上海寶山濱江（一期）岸線的生態(tài)化與市民化轉(zhuǎn)型 | 大觀景觀設(shè)計

項目的特殊性

Project distinctiveness 

項目位于長江與黃浦江交匯之處，是上海重要的長江濱江岸線，水域開闊，改造前濱水岸線以混凝土防洪堤和防汛通道構(gòu)成。

濱江腹地以居住社區(qū)和公園綠地為主，岸線內(nèi)最具標志性的建筑是吳淞口國際郵輪港。在上海打造全球卓越水岸，將黃浦江兩岸公共空間貫通并向公眾開放的背景下，寶山區(qū)著力將以防汛防洪為主的濱水區(qū)作為城市轉(zhuǎn)型的重點。

如何將防汛大堤的一二級平臺融入濱江開放空間，并增強區(qū)域的生態(tài)性和公眾吸引力將成為整個項目的難點。

Located at the intersection of Yangtze River and Huangpu River, the Project is an important riverside waterfront of the Yangtze River in Shanghai with a vast water area. The waterfront before the transformation was composed of concrete flood embankments and flood control channels. 

The riverside hinterland nearly consists of residential communities and green parks. The most iconic building along the waterfront is Shanghai Wusongkou International Cruise Terminal. In view of Shanghai building world-class outstanding riverside areas and connecting the public space open for the mass on both sides of Huangpu River, Baoshan District takes the riverside areas mainly used for flood control as the focus of urban transformation. 

Integrating the primary and secondary platforms of the flood control embankment into the riverside open space and enhancing ecology and public attraction of the riverside areas will become great challenges for the Project. 

▼改造前濱江岸線現(xiàn)狀

Riverside waterfront before transformation 

設(shè)計思考

Design concept 

設(shè)計結(jié)合江河、郵輪與寶山文化，以“寶山之舷”為主題，營造趣味性的市民空間，并體現(xiàn)本項目的在地獨特性。同時，按照濱江貫通的總體規(guī)劃，本項目區(qū)域示范先行，確?！叭馈边B續(xù)貫通。

結(jié)合本項目的特殊性，提出自然韌性、趣味體驗、社區(qū)融合三個策略。自然韌性用以應(yīng)對濱水地區(qū)的生態(tài)敏感性以及全球氣候變化所帶來的影響，建設(shè)生態(tài)型的水岸風(fēng)貌；趣味體驗旨在創(chuàng)造與郵輪文化相呼應(yīng)的濱水休閑互動體驗；社區(qū)融合關(guān)注與周邊社區(qū)的鏈接，為市民及游客提供便捷優(yōu)質(zhì)多元的濱水生活方式。

The design combines river, cruise and Baoshan culture, and takes "Baoshan's broadside" as its theme, to create an entertaining civil space and reflect the local uniqueness of the Project. Meanwhile, according to the master plan of riverside run-through, the Project is regarded as a regional demonstration to ensure the continuous run-through of "three routes". 

Combining the distinctiveness of this project, the design puts forward three strategies, namely natural resilience, interesting experience and community integration. In terms of natural resilience, ecological riverside features shall be constructed to cope with the ecological sensitivity of riverside areas and the impact of global climate change. In terms of interesting experience, the design aims to create a riverside leisure interactive experience corresponding to the cruise culture. In terms of community integration, the contact with surrounding communities is emphasized to provide a convenient, high-quality and diversified riverside lifestyle for citizens and tourists. 

三道貫通

Run-through of three routes 

依據(jù)寶山濱江貫通總體方案，漫步道和慢跑道設(shè)置在二級平臺上，對原有平臺的高差和鋪裝材質(zhì)進行優(yōu)化和提升，騎行道結(jié)合公園腹地和城市界面既有條件分別設(shè)置。同時，在以及平臺上設(shè)置更為親水更為休閑的花園游徑?！叭馈奔印耙粡健钡亩鄬蛹壜窂截炌ㄕ麄€濱江區(qū)域，滿足多樣化游憩和運動的需求。

According to the master plan of riverside run-through in Baoshan District, the walk route and the jogging route shall be set on the secondary platform, and the elevation difference and pavement materials of the original platform shall be optimized and improved. The bicycle route shall run through the existing parks or along the cityline. A more hydrophilic and leisure garden trail shall be set on the primary platform. The multilevel pathway of "three routes" + "one trail" will run through the entire riverside area, meeting the requirement for diversified recreation and sports. 

▼花園游徑+濱水步道+慢跑道總體鳥瞰

Overall bird view of garden trail + riverside walk route + jogging route 

▼濱水一級平臺花園小徑

Garden trail on primary riverside platform 

▼濱水漫步道+慢跑道

Riverside walk route + jogging route 

趣味體驗——長江一線防汛大堤的轉(zhuǎn)變

Interesting experience - Transformation of front-line flood control embankment of Yangtze River 

此區(qū)域的防汛大堤是長江一線大堤，防汛等級要求高，禁止破壞性的改造。在保留原有大堤要素的基礎(chǔ)上，能否將堤內(nèi)堤外進行生態(tài)化處理，并營造舒適的濱江開放空間，將成為本次設(shè)計的重點和難點。

This area has a front-line flood control embankment of the Yangtze River requiring a high level of flood control, for which destructive transformation is forbidden. Whether ecological treatment may be carried out inside and outside the embankment on the basis of retaining the original embankment elements, to create a cozy riverside open space will become the focus and difficulty of this design. 

▼濱江大堤現(xiàn)狀情況

Current state of the riverside embankment 

設(shè)計大膽提出是否可以將消極的“防浪堤”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭捎瓮婵审w驗的“玩浪堤”，將一個被人遺忘的灰色防汛基礎(chǔ)工程轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樾蕾p長江風(fēng)光的第一現(xiàn)場。

The design boldly proposes that the passive "flood control embankment" can be transformed into an "entertaining embankment" that has amusement functions and a forgotten grey flood control basic project transformed into the first site to enjoy the scenery of the Yangtze River. 

設(shè)計在不變動原有兩級防汛體系的前提下，對現(xiàn)狀提出相應(yīng)提升方案。借助一二級平臺各自的特點和高差，營造二級平臺的“城市吧臺”和一級平臺上的“波浪花園”兩個景觀情境，吸引更多的來訪者眺望長江、走向濱水。

The design puts forward an improvement scheme for the current state without changing the original two-level flood control system. With the respective characteristics and height differences of the primary and secondary platforms, the "city bar" landscape on the secondary platform and the "wave garden" landscape on the primary platform are created, to attract more visitors to overlook the Yangtze River at the riverside. 

▼波浪花園示意圖

Diagram of wave garden 

一級平臺以波浪花園為主題，形成水陸過渡帶，減少原有硬鋪比重，增加自然野趣的綠植，形成花園式漫步空間。整體走線采用波浪式布局，避免了原有直線型空間的單調(diào)感。在功能上融入趣味型、互動型的內(nèi)容，結(jié)合微地形的變化，創(chuàng)造豐富的空間體驗。

The primary platform takes the wave garden as its theme, constitutes a water-land transition zone, reduces the proportion of original hard paving, and increases green plants, to form a garden-style walking space. An overall wavy layout is adopted, which avoids the monotony of the original linear space. Interesting and interactive content are added to its functions, to create a rich spatial experience in consideration of the changes of micro terrain. 

▼城市吧臺示意圖

Diagram of city bar 

二級平臺以城市吧臺為主題，防浪墻作為工程遺存保留。結(jié)合寬厚的墻體特征，融入多種城市生活場景，實現(xiàn)遠望江景近眺花園，形成類似船艙甲板的濱江空間體驗。

同時按照合理的服務(wù)半徑，結(jié)合濱江腹地已有的服務(wù)設(shè)施，濱江沿線規(guī)劃設(shè)置服務(wù)驛站，滿足市民和游客的運動、休閑等功能需求，為可能的濱江活動提供便民支持。

The secondary platform takes the city bar as its theme, with wave wall reserved. The width and thickness of the wall are considered, and a variety of urban life scenes are blended, to enable visitors to overlook the river ahead and the gardens nearby, and form a riverside space experience similar to the cabin and deck .

According to the reasonable service radius and in consideration of the existing service facilities in the riverside hinterland, service post stations are set along the waterfront, to satisfy the sports, leisure and other functional needs of citizens and tourists, and provide convenient support for possible riverside activities. 

社區(qū)融合——濱水生活的第一現(xiàn)場

Community integration -- the first site of riverside life 

在設(shè)計之初，希望本次改造岸線極大的便利周邊社區(qū)，給市民望江觀景提供充分的便利和可達性。在鏈接廊道和更大范圍的城市鏈接上充分考慮，事實也證明，岸線改造之后，很快成為周邊社區(qū)最有吸引力的目的地之一。

江堤平臺成為了欣賞長江風(fēng)光的第一現(xiàn)場，同時也為周邊社區(qū)市民居民提供了多樣化的休閑活動場所。二級平臺上主要以慢跑和遠眺為主，結(jié)合濱江公園腹地感受到更多的活動體驗；一級平臺上的活動體驗更加多元化，針對不同人群給予了多種體驗的可能。

At the beginning of the design, it was hoped that the transformation of the waterfront will greatly facilitate the surrounding communities and provide sufficient convenience and accessibility for citizens to enjoy the river view. Full consideration has been given to linking corridors and wider urban areas. Facts have proven that after the transformation, the waterfront soon became one of the most attractive destinations for the surrounding communities. 

The riverside platforms have become the first site to enjoy the scenery of the Yangtze River, and provides a variety of leisure places for citizens from surrounding communities. Jogging and overlooking places are mainly on the secondary platform. In addition to that, one may have more activity experience in the hinterland of Binjiang Park. The activity experience on the primary platform is more diversified, with a variety of activities given to different groups. 

▼周末時間高密度的使用

High density during weekends 

▼晨昏時間周邊社區(qū)居民的使用

Use by residents from surrounding communities in morning and nightfall 

▼眺望長江的第一現(xiàn)場

First site to overlook the Yangze River 

▼結(jié)合濱江公園腹地的濱江漫步慢跑帶

Riverside walking and jogging belt connected with the hinterland of Binjiang Park  

▼一級平臺上綠意盎然的花園小徑

Green garden trail on the primary platform 

▼激發(fā)小朋友運動天賦的活力自然坡地

Natural slopes to stimulate children's sports talents 

▼吸引人的兒童沙池

Attractive children's sand pool 

▼觀賞性的巖石花園

Ornamental rock garden 

▼眺望郵輪碼頭的大臺階

Large steps overlooking the cruise terminal 

自然韌性——適合濱江的生態(tài)岸堤

Natural resilience - ecological embankment suitable for riverside 

打破原有全部硬化的一級平臺風(fēng)貌，營造一個吸引人的生態(tài)型游憩平臺，是本次設(shè)計的一個重要目標。

江邊的基礎(chǔ)條件限制較多：一是改造不得破壞原有平臺基礎(chǔ)；二是江邊風(fēng)大，對植物抗風(fēng)型有要求；三是，一級平臺汛期會被淹沒，對植物耐水性有要求。所以，江邊的環(huán)境特點迫使設(shè)計必須考慮改造后整個自然環(huán)境的韌性。

Breaking the existing fully-hardened primary platform to create an attractive ecological recreation platform is an important goal of this design. 

Riverside has many restrictions: the transformation shall not damage the existing platform foundation; there are high requirements for wind resistance of plants due to riverside strong wind; there are high requirements for the water resistance of plants as the primary platform will be submerged in flood season. Therefore, the riverside environmental characteristics force the design to consider the resilience of the whole natural environment after transformation. 

▼一級平臺自然改造示意圖

Natural transformation diagram of the primary platform 

針對項目位于長江口浪大風(fēng)急的特點，設(shè)計采用預(yù)制混凝土模塊作為一級平臺的鋪裝體系，以大規(guī)格模塊實現(xiàn)一定配重，滿足極端天氣下消浪防洪的穩(wěn)定性需求，同時也作為種植土固土體系的一部分，實現(xiàn)了在漿砌石塊堤面上較大面積水陸兩生植物的種植，提升了綠色野趣的生態(tài)風(fēng)貌。

In view of the strong waves and winds at the estuary of Yangtze River, the design adopts precast concrete modules as the pavement of the primary platform. The large modules with a certain weight may reach the stability required for wave dissipation and flood control in extreme weather, and act as part of the plantable soil consolidation system to realize the large-area planting of amphibious plants on the masonry embankment, improving the ecological features. 

大面積植被的種植，提高了親水平臺的綠視量，與濱江公園的綠色融為一體。

Large-area plants have improved the green visibility of the hydrophilic platform and fused with the green of Binjiang Park. 

植被的選擇上盡可能選擇有一定高度，且耐旱耐水的地被，既滿足基本的綠地風(fēng)貌要求，同時營造隨風(fēng)搖曳的濱江植物風(fēng)貌。

The ground vegetation with a certain height and drought and water resistance are selected as far as possible, so as to meet the basic requirements for green space and create riverside plant features swaying with the wind. 

自然韌性的終極考驗

Ultimate test for natural resilience 

▼狂風(fēng)暴雨中的堤岸

Embankment in storm 

在本項目完工9個月后，江堤迎來了關(guān)于自然韌性的終極考驗。

2021年7月25至26日，臺風(fēng)“煙花”登陸舟山普陀區(qū)域，受其影響，上海出現(xiàn)了達到風(fēng)暴潮紅色預(yù)警級別的高潮位，并持續(xù)大風(fēng)和降雨。

9 months after the completion of the Project, the river embankment ushered in the ultimate test for natural resilience. 

From July 25 to 26, 2021, typhoon "Fireworks" landed in Putuo District of Zhoushan City. Due to the typhoon, the river flowing through Shanghai reached a high tide level of red warning, and continuous strong wind and rainfall lingered in the city. 

“煙花”在近十年臺風(fēng)影響過程中雨量排名第一、最大風(fēng)速排名第二（僅次于2019年第9號臺風(fēng)“利奇馬”， 25日沿江沿海地區(qū)可達8～10級。

臺風(fēng)過后的第一時間，設(shè)計師到現(xiàn)場進行評估。大部分植被經(jīng)受住了大風(fēng)大雨的考驗；但是，臨近江岸的一側(cè)受到大浪的沖擊，部分地被出現(xiàn)了倒伏，需要及時修復(fù)。

Typhoon "Fireworks" ranks the first in rainfall and the second in maximum wind speed among typhoons in the past ten years (second only to No. 9 typhoon "Lekima" in 2019). On July 25th, the wind force in the coastal areas reached 8-10. 

The designer went to the site for an evaluation immediately after the typhoon. Most of the plants has withstood the test of strong wind and heavy rain; However, impacted by the big waves, some ground plants along the riverside were beaten down, which needs to be restored in time. 

▼臺風(fēng)過后的堤岸現(xiàn)場

Embankment site after typhoon 

面對新問題、新挑戰(zhàn)、新思路，設(shè)計團隊后續(xù)將對岸堤的植被生態(tài)進行長期觀察，以便獲得進一步評估和總結(jié)。

In the face of new problems, challenges and ideas, the design team will conduct long-term observation on the plant ecology of the embankment for further evaluation and summary. 

結(jié)語

Conclusion 

本項目是一次大膽的實驗，將城市中原有單純以防汛防洪為主的灰色市政基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，以景觀的方式進行了柔化更新，以低沖擊的方式塑造出自然野趣、休閑親和的濱水岸線風(fēng)貌。

The Project is a bold experiment to carry out a soft renewal for grey municipal infrastructure in the city (mainly flood control embankment) in the form of landscape, and create riverside features with natural charm and leisure affinity in a low impact way. 

_項目信息

_{項目名稱：寶山濱江（一期）}

_{項目地點：中國 上海 寶山}

_{項目類型：公共空間/公園綠地設(shè)計}

_{基地面積：岸線長度2.2公里}

_{業(yè)主單位：上海市寶山區(qū)濱江開發(fā)建設(shè)管理委員會}

_{景觀方案：大觀景觀（上海大觀景觀設(shè)計有限公司）、上海澤柏景觀設(shè)計有限公司}

_{規(guī)劃設(shè)計：上海創(chuàng)霖建筑規(guī)劃設(shè)計有限公司}

_{施工圖設(shè)計：同創(chuàng)工程設(shè)計有限公司}

_{主創(chuàng)設(shè)計師：楊曉青}

_{項目經(jīng)理：張勤} 

_{方案設(shè)計團隊：鮑魯泉 王駿杰 張先之 呂文英 尚倩云 吳永清 胡曉霞 孫劉振 陳輝 錢雨馨}

_{規(guī)劃設(shè)計團隊：賀佳 鄭梅梅 劉慧慧 谷佃風(fēng)}

_{施工圖團隊：張向陽 孫杰 張燕飛 張澤民}

_{攝影師：金笑輝}

_{Project： Baoshan Riverfront （Phase 1）} 

_{Location:  Baoshan, Shanghai, China}

_{Type: Public Space}

_{Gross Built Area (square meters)：2.2KM}

_{Scheme design：da landscape、Shanghai Zebai Landscape Design Co., Ltd.；}

_{Planning and design：Shanghai Total Architectural Design&Urban Planning Co., Ltd. ；}

_{Construction drawing design：Tongchuang Engineering Design CO.,LTD.}

_{Leader designer：Xiaoqing Yang}

_{project manager: Qin Zhang}

_{Scheme design team：Luquan Bao、Junjie Wang、Xianzhi Zhang、Wenying Lv、Qianyun Shang、Yongqing Wu、Xiaoxia Hu、Liuzhen Sun、Hui Chen、Yuxin Qian}

_{Planning and design team：Jia He、Meimei Zheng、Huihui Liu、Dianfeng Gu}

_{Construction drawing team：Xiangyang Zhang、Jie Sun、Yanfei Zhang、Zemin Zhang}

_{版權(quán)聲明：本文版權(quán)歸原作者所有，請勿以景觀中國編輯版本轉(zhuǎn)載。如有侵犯您的權(quán)益請及時聯(lián)系，我們將第一時間刪除。}

_{投稿郵箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{項目咨詢：18510568018（微信同號）}