田園記憶
DESIGN CONCEPT
拿到項(xiàng)目之后,我們第一時(shí)間翻看了光明區(qū)的地方志。原來在幾十年前,這里還是大片的農(nóng)田,農(nóng)業(yè)是光明區(qū)的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè),著名的晨光牛奶就是產(chǎn)自光明。
Commissioned for the landscape design of Guangming Culture & Art Center, we first referred to the chorography of Guangming District. Upon research, we found that the site was originally a large area of farmland several decades ago, when agriculture was the main economic industry of this district. It is the birthplace of the famous Chenguang Dairy.
▼光明的田園肌理
farmland texture
如今的光明雖然已經(jīng)建成為產(chǎn)業(yè)豐富的生態(tài)都市,但田園文化仍然在一代人們的心中留下深深的漣漪,當(dāng)下我們就決定將“田園”進(jìn)行藝術(shù)化的演繹,作為主要的設(shè)計(jì)語言植入到項(xiàng)目之中。
Though Guangming District has already established an urban ecology with diverse industries, pastoral culture is still firmly rooted in people’s heart. Therefore, we immediately decided to interpret the “pastoral culture” in an artistic way and integrate “farmland” into the project.
▼山水田園的設(shè)計(jì)愿景
concept of landscape and idyll
▼將田園肌理演變?yōu)樵O(shè)計(jì)語言
farmland texture as design pattern
▼首層平面圖
first floor plan
▼建成后航拍圖(攝于2021.05.23)
aerial view upon completion(shot on May 23, 2021)
▼中庭的抽象田園肌理
abstract farmland texture in the atrium
多維海綿系統(tǒng)
SPONGE CITY
基于光明區(qū)的海綿城市建設(shè)要求,項(xiàng)目伊始,我們就對設(shè)計(jì)方案進(jìn)行了海綿城市評估和計(jì)算,目的是構(gòu)建一個(gè)科學(xué)的、多維的海綿城市系統(tǒng),以適應(yīng)復(fù)雜的地形地貌和場地水文狀況。
根據(jù)計(jì)算結(jié)果,我們在易淹沒區(qū)域融入了展示型雨水花園、生物滯留池、下凹綠地、綠色屋頂、植被緩沖帶、生態(tài)碎石渠等海綿設(shè)施,并將其進(jìn)行組合串聯(lián),收集的雨水最終匯入地下蓄水箱進(jìn)行回用,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)年徑流總量控制率74.3%,面源污染控制率56%,透水鋪裝率50%的指標(biāo),滿足深圳市海綿城市建設(shè)要求。
To meet the Sponge City construction requirements of Guangming District, we carefully evaluated and calculated the design from the very beginning, aiming to build a scientific and multi-dimensional sponge city system, which will adapt to the complex terrain and water system.
Based on the evaluation and calculation, in the easily flooded area, we built a rainwater garden, a bioretention pond, a sunken greenbelt, a rooftop garden, a buffer zone and a gravelly ditch, which are combined to collect and recycle rainwater in the underground storage tank. Finally, the annual runoff control rate in the area reaches 74.3 percent, the reduction rate of diffuse pollution reaches 56 percent, and the permeable pavement rate reaches 50 percent, which well meet the requirements of Shenzhen’s Sponge City Construction.
▼生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)獲得綠建三星及海綿城市雙認(rèn)證
three-star green building and sponge-city-certified project
同時(shí),我們還需要構(gòu)建精細(xì)化的海綿景觀,即綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施與景觀藝術(shù)的高度融合,使其更加符合公建項(xiàng)目氣質(zhì),為市民提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的活動(dòng)環(huán)境,為此我們提出了5個(gè)策略來應(yīng)對這一挑戰(zhàn)。
In the meantime, we need to create refined sponge-city landscape, which means the high integration of green infrastructure and landscape art. It will showcase the atmosphere of the public building and provide excellent activity spaces for citizens. In face of the challenges, we presented the following five strategies.
▼雨水流向示意圖
diagram of rainwater flow
▼匯水分區(qū)及雨水流向圖
water catchments subdivition and rainwater flow directions
▼海綿設(shè)施布置圖
sponge facilities layout
▼灰綠設(shè)施結(jié)合構(gòu)建高效能高顏值的海綿系統(tǒng)
Gray and green facilities form a high-efficient and beautiful sponge city system
1.順應(yīng)地形
Terrain-based Design
項(xiàng)目場地呈三面坡的多維四邊形形態(tài),四個(gè)邊角都是翹起來的,尤其是東面坡地的處理是本案的一個(gè)難點(diǎn):縱向有9.6米的巨大高差,坡度超過4.9%;橫向?qū)挾葍H有26米,整體呈狹長陡峭的空間狀態(tài),易產(chǎn)生局促和壓抑的空間體驗(yàn),在雨水管理方面也可能產(chǎn)生水土流失等問題。
即便如此,我們?nèi)匀幌M鹬貓龅卦玻M量減少土壤的擾動(dòng)和水文的破壞,于是我們采用臺(tái)地式的多功能三維立體擋墻消化場地高差,并解決雨水管理的問題。
The multi-dimensional quadrilateral site is sloping on three sides with four corners curling up. The eastern slope features a height difference of 9.6 meters and a slope gradient over 4.9%, while it is only 26 meters in width. Long and narrow space is easy to make people feel depressed and cause erosion.
Even so, we still hope to show respect for the terrain, trying to reduce excavation and avoid damage to the water resources. As a result, we built a terraced multi-functional parapet to balance the height difference and realize rainwater harvesting.
▼原貌地形分析
terrain analysis
▼坡地參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)
parametric slope design
基于多向坡的復(fù)雜地形現(xiàn)狀,我們通過建立模型推敲以及參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)來解決問題,因此擋墻是以三維異形、參數(shù)化漸變的形態(tài)來展現(xiàn)的,兼顧擋墻、座椅、排水渠和消能坎的功能,兼具功能性、視覺的豐富性和趣味性。
除此之外,在坡地的外側(cè)低洼處設(shè)計(jì)了帶狀的雨水花園,方便同時(shí)收納人行道以及坡地的雨水,并設(shè)置了石籠擋水坎來應(yīng)對雨水沖刷速度過快的問題。在東面坡地的高程最低處設(shè)置了特色雨水花園,底下結(jié)構(gòu)互相聯(lián)通,上部空間錯(cuò)落,體現(xiàn)出生態(tài)景觀的特殊美感。
In consideration of the complicated sloping terrain, we used models and parametric design to solve the problem. As a result, a three-dimensional parapet came into being, which can not only serve as wall, bench and drainage channel but also appeal to visitors.
Besides, a belt rainwater garden is designed along the slope to collect rainwater from the footpath and the slope. There is also gabion to prevent high-speed rainwash. In addition, built in the lower part of the eastern slope is a rainwater garden, which is connected with the underground facilities and presents unique beauty above the ground.
▼順應(yīng)地形的海綿設(shè)計(jì)
terrain-based sponge-city design
▼多功能擋墻與海綿設(shè)施的結(jié)合
multi-functional retaining wall and sponge facilities
▼坡地多重植被種植構(gòu)建生態(tài)綜合體
Eco complex covered by plants of different heights.
▼順應(yīng)地形設(shè)計(jì)的種植空間
terrain-based planting space
2.光明之眼
Eye of Light
我們在建筑的正立面前設(shè)計(jì)了長170m,寬18m的大型鏡面水景,利用建筑拱形入口與水景的倒影完美形成一只巨大的眼睛,被稱為“光明之眼”,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為新晉的網(wǎng)紅打卡點(diǎn)。
水面之上的拱形入口隱喻文化的橋梁,表現(xiàn)“在光明,看世界”的深刻寓意。大型的鏡面水景使龐大的建筑顯得輕盈及動(dòng)感,同時(shí)使訪客遠(yuǎn)離建筑,以緩解建筑帶來的壓抑感。
In front of the building’s facade, we designed a 170m long and 18m wide mirror water, which forms a huge eye together with the arched entrance. The so-called “Eye of Light” has become a new Instagram-worthy location.
The arched entrance over the water is the “bridge of culture”, through which people can have a fantastic view of the world. The large area water makes the huge building look graceful and dynamic. Meanwhile, it keeps visitors far away from the building, thus feeling less oppressive.
▼網(wǎng)紅打卡點(diǎn)—“光明之眼”
Instagram-Worthy Location —— Eye of Light
▼深圳首個(gè)使用雨水資源回用技術(shù)的大型水景
The first waterscape to use rainwater recycling system in Shenzhen
除此之外,3000㎡的水景面臨著高額的日常維護(hù)費(fèi)用,我們在地下車庫設(shè)置了兩個(gè)750m3的大型蓄水池,利用收集并調(diào)蓄場地內(nèi)的雨水,并進(jìn)行循環(huán)過濾,以滿足水景的日常使用。
這樣每年能夠減少60%的自來水使用,形成可持續(xù)的生態(tài)水景。另外,水景在暴雨時(shí)還能作為臨時(shí)調(diào)蓄設(shè)施,緩解管網(wǎng)壓力。
To reduce the maintenance cost for the 3,000㎡ waterscape, we built two 750m3 huge reservoirs in the underground parking for rainwater recycling.
In this way we save up to 60% tap-water use annually and create a sustainable eco waterscape which can be used as a temporary reservoir in rainstorm.
▼雨水調(diào)蓄及回用系統(tǒng)
rainwater storage and recycling system
▼地下蓄水箱
underground water tank
我們還利用參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì),設(shè)計(jì)了由300多根不同尺度的圓柱構(gòu)成的山形雕塑,呈現(xiàn)出360度可觀賞的效果。
作為引導(dǎo)性的入口標(biāo)志和視覺焦點(diǎn),在燈光的映襯下,整個(gè)參數(shù)化的雕塑對光線的不同反射,呈現(xiàn)出霧噴的視覺效果,如同山間云霧繚繞。
虛化的設(shè)計(jì)使空間更加的輕盈、通透和舒適,山脈的形狀與“光明之眼”相互呼應(yīng),代表光明的青山綠水,隱喻光明之外是遼闊的世界,光明之內(nèi)是牽掛與鄉(xiāng)愁。
With parametric design, we also created a mountain-shaped sculpture using more than 300 columns of different sizes, which can be seen from any perspective.
As the symbol and focus at the entrance, the sculpture reflects the light from different angles, just like the the mountain surrounded by clouds and mist.
Abstract design makes the space open, graceful and comfortable. The “mountain” dialogues with the “eye of light”, representing the beautiful landscape of Guangming and symbolizing that outside the city is a wonderful world while inside is the loved hometown.
▼拱形入口構(gòu)成炫麗的山水畫卷
arched entrance looks like a landscape painting
▼參數(shù)化山形藝術(shù)雕塑描繪出光明的山水
mountain-shaped sculpture presents the beauty of Guangming
3.文化雨園
Rainwater Garden
由于合院式建筑特點(diǎn)導(dǎo)致中庭是重要的雨水管理區(qū)域,暴雨時(shí)來自四周建筑的雨水會(huì)對場地進(jìn)行淹沒,傳統(tǒng)的綠化顯然不能解決這一問題,于是我們在此設(shè)計(jì)了田字格式的雨水花園。
花園下方鋪設(shè)了特殊的基質(zhì)土、粗砂、碎石和排水盲管,以幫助漫流的雨水可以在此更好的滯留、凈化和下滲并輸送至地下蓄水箱中,同時(shí)也不影響地上植被景觀的營造,這樣的設(shè)計(jì)也呼應(yīng)了“四水歸堂”的文化特色。
For quadrangle-style buildings, the atrium is an important area for rainwater management. Since traditional landscape cannot deal with floods, we created a rainwater garden here which is divided into pieces and looks look farmland.
Under the garden are special soil matrix, coarse sand, gravel and drain-pipes, which will help to collect, purify and transport rainwater into the underground reservoirs without damaging the plants on the ground. The design also conforms to the Chinese tradition of “water gathering together”.
▼中庭雨水徑流方向示意圖
flow diagram of rainwater in atrium
▼清新宜人之傳統(tǒng)嶺南合院的現(xiàn)代演繹
modern interpretation of traditional Lingnan courtyard
▼符合文化、藝術(shù)、生態(tài)氣質(zhì)的中庭休閑空間
Cultural, artistic and ecological atrium space
相較于外圍四面空間的游覽功能,中庭區(qū)域則更加側(cè)重于有精準(zhǔn)集散目的地的功能使用,包括可以舉辦音樂節(jié)、發(fā)布會(huì)等大型活動(dòng)的架空空間。
L型臺(tái)地圍合的小型文化交流空間有互動(dòng)取水器、文化風(fēng)向標(biāo)、文化地刻等趣味設(shè)計(jì)的林下休閑空間等。我們甚至使用了可移動(dòng)的輕質(zhì)發(fā)光混凝土座椅增加空間使用的靈活性。在一天中的大部分時(shí)間,這里都有不同程度的遮陰區(qū)域,使人們更愿意在這里停留。
Different from the peripheral spaces which are mainly for sightseeing, the atrium is designed as a destination for music festivals, news conference and other large-scale activities.
The L-shaped terrace is designed with interactive water faucets, cultural wind vanes, cultural carvings, etc. Moreover, we created movable seats with luminous concrete, making the space dynamic and flexible. With shade around most of the time during the day, people are willing to stay here and have a rest.
▼互動(dòng)取水器裝置
interactive drinage faucets
▼特色發(fā)光混凝土座椅成為中庭的視覺焦點(diǎn)
Luminous concrete seat is eye-catching in the atrium
▼代表世界文化藝術(shù)潮流的風(fēng)向標(biāo)裝置
Wind vanes stand for international culture and art trend
4.創(chuàng)新鋪裝
Innovative Pavement
為了呼應(yīng)在地抽象田園的設(shè)計(jì)理念,同時(shí)滿足50%的透水率需求,我們專門定制了平行四邊形的鋪裝,包括傳統(tǒng)石材和透水磚,并且聯(lián)合專家共同研發(fā)了混拼技術(shù),來達(dá)到更好的景觀效果。
由于項(xiàng)目的四面都有出入口,動(dòng)線較為復(fù)雜,在進(jìn)行鋪裝設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),我們根據(jù)場地活躍程度不同和所預(yù)測的人群密度的變化,應(yīng)用參數(shù)化技術(shù),設(shè)計(jì)出具有導(dǎo)視功能的漸變鋪裝系統(tǒng),強(qiáng)化視覺的引導(dǎo)性。同時(shí)74°的平行四邊形鋪裝與建筑平行,建筑與景觀達(dá)成風(fēng)格和序列的統(tǒng)一。
To highlight the design idea of “farmland” and reach a permeability rate of 50%, we customized pavement in parallelogram, including traditional stone and permeable bricks, which are skillfully combined together to present a better visual effect.
With entrances and exits in four directions, the visiting routes are relatively complicated. Therefore, based on crowd predication and parametric design, we created an effective signage system using the changing pavement. In addition, the 74° parallelograms are parallel to the buildings, which contributes to a unified style between landscape and architecture.
▼具有導(dǎo)視功能的鋪裝設(shè)計(jì)
guiding pavement design
▼鋪裝的參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)
parametric pavement design
▼透水鋪裝混鋪材料
permeable-impermeable mixed paving technology
▼透水鋪裝與傳統(tǒng)石材混鋪技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)功能和美學(xué)的統(tǒng)一
Combination of permeable pavement material and traditional stone
▼屋頂特色廊架與混拼鋪裝細(xì)節(jié)
Pergola and mixed pavement in the roof garden
5.科普體驗(yàn)
Scientific Experience
西面靠近建筑一側(cè)的低洼處則成為科普展示海綿知識(shí)的最佳地點(diǎn)。下雨時(shí)可以看到來自建筑屋頂?shù)挠晁谶@里滯留、下滲、凈化及儲(chǔ)存的過程。
透明的亞克力板清晰展示了高位雨水花壇內(nèi)部的結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)合石籠共同形成圍合的停留空間,碎石滲池同時(shí)為人們提供了進(jìn)入花園的入口,方便人們在這里學(xué)習(xí)、休憩和觀賞。
The lower land in the west nearby the building is ideal for sponge city display. When it rains, visitors will have an experience of the collection, infiltration, purification and storage of rainwater.
Transparent acrylic boards clearly display the internal structure of the flower beds, which surround the garden together with the gabion. Also, the gravel pool not only serves as the entrance to the garden, but also provides a space for learning, sightseeing and relaxing.
▼科普體驗(yàn)互動(dòng)式雨水花園
Rainwater garden for interactive science experience
▼雨水花園雨水徑流方向示意圖
water flow diagram of rainwater garden
▼藝術(shù)化的雨水傳輸渠
artistic drinage channel
▼雨水花園的結(jié)構(gòu)展示
display of rainwater garden structure
▼海綿科普展示與景觀設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)合
sponge city displayed through landscape design
結(jié)語
CONCLUSION
怡境設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)通過對深圳光明文化藝術(shù)中心的生態(tài)融合性設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐,讓“海綿”的技術(shù)遇上“景觀”的藝術(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)“賦能理想生活,重構(gòu)永續(xù)生態(tài)”的設(shè)計(jì)理念,為城市提供了高顏值、高品質(zhì)的綠色公共空間。
Through ecological and integrated design, GVL team creates a perfect encounter between sponge city technique and landscape art in Guangming Culture & Art Center. With the design idea of “building an ideal life, reconstructing a sustainable ecology”, we once again present a beautiful and high-quality green space for the city.
項(xiàng)目信息
項(xiàng)目名稱:深圳光明文化藝術(shù)中心
設(shè)計(jì)單位:廣州怡境景觀設(shè)計(jì)有限公司
建成時(shí)間:2020年11月27日
項(xiàng)目規(guī)模:37871.53平方米
項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn):深圳市光明區(qū)區(qū)政府南側(cè),觀光路、創(chuàng)投路交界
項(xiàng)目類別:景觀設(shè)計(jì)類
設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì):閭邱杰、彭濤、崔文娟、關(guān)曉芬、蔡偉群、周顯輝、馮曉揚(yáng)、周廣森、曹景怡、 彭延久、黃春燕、林文冬、張政、劉行
主創(chuàng):閭邱杰、彭濤、崔文娟
方案:關(guān)曉芬、蔡偉群、周廣森、曹景怡
施工圖:周顯輝、馮曉揚(yáng)、彭延久
植物:黃春燕
水電:林文冬、張政
結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì):劉行
攝影機(jī)構(gòu):廣州怡境景觀設(shè)計(jì)有限公司
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