泰國金鑰匙幸福小鎮(zhèn)養(yǎng)老社區(qū)景觀設計 | shma

目前在全球部分地區(qū)，年齡超過60歲的人口數(shù)量達到總?cè)丝诘?0%以上，人口老齡化現(xiàn)象顯著，我們必須重新思考城市建設如何為退休人士帶來充實的生活。

“金鑰匙幸福小鎮(zhèn)”探索未來社區(qū)的新形式，是泰國首個融合了住宅、商業(yè)和醫(yī)院等功能的養(yǎng)老綜合開發(fā)項目。小鎮(zhèn)規(guī)劃從老年人的需求出發(fā)，制定了三項基本原則：生態(tài)可持續(xù)、健康體魄和社區(qū)意識。項目圍繞“休養(yǎng)”、“融入”和“創(chuàng)造”等概念設計了多樣化的活動，提升了居住體驗。項目初始階段，我們對“健康七維度”進行了研究，提出了優(yōu)化老年生活的方法，并將其融入景觀設計中，真正實現(xiàn)“山谷雨林社區(qū)”的設計理念。

^{As many parts of the world are becoming an aging society - where more than 20% of the population are older than 60 years old, we need to rethink how we build our city for everyone to live meaningfully after retirement.}

^{Seeking a new typology of future communities, ‘Jin Wellbeing County’ has become the first senior oriented mixed-use development in Thailand comprising residence, commercial unit, and hospital. Its planning focuses on 3 principles - ‘Sustainable Nature’, ‘Physical Wellbeing’, and ‘Sense of Community’, responding to seniors’ needs. Diverse activity dynamics are designed through ‘Retreat’, ‘Engage’ and ‘Create’ concepts which enhance all-round living experience. Together with our initial research on “The Seven Dimensions of Wellness,” marking beneficial approaches for aging life, all aspects are embedded in the landscape design to truly achieve “Community in the Ravine Forest.”}

^{▲設計原則 Design Principle}

^{▲設計理念：山谷雨林社區(qū) Concept: Community in the ravine forest}

^{▲山谷雨林鳥瞰圖 Aerial view of the ravine forest}

金鑰匙幸福小鎮(zhèn)位于曼谷郊區(qū)巴吞他尼府的湄南河沖積平原上，過去以低地農(nóng)田為主，常發(fā)生季節(jié)性洪水。然而隨著城市化的發(fā)展，該區(qū)域逐漸被成排的建筑、房屋和基礎設施所占據(jù)，有發(fā)生嚴重洪澇災害的隱患。由于水流受阻，曼谷以及市郊地區(qū)已遭受了如2011年泰國洪水和雨季暴洪等嚴重災害。因此，設計師充分考慮了公共空間和周邊環(huán)境的需要，除了傳統(tǒng)的填埋方法外，還使用了圩田系統(tǒng)，在雨水進入公共排洪設施之前截留部分雨水。這種方法如能在城市中廣泛使用，或?qū)⒂兄诳刂朴旰?，提高城市韌性。

^{Located in the Chao Phraya Flood Plain, the site of Jin Wellbeing County in Pathum Thani, the suburb of Bangkok, is previously known for agricultural lowland, which gets flooded seasonally. Nonetheless, as time passed by, the area gradually became urbanized by rows of buildings, housings, and infrastructure, leaving the possibility of severe flooding. By blocking the flow of water, Bangkok and its suburbs have faced critical phenomena such as 2011 Thailand Floods and regular flash floods during the rainy season. As a result, Jin Wellbeing County is designed thoughtfully with a consideration to the public and surrounding site, by adopting “Polder System,” which helps retain water before releasing to public amenity, apart from doing typical landfill methods. This approach potentially helps maintain flood in urban areas, leading to a resilient living, if used in every site around the city.}

^{▲設計策略 From Principle to Design Strategy}

^{▲場地圖解 Site Diagram}

小鎮(zhèn)的全階段總體規(guī)劃中設計了多種混合用途設施，目前已建成58332平方米的一期項目，其中包括金鑰匙幸福研究中心、Thonburi Burana醫(yī)院，以及1號和2號低層住宅群。項目設計了22485平方米的地面及屋頂綠化空間，占場地面積的40%，遠超30%的設計標準。

^{Despite the full-phase masterplan with all mixed use facilities, the project is now completed  within 58,332 square meters of Phase I which comprises Jin Wellness Institute and Thonburi Burana Hospital and Low-rise Residential Cluster 1 and 2. The project exclusively offers 22,485 square meters of green spaces - both on-ground and on-structure, which equals to 40% of the site area, exceeding the 30% standard requirement.}

^{▲總體規(guī)劃與剖面圖 Masterplan and Section}

生態(tài)可持續(xù)

^{Sustainable Nature}

與自然和諧共生有益于人們的身心健康。設計師選擇了不同高度、形態(tài)和花色的植物進行搭配，包括多年生植物、濱海喬木和地被植物等。為了還原森林的植被特征，設計師用自然的混合種植手法搭配植物，而不是行列式種植。這將觸發(fā)自然的“生態(tài)演替”過程，不同植物共同生長，隨著時間的推移自然淘汰不適合的物種，形成穩(wěn)定的群落。

^{A perfect harmony with nature will surely enhance people’s physical and mental health. Plants selection varies in heights, forms and flower colors, including Perennials, Shoreline Trees, Groundcover plants. To imitate a forest, they are arranged all over softscape areas by mixing up, rather than in an orderly composition. They can trigger the ‘ecological succession’ process, allowing every species to grow mutually and substitute the older ones naturally over time.} 

^{▲植物配植策略 Planting Design Strategy}

^{▲溪流兩側(cè)豐茂的植被 Lush Creek within the landscape}

水管理系統(tǒng)在雨季控制洪水，旱季則可以供水。在場地中央的“溪流”是主要的排水和水處理系統(tǒng)，與“生態(tài)沼澤”一起收集雨水徑流。經(jīng)過凈化的水將匯集在“生態(tài)池”中進行儲存，或進行下一步處理，可作為場地內(nèi)植物的灌溉用水。這種韌性的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為鳥類、水生動物、昆蟲和松鼠等“城市野生動物”提供了食物和生境，有助于維護生物多樣性，甚至促進與周邊地區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的交流。

^{Water management system functions in handling flooding on wet seasons and supplying adequate water on dry seasons. ‘Creek’ is proposed through the middle of the site as a main drainage and treatment system, along with ‘Bioswale,’ gathering runoff water from the outer part. Primarily purified water will flow along the way into ‘Biopond,’ used for retention and secondary treatment. It, therefore, provides reused water for irrigation and keeps the project green all year. This resilient ecosystem essentially becomes food sources and habitats for ‘urban wildlife’ such as birds, aquatic animals, insects and squirrels, playing a role in maintaining biodiversity and even exchanging such systems with nearby areas.}

^{▲循環(huán)水管理系統(tǒng) Upcycle Water management}

^{▲灌溉分配與減洪 Irrigation Distribution and Flood Mitigation}

^{▲“溪流”水處理系統(tǒng)  ‘Creek’as a main drainage and treatment system}

^{▲生態(tài)池與有機形態(tài)橋梁 Aerial view of organic bridge and biopond}

^{▲生物多樣化的森林為城市野生動物提供生境 Forest biodiversity as habitat for residents and urban wildlife}

^{▲場地內(nèi)的城市野生動物 Urban Wildlife at Jin Wellbeing County}

健康體魄

^{Physical Wellbeing}

項目強調(diào)“通用化設計”，所有區(qū)域均由坡道相連，上下坡處安裝扶手，并不另外設置臺階。老年人和殘障人士可以安全地在輪椅上使用這些道路，救護車也能夠輕松進入。路旁每隔30至50米設有座椅，老年人可以隨時停下來休息。地面鋪裝使用了粗糙的防滑材料，合適的照明為夜間使用提供方便。

^{As ‘Universal Design’ is another main priority, all programs are connected with ‘All-ramp access,’ sloping up and down with equipped handrails and no additional steps. These pathways allow seniors and handicaps to stroll around safely. Ambulance can also easily pass through during an emergency. Seatings are placed at every 30-50 meters distance along the paths, where elderly can take a rest from time to time. Rough surface materials are used to reduce the risk of slippering, along with adequate lighting for night time usage.}

^{▲貫穿場地的坡道系統(tǒng) All-ramp access}

^{▲適用于輪椅的無障礙道路系統(tǒng) Commuting through the lush path}

^{▲每隔30米的休息座椅區(qū) Room Seating Space at every 30 m}

^{▲橋兩側(cè)的座椅 seating along the bridge}

位于研究所和醫(yī)院附近的療愈花園是幫助保持身體健康的一大亮點。它鼓勵使用者運用五感——視覺、聽覺、味覺、嗅覺和觸覺去感受五彩繽紛的芳香植物，以達到整體健康。人們可以在用各種粗糙石塊鋪成的小路上進行足底按摩。此外還設置了平坦道路、斜坡和臺階三種特別的物理療法小路，它們都安裝了扶手，方便照顧者陪同，也能鼓勵使用者重建自己的力量。

^{The Therapeutic Garden, located nearby Jin Wellness Institute and Thonburi Burana Hospital is one highlight that ensures physical wellness. It encourages users to exercise their five senses - sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch to achieve holistic health, among colorful and fragrant species. Here, doing feet massage is attainable at the reflexology path designed with various sets of rough stones. There are also special trails for physical therapy designed in 3 patterns - flat road, slope path, steps. All are equipped with handrails, allowing caretakers to walk together and encourage them to rebuild their strengths.} 

^{▲療愈花園 Therapeutic Garden}

^{▲材料細節(jié)和石塊選擇 Material Details and Stone experiment process}

社區(qū)意識

^{Sense of Community}

項目的另一大特點是“多代居”，在這里，完全自理、家庭護理和半自理等多種居住形式相融合，形成充滿活力的社區(qū)精神。為了提高人們的參與感，設計師強調(diào)“讓人們相遇”的空間，如運動區(qū)和溪流旁的小型聚會空間等，鼓勵參與不同活動的人群之間互動。當然，也在綠化中設置了休憩用的私密座椅和隱蔽的戶外桌椅。食材花園帶來了更多共同用餐或工作的機會，讓人們實現(xiàn)終身學習。

^{“Multi-generation living” is another key feature, where independent living, family, and assisted living are united to build community spirit with activity dynamics. In order to ‘engage,’ space planning is designed to add a ‘chance of meeting,’ encouraging cross activity interaction such as exercise area and enclaves of gathering spots along the creek. Yet, there are also private seating niches and secluded outdoor tables among greenery, offering a sense of ‘retreat.’ After all, an edible garden allows to ‘create’ some dining and workshop together, leading to lifelong learning.} 

^{▲為多代居社區(qū)帶來豐富的活動 Creating Activity Dynamics for Multi-generation}

^{▲用于工作坊的桌子 Workshop Table}

^{▲食材花園 Edible Garden}

^{▲裝有扶手的休憩花園 Relax Garden with handrails}

^{▲花園中的座椅 Seating details in the garden}

此外，金鑰匙幸福研究中心前有帶來濕潤森林感的疊水景觀、可用于集體活動的草坪和游泳池等，人們可以在這里游憩，也可以沿著場地內(nèi)慢跑道跑步。研究中心二樓設有標準泳池、水療池、冷熱浴池和泳池平臺，可滿足不同需求和生活方式。

^{Moreover, in front of Jin Wellness Institute are the cascade, offering moisturized forest atmosphere, green lawn and swimming pool for group exercise, where people can enjoy taking time, as well as running along the site’s jogging track. Likewise, at the 2nd floor, there are meters standard lap pool, hydrotherapy pool, hot-cold tub and pool deck, suitable for different needs and lifestyles.}

^{▲研究中心門前的疊水景觀 View of frontal cascade}

^{▲研究中心二層的游泳池 Swimming pool at the 2nd floor of Jin Wellness Institute}

^{▲綠蔭環(huán)繞的泳池 Exercising in the pool amidst greenery}

^{▲通往泳池的小路 Paths and guiding railings into the pool}

金鑰匙幸福小鎮(zhèn)是一個充滿寧靜和多代居精神的生活綜合體，與自然和諧相處、維護生物多樣性的高品質(zhì)生活社區(qū)。

^{To conclude, Jin Wellbeing County surely is a living complex full of serenity and multi-generation spirit amidst a seamless harmony with nature and biodiversity, flourishing good quality of life.}

^{▲小鎮(zhèn)內(nèi)的游憩步道 Wandering paths through Jin Wellbeing}

^{▲生態(tài)池上的步行橋 Access bridge over Biopond}

^{▲療愈花園 Therapeutic Garden}

_項目概況

_{委托方：Thonburi Healthcare Group}

_{建筑設計：Openbox Architects co., ltd.}

_{室內(nèi)設計：PIA Interior co., ltd., Fine Dec co., ltd.}   

_{機電工程：Mitr Technical Consultant co., ltd.}

_{土木工程：Wisit Engineering Consultant co., ltd.}

_{軟質(zhì)景觀：Contractor: MJ Gardens}

_{項目類型：混合}

_{完成時間：2020}

_{設計時間：2016-2020}

_{總建筑面積：58,332平方米（第一階段）}

_{項目地址：泰國巴吞他尼府Rangsit市}

_{攝影師：Panoramic Studio, Napon Jaturapuchapornpong}