古勞水鄉(xiāng)木橋 | 羅宇杰工作室

▼有游船的全貌 ? 金偉琦

Overall view of bridge and fishing boat ? Jin Weiqi

▼有漁船駛?cè)?? 金偉琦

Boat sailing towards the bridge ? Jin Weiqi

圍墩振興

Background: rural revitalization

江門古勞，因為特殊的灘涂地理，素有利用水域進(jìn)行圍墩漁耕的傳統(tǒng)，由于水系、魚塘在村落中占據(jù)了極大的場地、分割出很多地塊，“橋”作為各區(qū)域連接體特別常見。隨著大灣區(qū)城市群快速發(fā)展，大量村民放棄傳統(tǒng)漁耕生活選擇城市化棲居，以漁為生的水鄉(xiāng)村落也在城市發(fā)展進(jìn)程中慢慢消亡。

Due to the unique tidal flat landform, Gulou in Jiangmen City established the tradition of making use of the water system to dig ponds and form mounds for fishing and farming. As the water system and fish ponds occupy a large area and form a fragmented spatial pattern in local villages, many bridges have been built to connect the areas segmented by water. With rapid urbanization in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, many local villagers have abandoned the traditional fishing lifestyle in favor of living a more urban life. For this reason, water villages in which people make a living by fishing have been gradually disappearing. 

▼木橋與周圍大區(qū)域 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Timber bridge and its surroundings ? LUO studio

▼模型圖 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Model ? LUO studio

▼西北側(cè)望向橋體 ? 金偉琦

View of the bridge from the northwest side ? Jin Weiqi

▼東側(cè)的夜景 ? 金偉琦

Night view of the bridge from the east side ? Jin Weiqi

古勞水鄉(xiāng)，是華僑城進(jìn)行以鄉(xiāng)村振興為大背景的區(qū)域開發(fā)，意在保留圍墩空間肌理的前提下，讓城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展與村落歷史文脈有機結(jié)合：維持水鄉(xiāng)基本河域型態(tài)，將自然教育、親子休閑和漁牧文化進(jìn)行有機鏈接。

Gulou Waterfront is an eco-cultural tourism resort developed by OCT in the context of rural revitalization, aiming to combine rural development with the cultural background of local villages on the premise of preserving the unique spatial fabrics featuring mounds and ponds. The resort maintains the form of the basic local water system while organically integrating nature education, parent-child recreation, and fishing & husbandry activities. 

▼側(cè)立面 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Elevation ? LUO studio

▼西北側(cè)俯瞰 ? 金偉琦

Top view from the northwest side ? Jin Weiqi

這些業(yè)態(tài)的營造需要在必要的區(qū)域進(jìn)行橋梁的搭建，方便人群、漁船的順利通行。

Those operations in the resort require several bridges in certain areas, to facilitate the movement of people and fishing boats.

▼有漁夫航行 ? 金偉琦

Rowing fisherman ? Jin Weiqi

▼漁船劃行經(jīng)過 ? 金偉琦

Sailing fishing boat ? Jin Weiqi

全木拱橋

Arched wooden bridge

漁耕文明時期陸路不暢，漕運是重要的通航、物流手段，橋上要通行、橋下也需要提供船只通航，“拱”可以獲得更大的橋下通行空間，在中國造橋的傳統(tǒng)方式中，選擇“拱”營造可得結(jié)構(gòu)效能極高，南方多河流也多林木，亦有以“木”造橋的傳統(tǒng)。

During the fishing civilization period, roads were poorly developed, so water systems became the key route for transportation and logistics. Since bridges need to be walkable while also ensuring more space for boats underneath to pass through, traditional bridge construction techniques in China adopted "arches" to create space for the passage of boats under bridges, and enhance the effectiveness of the structure. Due to the abundance of woods, Southern China has the tradition of applying timber to build bridges.

▼全貌 ? 金偉琦

Overall view of the bridge ? Jin Weiqi

▼有船經(jīng)過橋中央 ? 金偉琦

Boat passing under the bridge ? Jin Weiqi

▼漁船遠(yuǎn)去 ? 金偉琦

Boat sailing away from the bridge ? Jin Weiqi

木橋是古勞水鄉(xiāng)眾多橋梁中的一座，為了區(qū)別于城市化建設(shè)，重塑傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)土文化，采取以“自然材-木料”進(jìn)行“拱橋”建造。水鄉(xiāng)除了漁民的小木船通行外，還提供有游客參訪的大船，為了保證橋下各船只的順利通行，兩端承臺拱底高于常水位1.35m、拱弦高2.8m，兩者相加4m余保障了橋體底部與水面的游船通行凈高需求，橋拱跨度依地勘、結(jié)構(gòu)合理的兩岸間隔定為25.2m，通過結(jié)構(gòu)計算和建造梳理，采取了三根曲木大梁作為主結(jié)構(gòu)件、以2.7m的軸線間隔進(jìn)行平行排布，每根大梁考慮到加工和運輸?shù)男詢r比，在合理的位置分隔成三段開“榫卯”加鋼構(gòu)螺栓連接，通過這三段小曲梁在現(xiàn)場施工拼合，組成完整的大拱梁。

This project is a timber bridge, which is one of the many in Gulou Waterfront Resort. To differentiate it from urban constructions and revitalize traditional rural culture, LUO studio adopted natural wooden materials to construct an arched bridge. The resort provides access for small fishing vessels, as well as large tour ships. To enable boats of various sizes to pass under the bridge smoothly, the load-bearing platform at the bottom of the arch which is 1.35m higher than the normal water level, combined with the 2.8m arched structure, forms a space more than 4m higher than the normal water level. This meets the clearance requirements for large tour boats to pass through. Based on geological surveys, the span of the bridge is set at 25.2m. Through structural calculation and construction analysis, LUO studio utilized 3 large curved beams as main structural components, which are arranged in a parallel manner with a 2.8 spacing between each other. With full consideration of manufacturing and transportation costs, each main beam was divided into three sections at appropriate positions, connected and assembled by steel-strengthened bolts on the site, to form the complete wooden beam.

▼廊側(cè)圍護(hù)體構(gòu)造分析 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Corridor enclosure structures diagram ? LUO studio

▼仰望橋身 ? 金偉琦

Upward view of the bridge ? Jin Weiqi

▼背光中的橋體 ? 金偉琦

Bridge against light ? Jin Weiqi

橋上設(shè)廊

Set covered corridor on the bridge

該橋位于一個密集的古商街區(qū)與兒童游樂園區(qū)的銜接處，與其它區(qū)位“開放性”景觀橋的不一樣的處理方式，采取了相對“封閉的廊空間”作為橋體的營造，強化和區(qū)別出兩個完全不同的空間場域，讓游覽者在經(jīng)過兩個截然不一樣的功能區(qū)有空間過渡的儀式感：從偏“實”的商業(yè)性街道——到偏“虛”的夢幻水鄉(xiāng)兒童游樂區(qū)。

The ridge is located in the joint area between a dense traditional commercial street area and a children's recreation area. LUO studio created a relatively "closed" corridor space on the timber bridge, which is different from other open landscape bridges in the resort. The aims were to accentuate the transition from the "practical" commercial street area to the relatively "dreamy" children's recreation area, allowing visitors to feel a sense of ceremony in the moving process.

▼兩端入口立面 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Entrance diagram ? LUO studio

▼模型圖 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Model ? LUO studio

▼西側(cè)正入口 ? 金偉琦

Entrance on the west side ? Jin Weiqi

橋上架廊的起源很早，古人有記：“橋上架梁，梁上豎屋，結(jié)構(gòu)才完；雨曬陽曝，橋梁幾蠹，植易陶瓦，命工覆蓋。”最初橋上廊屋為強化結(jié)構(gòu)、防雨止潮，使木材保持干燥，可經(jīng)久不腐，橋廊傳統(tǒng)可追溯到春秋戰(zhàn)國時期。

Constructing a covered corridor on bridges has been an old tradition that dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The initial intention was to strengthen the bridge structure, resist rain and moisture, keep the wood dry and prevent it from corrosion.

▼西南側(cè)看橋身 ? 金偉琦

View of the bridge from the southwest side ? Jin Weiqi

▼側(cè)面看橋身 ? 金偉琦

Side view of the bridge ? Jin Weiqi

古勞水鄉(xiāng)木橋也遵循了傳統(tǒng)木橋架設(shè)廊屋的這個建造智慧，通過廊的建造在結(jié)構(gòu)上達(dá)到整體穩(wěn)定性，同時也保護(hù)下面的拱木結(jié)構(gòu)避免日曬雨淋。

This project also inherits the construction wisdom of ancient covered bridges. The covered corridor enhances the overall structural stability and protects the arched wooden structure beneath from exposure to sun and rain.

▼剖面 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Section ? LUO studio

▼在劃船的漁夫 ? 金偉琦

Rowing fisherman ? Jin Weiqi

所處珠江三角洲西部地區(qū)雨水豐沛，在廊橋的外部采取了相對封閉的建造方式，廊空間外表皮選擇金屬板材進(jìn)行層層疊覆的方式，獲得有效的雨水遮蔽，也相應(yīng)形成了一種更內(nèi)聚感的廊空間。

The west area of the Pearl River Delta where the timber bridge is located has abundant rainfall, so the corridor was constructed in a relatively closed form. The exterior of the corridor space is covered by layers of metal plates, which effectively protect it from rain and also create a sense of cohesion for the space.

▼模型圖 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Model ? LUO studio

▼橋下的漁船 ? 金偉琦

Fishing boat under the bridge ? Jin Weiqi

“廊”的建造

Covered corridor construction

1. 小截面木料的次結(jié)構(gòu)體系

Sub-structural system formed by wooden components with small sections

除了承擔(dān)橋體主荷載的三根大木拱梁截面為600mm*300mm外，其他的木料采取了小截面木料（100mm*100mm、100mm*50mm規(guī)格）的建造方式，將小木料于三根大主梁進(jìn)行上下次梁咬接固定，再從這些小次梁的兩端向上收合形成三角受力型態(tài)。

Apart from the three large wooden arched beams that bear the main load of the bridge body having a section size of 600mm*300mm, other wooden components adopt small sections. They are either 100mm*100mm or 100mm*50mm. Small wooden components are interlocked and anchored to the three main arched beams, functioning as sub-beams on upper and lower levels. In addition, the two ends of these sub-beams are combined with upward components to form a stable triangle of forces.

▼模型圖 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Model ? LUO studio

▼剖軸測 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Axonometric drawing ? LUO studio

▼橋下看水街 ? 金偉琦

Viewing waterfront street under the bridge ? Jin Weiqi

從橋頂俯瞰的平面圖是完整方形，橋的側(cè)立面“上-左-右”外輪廓也呈方形、只有“下”部順應(yīng)“拱”的型態(tài)自然取弧，這使得橋廊內(nèi)部生成“高-低-高”空間漸變。在橋廊的兩端由于空間高為了結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定在中段設(shè)置了橫向連接桿件，基于這個結(jié)構(gòu)必要措施搭放了兩個觀景平臺，這平臺也避免了從出口處就對廊橋內(nèi)部一覽無余的空間單調(diào)感。

The plane of the bridge's roof is a complete rectangle. The top, left, right edges of the bridge's side facades also consist of rectangular silhouettes, while only the lower edge is a natural curve. This generates height variations of the corridor space that is higher on the two sides and lower in the middle. To ensure the structural stability of the covered corridor space, the design team set horizontal connecting rods in the middle section and added two viewing platforms on either side, which also avoid the monotonous feeling when viewing the corridor space from the entrance and exit.

▼正入口的局部 ? 金偉琦

Entrance details ? Jin Weiqi

▼橋廊上的人群 ? 金偉琦

People on the corridor space ? Jin Weiqi

小截面的次結(jié)構(gòu)體系，不僅使得廊空間內(nèi)部有很好的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造感，也讓穿行在橋底的游船乘客于橋下觀看橋底也頗有建造匠藝細(xì)節(jié)的視覺體驗。

The small-section sub-structural system not only enhances the sense of structure in the corridor space but also reveals the elaborate craftsmanship and details to visitors on tour boats and offers them a unique visual experience.

▼木架變截面分析 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Wooden frame sections ? LUO studio

▼從中央望向東側(cè)平臺 ? 金偉琦

View of the east platform from the middle area ? Jin Weiqi

2. 構(gòu)造模數(shù)&材料規(guī)格

Construction modules & material specifications 

小截面木料對應(yīng)小間距排布，按照次結(jié)構(gòu)梁每榀1000mm等分的軸線間隔，這個尺度可以很好的與臺階、外金屬表皮的建造尺度相匹配。拱曲陡的地方形成三步臺階高度、拱曲緩的地方設(shè)兩步臺階高度；外表皮金屬板材在1000mm軸線尺寸內(nèi)控制于900mm左右的邊長尺寸，從加工、運輸、人工安裝等各工藝流程來說，都是非常適宜的大??；900mm的間隔也是單人于兩框之間站立、倚靠、停歇比較適宜的尺度。

The small-scale wooden components are arranged with small spacing in between. The spacing between neighboring substructures is set at 1,000mm equally. This perfectly matches the scales of the steps and metal exteriors. Between neighboring sub-beams, three steps are set at the steep sections of the arch, while two steps are set at the gentle sections. The length of each external metal plate is controlled at about 900mm, which is appropriate for manufacturing, transporting, and installation. The 900mm length of timber frames also provides a suitable space for a single person to stand, lean, and rest.

▼模型圖 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Model ? LUO studio

▼有人行走的橋廊空間 ? 金偉琦

Pedestrian on the bridge corridor ? Jin Weiqi

▼有人行走的中部橋廊上 ? 金偉琦

Pedestrian walking on the central area of the bridge corridor ? Jin Weiqi

3. 頂光&側(cè)縫、底隙

Top light, side and bottom gaps

廊地面臺階上下層控制在70mm間隙，廊側(cè)面的金屬表皮上下疊壓控制于200mm左右的透縫，廊頂部中央設(shè)置了一道1500mm寬窄的采光帶：使得人從橋兩端入口緩步進(jìn)入橋廊時，目光可以透過臺階上下踏步間的狹小縫隙隱約感覺到廊橋之下的波光粼粼。

The neighboring upper and lower steps of the corridor have a clearance of 70mm. A gap of about 200mm is set in between layered metal plates on the exteriors of the corridor space. A 1,500mm-wide daylighting belt is set at the middle of the corridor roof. When walking slowly into the corridor space from the entrances at both ends, visitors can catch the sparkling water under the bridge through the narrow gaps between steps.

▼橋頂-側(cè)-底構(gòu)造分解圖 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Exploded diagram (roof- side parts- bottom) ? LUO studio

▼入口的一側(cè)通道 ? 金偉琦

Passage on one side of the entrance ? Jin Weiqi

▼橋廊空間 ? 金偉琦

Bridge corridor ? Jin Weiqi

在爬升橋體的過程中，上下金屬板縫之間的折射亮光會吸引人透過側(cè)縫向往觀望，這種被“收藏”的觀瀾感，區(qū)別于其他的橋體開敞成為一種特別體驗；當(dāng)穿過兩端的平臺而達(dá)到廊的中央，頂部的光影被充分而全然獲知，帶給觀者一種靜謐、闊朗感覺，形成一個連續(xù)的“先抑后揚”空間秩序。

As they continue to climb the bridge, the bright light refracted by the upper and lower metal plates attract them to look out through the side gaps. Such a special "collected" viewing experience distinguishes this timber bridge from other open bridges. While passing through the platforms from two ends to reach the center of the bridge corridor, visitors can fully experience the light and shadows from the top, feeling calmness and openness in the mind. Such design forms a continuous spatial rhythm that gradually reaches the climax.

▼通往東側(cè)平臺的階梯空間 ? 金偉琦

Steps leading to the east platform ? Jin Weiqi

▼橋廊上中部 ? 金偉琦

Middle and upper area of the corridor space ? Jin Weiqi

工業(yè)&手作

Industrialization and handwork

基于工廠產(chǎn)業(yè)化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)生產(chǎn)加工的材料，所需木料、金屬都是現(xiàn)行工業(yè)技術(shù)手段，安裝和施工過程除了大梁借助大型機械進(jìn)行吊裝，其他的后續(xù)施工環(huán)節(jié)兼顧“鄉(xiāng)土”這個大的區(qū)域語境，完全由工人的雙手即可搬運、安裝完成，既有效的照顧了周圍的交叉施工區(qū)域、也借助的工業(yè)化的高效、同時傳達(dá)出了鄉(xiāng)土溫度和建造的在地性。

The materials utilized were manufactured and processed by factories based on industrialization standards, and all the necessary timber and metal components were treated by modern industrial technology and methods. During the installation and construction, only the three main beams were hoisted by large machinery. All other follow-up construction steps were fully adaptable and transportable through the hands of the workers in response to the local context. The whole construction process not only effectively harmonized with the surrounding construction sites and took advantage of efficient industrialized methods, but also conveyed rural warmth as well as the "localization" of construction. 

▼次結(jié)構(gòu)件施工 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Sub-structural components installation ? LUO studio

▼次結(jié)構(gòu)體系 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Sub-structural system ? LUO studio

▼廊骨架完成 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Completed skeleton of the corridor space ? LUO studio

▼臺階材料搬運 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Moving step materials ? LUO studio

▼明燈的傍晚 ? 金偉琦

Illuminated night view ? Jin Weiqi

▼西入口的黃昏 ? 金偉琦

West entrance at dusk ? Jin Weiqi

▼明燈的倒影 ? 金偉琦

Reflection of the illuminated bridge ? Jin Weiqi

▼船工劃船經(jīng)過 ? 金偉琦

Boat passing through ? Jin Weiqi

▼總平面圖 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Master plan ? LUO studio

▼平面圖 ? 羅宇杰工作室LUO studio

Plan ? LUO studio

^項目信息

^{項目名稱：古勞水鄉(xiāng)木橋}

^{業(yè)主：江門華僑城投資發(fā)展有限公司}

^{設(shè)計團(tuán)隊：羅宇杰工作室LUO studio（www.luostudio.cn）}

^{設(shè)計人（兼施工指導(dǎo)）：羅宇杰、盧焯健、王蓓蕾}

^{結(jié)構(gòu)顧問：欒櫨構(gòu)造設(shè)計事務(wù)所}

^{施工組織：深圳市振輝建筑工程有限公司}

^{木材供應(yīng)方：上海圣特豪森木結(jié)構(gòu)有限公司、遼寧金柏勝木結(jié)構(gòu)科技有限公司}

^{燈具供應(yīng)廠家：廣東流星宇數(shù)碼照明有限公司}

^{項目地址：中國廣東省江門市古勞水鄉(xiāng)}

^{攝影師：金偉琦}

^{視頻制作：金偉琦、肖石明}

^{總面積：166平方米}

^{橋體尺寸（木結(jié)構(gòu)部分長、寬、高）：25.2m*7.3m*8.6m}

^{材料：松木、混凝土、鋁板、玻璃}

^{設(shè)計時間：2021年3月}

^{完工時間：2022年1月}

^{Project information:}

^{Project name: Timber Bridge in Gulou Waterfront} 

^{Client: Jiangmen OCT Co., Ltd.}

^{Design studio: LUO studio (www.luostudio.cn)}

^{Design / construction instruction: Luo Yujie, Lu Zhuojian, Wang Beilei}

^{Structural consulting: LaLu Structural Consulting}

^{Construction firm: Shenzhen Zhenhui Architectural Engineering Co., Ltd.}

^{Wood material suppliers: SHENGTEHAOSEN, KINGSPINE-HOUSE}

^{Lighting fixture supplier: Meteor Shower}

^{Location: Gulou Waterfront, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China}

^{Photography: Jin Weiqi}

^{Video production: Jin Weiqi, Xiao Shiming}

^{Total spatial area: 166 square meters}

^{Wooden bridge body size: 25.2m*7.3m*8.6m}

^{Main materials: pine wood, concrete, aluminum plate, glass}

^{Start time: March 2021}

^{Completion time: January 2022}

^{版權(quán)聲明：本文版權(quán)歸原作者所有，請勿以景觀中國編輯版本轉(zhuǎn)載。如有侵犯您的權(quán)益請及時聯(lián)系，我們將第一時間刪除。}

^{投稿郵箱：info@landscape.cn}

^{項目咨詢：18510568018（微信同號）}