德國(guó)柏林ULAP廣場(chǎng)景觀設(shè)計(jì) | 德國(guó)雷瓦德景觀建筑事務(wù)所

RLA德國(guó)雷瓦德 2021-04-22

原創(chuàng)

項(xiàng)目名稱：

Universum-Landes-Ausstellungspark
項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：

柏林（德國(guó)）
項(xiàng)目規(guī)模：

1.3公頃
設(shè)計(jì)公司：

德國(guó)雷瓦德景觀建筑事務(wù)所
委托方：

德國(guó)議會(huì)城市發(fā)展部
圖片來(lái)源：

德國(guó)雷瓦德景觀建筑事務(wù)所

背景介紹

^{Background Introduction}

ULAP (Universum-Landes-Ausstellungspark) 世界博覽會(huì)展館原名世界博覽會(huì)展館。這里曾經(jīng)展出過(guò)世界最大的飛行器Dornier DoX。二戰(zhàn)中展館被炸毀，留下開(kāi)闊的場(chǎng)地。此后植被自由生長(zhǎng)，成為城市中難得的一片綠地。場(chǎng)地位于柏林中心區(qū)最繁華的地段。當(dāng)時(shí)柏林主火車站即將完工，本就南靠德國(guó)聯(lián)邦國(guó)務(wù)部的場(chǎng)地，進(jìn)一步成為通行要地。柏林發(fā)展局以“廣場(chǎng)”為題征集設(shè)計(jì)方案，強(qiáng)調(diào)提高其通行性。

The ULAP (Universum-Landes-Ausstellungspark) World Exposition Pavilion was originally called the World Exposition Pavilion, and once exhibited the world’s largest aircraft Dornier DoX. The exhibition hall was bombed during World War II, leaving an open space. After that, the vegetation grew freely and became a rare green space in the city. The venue is located in the most prosperous area in central Berlin. At that time, the Berlin main railway station was about to be completed, and the site of the German Federal Ministry of State to the south became an important place. The Berlin Development Agency solicited design proposals with the theme of “Plaza”, emphasizing improving its accessibility.

^{▲項(xiàng)目概覽 Overview ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲場(chǎng)地內(nèi)草木茂盛 Lush vegetation in the site ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲階梯刻滿歷史痕跡 The steps are full of historical traces ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

方案探討

^{Plan Discussion}

正當(dāng)其他競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手將場(chǎng)地定位為傳統(tǒng)的廣場(chǎng)，著手統(tǒng)一的鋪裝設(shè)計(jì)元素時(shí)，雷瓦德景觀建筑事務(wù)所的設(shè)計(jì)師們經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)地調(diào)研后，開(kāi)始思考另外一種可能。經(jīng)過(guò)多番討論，場(chǎng)地中心區(qū)域確定摒棄硬質(zhì)鋪裝，定為素土地面。在一個(gè)以“廣場(chǎng)”為主題的競(jìng)賽中，不得不說(shuō)這是一個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)的決定。

^{Just as all competitors positioned the site as a traditional square and began to unify the pavement design elements, the designers of Reward Landscape Architects began to think about another possibility after field investigation. After many discussions, the central area of the site decided to abandon hard pavement and set it as plain ground. In a competition with the theme of “square”, it must be said that this is a risky decision.}

^{▲在草坪及素土地面的多種方案中反復(fù)比較 Repeated comparisons in a variety of plans for lawns and plain soil ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

場(chǎng)地整體成三角形，是相對(duì)規(guī)則簡(jiǎn)練的幾何形狀，為保持造型的統(tǒng)一，最終將山坡形狀確定為最簡(jiǎn)潔的半圓。

^{The entire site is triangular, which is a relatively regular and concise geometric shape. In order to maintain the unity of the shape, the shape of the hillside is finally determined as the simplest semicircle.}

^{▲推敲斟酌山坡形狀 Consider the shape of the hillside ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

廣場(chǎng)東面為流暢明快的硬質(zhì)鋪裝通道，核心部分則保留為綠地。為保證通行性，雜亂的底層植被被拔除。大量被保留及新種植的樹(shù)木充實(shí)了綠地的框架。這既留存了場(chǎng)地郁郁蔥蔥的特點(diǎn)，又用樹(shù)冠構(gòu)筑出新的“屋頂”，用于紀(jì)念被炸毀的展覽館。

^{The east side of the square is set as a smooth and lively hard pavement channel, while the core part is reserved for green space. In order to ensure traffic, the messy bottom vegetation was removed. A large number of preserved and newly planted trees enrich the green space frame. This not only preserves the lush characteristics of the site, but also uses the canopy to construct a new “roof” to commemorate the bombed-out exhibition hall.}

^{▲場(chǎng)地落成完美復(fù)刻效果圖 The perfect reproduction of the site completed ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

成果介紹

^Introduction

東面通道以平整大氣的石板鋪裝為主，配以自行車架等各種出行配套設(shè)施。該區(qū)域靠近建筑群開(kāi)闊處，適合設(shè)置露天咖啡廳等戶外設(shè)施。

^{The east passage is mainly paved with flat and atmospheric stone slabs, equipped with various travel facilities such as bicycle racks. This area is close to the open area of the building complex and is suitable for setting up outdoor facilities such as outdoor cafes.}

^{▲形式及工藝都體現(xiàn)了簡(jiǎn)潔的美感 The form and craftsmanship reflect the beauty of simplicity ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

硬質(zhì)鋪裝與素土相接處，用鋼條隔開(kāi)，并整理出較平坦的地形，保持場(chǎng)地的整體性。核心素土鋪面既與硬質(zhì)鋪裝柔和過(guò)渡，又方便種植樹(shù)木，還能更有效吸收雨水，實(shí)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)地內(nèi)雨水收支平衡。綠地內(nèi)部樹(shù)木的生長(zhǎng)使地表微微隆起，這些不影響通行的地形變化都被保留。特別定制的鋪裝石板上，分散著與素土顏色一致的石粒。被行人帶到硬質(zhì)鋪裝上的素土融入鋪裝，保持視覺(jué)上的整潔。

^{The hard pavement and plain soil are separated by steel bars, and a relatively flat terrain is arranged to maintain the integrity of the site. The core plain soil pavement has a soft transition with the hard pavement, and is convenient for planting trees. It can also absorb rainwater more effectively and achieve a balance of rainwater within the site. The growth of trees in the green space makes the surface slightly uplift, and these topographical changes that do not affect traffic are preserved. The specially customized paving slabs are scattered with stone particles in the same color as the plain soil. The plain soil brought to the hard pavement by pedestrians blends into the pavement to keep it visually tidy.}

^{▲長(zhǎng)成后的樹(shù)木投下怡人樹(shù)蔭 The mature trees cast pleasant shade ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲鋼條分隔及特制的石板鋪裝 Steel strip separation and special stone paving ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

幾何形狀容易使場(chǎng)地支零破碎及產(chǎn)生疏離感。座椅面向尖角橫向排列，既使場(chǎng)地更統(tǒng)一規(guī)整，又形成歡迎之態(tài)。

^{The geometric shape easily breaks the site and creates a sense of alienation. The seats are arranged horizontally facing sharp corners, which not only makes the venue more uniform and regular, but also forms a welcome state.}

^{▲通過(guò)座椅排布整合場(chǎng)地 Integrate venues through seat arrangement ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲場(chǎng)地的親切感吸引居民步入 The intimacy of the site attracts residents to step in ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲座椅的質(zhì)樸材質(zhì)是塑造親切感的一個(gè)重要元素 The rustic material of the seat is an important element in shaping intimacy ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

破落的階梯上曾經(jīng)發(fā)生了著名歷史事件“處決最后的莫阿比囚徒”。掙開(kāi)石板爭(zhēng)取生長(zhǎng)空間的樹(shù)根洋溢著自然的活力。設(shè)計(jì)師們保留了這段破損的階梯，只是保證其通行性，在左側(cè)增加了新路段。這樣的新舊結(jié)合，充滿了哲學(xué)的美感。

^{The famous historical event “execution of the last prisoner of Moabi” took place on the dilapidated stairs. The roots that broke away from the slate for growth space are permeated with natural vitality. The designers kept this broken ladder, just to ensure its accessibility, and added a new section on the left. This combination of old and new is full of philosophical beauty.}

^{▲新階梯使用同樣鋪裝，與落敗的階梯形成哲學(xué)對(duì)比 Using the same pavement new ladder, which forms a philosophical contrast with the failed ladder ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲掙破石板的樹(shù)根 Tree roots breaking the stone ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

階梯上設(shè)有兩處座椅。它們更好地融合著階梯與山坡，也提供了居高臨下駐足欣賞場(chǎng)地的機(jī)會(huì)。場(chǎng)地中雨水平衡的設(shè)計(jì)貫穿始終。階梯上的平臺(tái)踏腳處使用了金屬網(wǎng)，方便雨水滲入，提高了場(chǎng)地內(nèi)雨水的消化率。

^{There are two seats on the stairs. They better integrate the stairs and hillsides, and also provide the opportunity to stop and admire the site from a high position. The design of rainwater balance in the site also runs through. Metal meshes are used at the platform feet on the steps to facilitate rainwater infiltration and improve the digestibility of rainwater in the site.}

^{▲金屬踏板細(xì)節(jié) Metal pedal details ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

早在前期考察階段，設(shè)計(jì)師就對(duì)植被進(jìn)行了采樣。山坡上的植物配置選用原生品種，以保證植被的健康生長(zhǎng)，降低維護(hù)成本。

^{As early as the early inspection stage, the designer sampled the vegetation. The plant configuration on the hillside selects native varieties to ensure the healthy growth of vegetation and reduce maintenance costs.}

^{▲植物選用場(chǎng)地原有品種 The original species of the plant selection site? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲城市綠地得以保留 Urban green space is preserved ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

夜景及冬景

^{Night and winter}

舍棄了座椅靠背及柱式照明的場(chǎng)地，展示出節(jié)制有序的韻律。木質(zhì)為面，水泥為底，座椅在材料上配合幽靜的環(huán)境，在功能上給燈光設(shè)備提供藏身之所。柔和的燈光保證了夜間的安全性，又打造出與白天不同的寧?kù)o的場(chǎng)景。富有節(jié)奏感的設(shè)計(jì)讓場(chǎng)地在寒冬白雪中別有一番肅靜之美。

^{Abandoned the seat back and column lighting venues, showing the rhythm of restraint and order. The wood is the surface and the cement is the bottom. The material of the seat matches the quiet environment, and the function provides a hiding place for the lighting equipment. The soft lighting ensures the safety at night and creates a tranquil scene different from the daytime. The rhythmic design makes the venue unique in the cold winter and white snow.}