī)劃進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)，形成區(qū)域生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。依托生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施劃定綠道生態(tài)控制區(qū)，對(duì)綠道保護(hù)、修復(fù)和利用進(jìn)行管控和建設(shè)引導(dǎo)。

通過規(guī)劃和提升滯洪濕地、雨洪公園，設(shè)立污水處理廠試點(diǎn)活水公園，修復(fù)數(shù)十公里生態(tài)岸線和森林帶，整合提升秦嶺山塬的特色農(nóng)園，實(shí)現(xiàn)河流廊道、沿線鄉(xiāng)土生境和優(yōu)質(zhì)農(nóng)林資源的保護(hù)、修復(fù)與利用，展現(xiàn)秦嶺北麓的綠水青山和豐饒大地。

策略二：營造一條體驗(yàn)古都山水文化的遺產(chǎn)廊道。

圍繞“中華文明的開放與包容”這一主題，以古運(yùn)河和古驛道兩類線性文化遺產(chǎn)為主要對(duì)象 ，借助綠道串聯(lián)周邊文化遺址和鄉(xiāng)土文化遺產(chǎn)，完善遺產(chǎn)廊道上相關(guān)遺存的保護(hù)與展示，讓文化遺產(chǎn)走進(jìn)人們生活。

策略三：打造一條為人民創(chuàng)造更美好生活的幸福廊道。

充分利用現(xiàn)狀堤頂路、風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的低等級(jí)鄉(xiāng)村道路，貫通、提升410KM綠道主游徑，規(guī)劃多樣化的支游徑，引入自行車、馬拉松等賽事活動(dòng)和其他文化娛樂活動(dòng)。落實(shí)三級(jí)驛站服務(wù)體系，引入智慧管理系統(tǒng)，提供休息、智慧解說、安保、換乘和娛樂服務(wù)。串聯(lián)沿線100多個(gè)游憩點(diǎn)，與周邊城市商業(yè)中心、特色小鎮(zhèn)、旅游景區(qū)和工業(yè)遺址區(qū)進(jìn)行聯(lián)動(dòng)發(fā)展，提供豐富的生活休閑體驗(yàn)。

（1）Build a colorful and natural ecological corridor.

To build a comprehensive ecological security pattern, then coordinate with land use planning, and finally create a regional ecological infrastructure.

Based on the ecological infrastructure, the greenway ecological control area is delimited to control and guide the greenway protection, restoration and utilization.

By protecting the wetland, establishing the living water park and protecting the shoreline, the river corridor can be restored. The integration and upgrade of agricultural parks help achieve the promotion of high-quality agricultural and forestry resources.

（2）Build a heritage corridor to experience the landscape culture of the ancient capital.

The theme of Greenway is open mind. It mainly connects two types of linear cultural heritage: canal and post road, and protects and displays the relevant remains, so as to let the cultural heritage step into people's life.

（3）Build a happy corridor to create a better life for the people.

Make full use of the existing riverbank roads and beautiful rural roads to connect the main travel path of the 410km greenway, and introduce cycling, marathon and other cultural and entertainment activities. The greenway has set up three-level post service system and introduced intelligent management system to provide diversified services. It not only connects lots of recreational spots, but also develops with the surrounding areas.

▼運(yùn)河遺產(chǎn)資源

Canal Heritage Resources ?土人設(shè)計(jì)

▼古驛道遺產(chǎn)資源

Ancient post road heritage resources ?土人設(shè)計(jì)

▼“三河一山”綠道游徑系統(tǒng)圖

"Three rivers and one mountain" greenway trail system diagram ?土人設(shè)計(jì)

▼“三河一山”綠道驛站系統(tǒng)圖

System diagram of "three rivers and one mountain" greenway post station ?土人設(shè)計(jì)

▼環(huán)西安大公園游憩帶項(xiàng)目落點(diǎn)圖

Location map of recreation belt project around Xi'an Grand Park ?土人設(shè)計(jì)

▼”一環(huán)、四帶、十四段“

”First ring, fourth belt and fourteenth section“  ?土人設(shè)計(jì)

03.結(jié)論

Conclusion

西安“三河一山”綠道將會(huì)成為環(huán)繞大西安核心區(qū)的超級(jí)綠道。從灞橋遺址作為起點(diǎn)，經(jīng)灞河、渭河、灃河到儀祉湖，將形成一條長74km、全線騎行不下車的精品段，將會(huì)為市民和游客提供獨(dú)特的出行體驗(yàn)?！叭右簧健本G道將成為西安綠色發(fā)展的生態(tài)名片，展現(xiàn)西安山、水、城相融的美麗城市。

The "San He Yi Shan" Greenway will become a grand around in the core area of Xi'an. It is a 74 km long, barrier free greenway from Baqiao site to Yizhi lake, which will provide unique travel experience for citizens and tourists. "San He Yi Shan" greenway will become the ecological card of Xi'an's green development, showing the beautiful city of Xi'an with mountains, water and city.

項(xiàng)目信息

^{項(xiàng)目名稱：陜西省西安市“三河一山”綠道詳細(xì)規(guī)劃及重點(diǎn)區(qū)域城市設(shè)計(jì)}

^{委 托 方：西安市自然資源和規(guī)劃局}

^{項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)： 陜西省西安市}

^{項(xiàng)目規(guī)模：730平方公里（規(guī)劃范圍），25平方公里（重要區(qū)域設(shè)計(jì)范圍）}

^{首席設(shè)計(jì)師：俞孔堅(jiān)}

^{設(shè)計(jì)部門：海綿城市建設(shè)分院}

^{項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人：林雙盈}

^{設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：林雙盈、王櫟、韓俊龍、方圓、黃超、熊瑋佳、葉慶龍、郭璇、關(guān)舒、劉茵宸、李源、彭川、王嬌、唐蘇微、常鑫、武超、肖京澤、崔曉雷、毛睿、楊洋、王天霞、王國威、楊學(xué)賓、張潔、袁開文}

^{Project Name：DETAILED PLANNING OF "SAN HE YI SHAN" GREENWAY AND URBAN DESIGN OF KEY AREAS IN XI'AN, SHANXI PROVINCE}

^{Client：Xi 'an Natural Resources and Planning Bureau}

^{Location：Xi 'an City, Shanxi Province, China} 

^{Design : Turenscape}

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_{項(xiàng)目咨詢：18510568018（微信同號(hào)）}