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俄羅斯扎賴斯克歷史中心改造景觀設(shè)計(jì) | Basis Architecture Bureau

ab-basis 2021-10-29

原創(chuàng)

項(xiàng)目名稱：

扎賴斯克歷史中心改造
項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：

俄羅斯，扎賴斯克
設(shè)計(jì)公司：

Basis Architecture Bureau

▼扎賴斯克街景

Zaraysk street view ? Basis Architecture Bureau

扎賴斯克歷史中心改造項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)已圓滿落成。在2018年度全俄羅斯小規(guī)模城市與歷史聚居地營造舒適城市環(huán)境的項(xiàng)目競(jìng)選中，該項(xiàng)目摘得最佳項(xiàng)目獎(jiǎng)。據(jù)俄羅斯城市個(gè)人博主Ilya Varlamov稱，由Basis 建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所主持的扎賴斯克歷史中心改造項(xiàng)目被列入“2019年俄羅斯十大最佳公共空間”榜單。

對(duì)該事務(wù)所的建筑師來說，重要的不僅是為當(dāng)?shù)厝撕陀慰蜖I建舒適的環(huán)境，這座城市的歷史特色也值得弘揚(yáng)，并應(yīng)展示出其獨(dú)特的魅力。

The project for the renovation of the historical city centre of Zaraysk has been completed. It won the 2018 All-Russia competition of the best projects in developing a comfortable urban environment in small cities and historical settlements. In 2019, the Zaraysk city centre renovation project by Basis Architecture Bureau was included in the list of "10 best public spaces in Russia 2019", according to independent Russian urban blogger Ilya Varlamov.

It was important for the architects of the bureau not only to create a comfortable environment for locals and tourists but also to emphasize the historical significance of the city, to show its uniqueness.

▼美麗而夢(mèng)幻的扎賴斯克歷史中心廣場(chǎng)

The beautiful and dreamlike historical centre square of Zaraysk ? Basis Architecture Bureau

扎賴斯克是一座古老的小城，仍舊保留著過往舒適的生活節(jié)奏與溫暖的城市氛圍。這座城市與總督Pozharsky，商人Bakhrushins, Yartsevs和Sholokhovs的名字相關(guān)聯(lián)，陀思妥耶夫斯基(Feodor Dostoevsky)也出生在這里。盡管在過去的幾年里，城市文化與商業(yè)遺產(chǎn)已顯著地破敗，但扎賴斯克與陀思妥耶夫斯基當(dāng)年生活過的樣子相比，并沒有太大變化——這就是它的魅力所在。19世紀(jì)的小型木材商人的宅邸是扎賴斯克城的重要?dú)v史遺跡，水塔與教堂鐘樓依舊是這里的主要地標(biāo)。集市區(qū)也還是在200年前的同一地段，而Krasnoarmeyskaya街則是在凱瑟琳二世時(shí)期修建的。根據(jù)該項(xiàng)目的規(guī)劃，歷史中心將融入到一處大型步道與游覽綜合體中，并在歷史遺跡周邊增添新的景點(diǎn)。

Zaraysk is a small ancient city that still retains the comfort and warmth of bygone eras. The city is associated with the names of the governor Pozharsky, the merchants Bakhrushins, Yartsevs, and Sholokhovs; Feodor Dostoevsky was born here. Despite the fact that over the past years the cultural and merchant heritage has noticeably deteriorated, Zaraysk is not very different from the city that Dostoevsky experienced - and this is its charm. It is dominated by small wooden merchant estates of the XIX century. The water tower and the church bell tower are still the dominant landmarks. The market area is still in the same place as 200 years ago, and Krasnoarmeyskaya Street was built during Catherine II reign. According to the project, the historical centre is combined into a large pedestrian and tourist area with new points of attraction around historical monuments.

▼城市地標(biāo)——教堂鐘樓

Urban landmark——The church bell tower ? Basis Architecture Bureau

水塔廣場(chǎng)

The water tower square

磚砌水塔是這座城市的主要景點(diǎn)之一，它讓人聯(lián)想到城堡的主樓。為了突出其顯耀的地位，塔的四周設(shè)以白色大理石板與混凝土磚的對(duì)比式鋪裝。紅白兩色的小路呈放射狀地從街道匯集至塔樓處?？脊艑W(xué)家在施工期間發(fā)現(xiàn)的古鵝卵石也被整合到從街道至廣場(chǎng)的道路中。環(huán)繞小公園的高速路上鋪設(shè)了紅色瀝青。

The brick water tower, reminiscent of the donjon tower is one of the main attractions of the city. To emphasize this dominance, a contrasting coating of white marble chips and slabs in the tone of bricks was created around it. Red and white paved paths converge in rays from the roadway to the tower. Historic cobblestone found by archaeologists during the construction works is integrated into the paving where the street enters the square. Red asphalt is laid on the highway circling the small park.

▼磚砌水塔

The brick water tower ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼紅白相間的鋪裝從街道向水塔樓處匯集

Red and white paved paths converge in rays from the roadway to the tower. ? Basis Architecture Bureau

復(fù)古木制燈具與隨意擺放的橙色與紅色座椅為水塔廣場(chǎng)營造出親切而寧靜的氛圍。游樂場(chǎng)的白色大理石砂上點(diǎn)綴了木制設(shè)施。在春天，整個(gè)廣場(chǎng)都掩映在盛開的白色唐棣花叢中，與外界街道隔離開來。

The intimate and serene atmosphere of this place is reflected in authentic wooden lamps and randomly arranged orange and red chairs. The playground is equipped with wooden objects for playing with white marble sand. In spring the entire square is shrouded in the haze of blooming white shadbush hiding it from the roadway.

▼隨意放置的橙色與紅色座椅營造出親切而寧靜的氛圍

The randomly arranged orange and red chairs provide intimate and serene atmosphere. ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼白色大理石砂與紅橙座椅相映成趣，兼具活潑與寧靜

The white marble sand，together with the chairs with red and orange colors sets each other off, being quiet and lively. ? Basis Architecture Bureau

游戲廣場(chǎng)

The playground

設(shè)置有秋千的游樂場(chǎng)位于中央商店附近，兩邊鋪有小石子，是場(chǎng)地內(nèi)的另一重要節(jié)點(diǎn)。與明亮的橡膠鋪裝不同，游樂場(chǎng)地所采用的天然鋪裝材料觀感自然，并適和開展與水相關(guān)的活動(dòng)。此外，采用頂梁背光式照明的秋千、障礙穿越活動(dòng)區(qū)與茶室廊亭，是新設(shè)計(jì)語言的組成部分，并被廣泛地運(yùn)用在該城的其他區(qū)域中。

Another anchor point is a playground with swings near the central store lined with small pebbles. Unlike a bright rubber coating, natural materials look more organic here and are suitable for games with water. A backlit canopy hanging over a swing, a horizontal bar with an obstacle course and a porch of a tea house is part of the new design code and is repeated in several areas of the city.

▼游樂區(qū)的秋千

Swings on the playground ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼秋千上方的頂梁采用了背光式照明

A backlit canopy hangs over a swing. ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼障礙穿越活動(dòng)區(qū)

An obstacle course ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼障礙穿越活動(dòng)區(qū)與茶室廊亭相銜接

The obstacle course joins the front porch of tea house. ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼茶室廊亭

A porch of a tea house ? Basis Architecture Bureau

教堂與紀(jì)念廣場(chǎng)

The church and memorial square

在新的步道路線中，位于18世紀(jì)購物拱廊邊上的廣場(chǎng)和圣三一教堂是其中的重要節(jié)點(diǎn)。此處以花崗巖材料作路緣，且廣場(chǎng)與街道處于同一水平高度，使得這里可輕松轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榇笮突顒?dòng)的場(chǎng)地。以“永恒的火焰”為主題的二戰(zhàn)英雄紀(jì)念碑經(jīng)修復(fù)后，通過鋪裝在視覺上得以凸顯。富于質(zhì)感的花崗巖磚勾勒出曾經(jīng)矗立在此處的小教堂，歷史便以這種方式被銘記。類似的改造手法也被運(yùn)用在昔日的監(jiān)獄所在地。紀(jì)念牌被融入到鋪裝中，牌上的信息由扎賴斯克克里姆林宮的主管收集提供。

The square near the shopping arcades of the 18th century and the Trinity Church is another important point on the new pedestrian route. Lined with granite and located on the same level with the roadway, it is easily transformed into a venue for mass events. The restored memorial to the heroes of the Second World War with the Eternal Flame is visually highlighted by paving. The history of the place is preserved with textured tiles of chipped granite which outline a chapel that once stood there. A similar approach is applied in another part of the city - where the gaols used to be. Memorial plates are integrated into the paving with information collected by the director of the Zaraysk's Kremlin.

▼以“永恒的火焰”為主題的二戰(zhàn)英雄紀(jì)念碑通過鋪裝凸顯出來

The restored memorial to the heroes of the Second World War with the Eternal Flame is visually highlighted by paving. ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼紀(jì)念廣場(chǎng)上的鋪裝細(xì)節(jié)

Memorial square paving details ? Basis Architecture Bureau

展覽與走廊空間沿著購物拱廊布局。為了不遮擋歷史建筑的外立面與河谷景觀，這里將選種大型楓類灌木叢，而非高大樹木，從而為游人提供舒適的蔭涼環(huán)境。

在這樣一個(gè)典型的注重感官體驗(yàn)的項(xiàng)目中，景觀總是扮演著重要的角色。盡管有些古樹位于道路上，建筑師們?nèi)钥紤]優(yōu)先保護(hù)這些高壽的樹木。非線性排列的大樹被特別設(shè)計(jì)的幾何型大草坪圍合在其中，樹下正好適合放置長(zhǎng)椅。建筑師還種植了此地已消失的樹種——在廣場(chǎng)區(qū)有椴樹和花楸叢。如今，城市中有了花壇、學(xué)生的自行車停放區(qū)，以及為接送孩子的父母準(zhǔn)備的停車場(chǎng)等便民設(shè)施。

Exhibition and corridor spaces are organized along the shopping arcades. In order not to obscure the historical facades and the view of the river valley, large shrubs of Ginnal maple giving a cosy shade will be planted here instead of big trees.

In such an authentic, "tactile" project, landscaping always plays an important role. The architects tried to preserve long-lived trees, even where they suddenly found themselves on the paved paths. Big trees planted non-linearly were "caught" in specially designed geometric lawns (creating a place for benches). The architects also restored lost species - a linden alley in the square, rowan bushes. The city now has flower beds, bicycle parking for schoolchildren and parking for parents bringing children to school.

▼刻意將樹木隨意散落地布置在廣場(chǎng)中

The scattered trees are planted specifically. ? Basis Architecture Bureau

照明設(shè)計(jì)的計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)表明，使用高過木屋的6米高的路燈，以棋盤式布局在路兩側(cè)，能同時(shí)照亮步行道與街道。合成實(shí)木板的路燈是專為扎賴斯克城市設(shè)計(jì)的，這些木材將隨時(shí)間優(yōu)雅地老去，只會(huì)為城市特色繼續(xù)增光添彩。

Lighting calculations showed that it was possible to illuminate the pedestrian part and the road together not only with 6-meter lights exceeding the size of wooden houses but also with double-sided lamps arranged in a checkerboard pattern. Compact wooden lanterns have been specially designed for Zaraysk that will gracefully age and only add to the town's identity.

▼水塔廣場(chǎng)照明設(shè)計(jì)

Lighting project of water tower square ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼街道照明設(shè)計(jì)

lighting of avenue ? Basis Architecture Bureau

Basis 建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所的負(fù)責(zé)人Ivan Okhapkin說：“我們很清楚，要保護(hù)俄羅斯市鎮(zhèn)的氛圍，就不能運(yùn)用任何現(xiàn)成的方式，即使這些方式在其他地方是可行的，比如使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制式的路燈、鋪裝與長(zhǎng)椅。Basis 建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所的設(shè)計(jì)概念圍繞扎賴斯克典型的地域特色來構(gòu)建，從形狀、材料、植被與顏色等幾個(gè)方面展開。我們嘗試尋找那些會(huì)隨時(shí)間優(yōu)雅老去的材料，因此相比于明亮而現(xiàn)代的材料，我們更喜歡使用木材；我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了由木材和銅組成的復(fù)古燈具；同時(shí)也將具有歷史特色的鵝卵石應(yīng)用到鋪裝之中。我們相信以此打造出了新的城市特色?！?/p>

Ivan Okhapkin, head of Basis Architecture Bureau: "It’s clear that in order to preserve the atmosphere of the Russian county town, one can't apply any ready-made solutions, even those that "worked" elsewhere - standard street lanterns, paving, benches. The concept developed by Basis Architecture Bureau is built around shapes, materials, plants and colours typical for Zaraysk. We tried to find materials that would age gracefully: we chose wood instead of something bright and modern; we designed authentic wood and copper lamps; we also used historical cobblestone in the pavement. We believe that’s how a new urban identity is formed."

▼木制游樂設(shè)施

Wooden amusement facilities ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼木制涼廊

The wooden porch ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼長(zhǎng)椅與燈具

Bench &Lamps ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼長(zhǎng)椅

The bench ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼石質(zhì)車擋

Stone vehicle blocks ? Basis Architecture Bureau

同大多數(shù)公共項(xiàng)目一樣，其預(yù)算主要用在重點(diǎn)工程上，如水利設(shè)施、天然氣基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施開發(fā)、電力供應(yīng)和廢水處理系統(tǒng)等方面。整個(gè)歷史中心的設(shè)計(jì)都基于無障礙原則，讓行動(dòng)不便的人群也暢通無阻。